Uniting Through Difference: Rich Cultural-Identity Expression as a Conduit to Inclusion

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Arnett, Rachel D.

Abstract: Although previous research suggests that bringing attention to minority cultural ... Expand

Abstract: Although previous research suggests that bringing attention to minority cultural identities in the workplace can lead to professional penalties, this research provides promising evidence that the opposite can occur. I examine how cultural minority employees engaging in rich and meaningful conversations about their racial, ethnic, and national backgrounds (referred to as rich cultural-identity expression) influences majority-group coworkers’ inclusive behaviors, such as majority-group employees’ willingness to socially integrate with and professionally support minority coworkers. Three experiments found evidence of majority-group employees behaving more—not less—inclusively toward minority coworkers who engaged in rich cultural-identity expression, as opposed to small talk that did not bring attention to a minority cultural background. Even when minority employees richly expressed negatively valenced cultural information that could provoke anxiety (such as issues with discrimination), this form of sharing had positive effects on most measures of inclusive behavior in Studies 2 and 3 (although one exception was found in Study 3). No benefits were observed when minority employees engaged in surface-level cultural-identity expression (Studies 2 and 3) and intimate, noncultural self-disclosure (Study 2). The power of rich cultural-identity expression is its ability to increase majority-group individuals’ status perceptions of, feelings of closeness to, and sense of learning potential from minority coworkers. This research provides promising evidence that minority employees may be able to express valued aspects of their cultural identities while gaining—as opposed to jeopardizing—inclusion. Funding: This work was supported by the Wharton Behavioral Laboratory and the Wharton Dean’s Research Fund. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1648. Collapse

Topics: electronic mail accounting identity management IT career pandemic

Methods: experiment survey ANOVA parametric test data transformation

Motivation to Lead of IT Professionals: The Role of IT Occupational Culture, Commitment and Gender Equality Policies in Latin America

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Guzman, Indira; Sanchez, Aurora; Lopez, Rolando Gonzales

Abstract: Organizations are being impacted by the rapid advances in Information Technolog ... Expand

Abstract: Organizations are being impacted by the rapid advances in Information Technology (IT), and motivated IT leaders are critical. Gender is also an issue in IT since women are underrepresented in IT leadership positions worldwide and in Latin America. This research in progress aims to assess a model of factors that could impact the motivation to lead of IT professionals. The proposed model integrates the occupational culture framework and the construct of the importance of gender equality policies. Previous research found that people in the IT occupation have unique characteristics that are different from other occupations. The theoretical frameworks of motivation to lead and IT occupational culture (ITOC) serve as a foundation for our research model. In addition, the construct importance of gender policies was designed and validated for this research. This research will be undertaken in the context of IT professionals in four countries in Latin America. Collapse

Topics: IT workforce organizational commitment

Institutional Disruptions and the Philanthropy of Multinational Firms

2022 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Ballesteros, Luis; Magelssen, Catherine

Abstract: This paper studies philanthropy by multinational enterprises (MNEs) during insti ... Expand

Abstract: This paper studies philanthropy by multinational enterprises (MNEs) during institutional disruptions—the sudden and unexpected, temporary, and systemic breakdowns in market-oriented institutions. The central argument is that, under institutional disruptions, MNEs aim to restore factors that are essential for the market to function, such as infrastructure and labor markets, and the strength of the market restoration motive is positively associated with the economic importance of the affected country to the MNE. Analyses of donations from 2,000 MNEs headquartered in 63 countries in the aftermath of 265 major epidemics, natural disasters, and terrorist attacks affecting 129 countries suggest that the economic importance of the country to the firm strongly explains donations. Country market concentration, public aid, and the country’s regulatory quality moderate this effect. These associations are robust to a matching method; a vector of firm-, country-, and event-specific time-varying and -constant variables; and alternative motives, such as reputation, altruism, media salience, market standing, and poverty-gap avoidance. They offer evidence that company philanthropy in the aftermath of institutional disruptions may deviate from predicted behavior under stable conditions. Particularly, the findings contest the expectation that philanthropy rises in market competition. Monopolistic firms are comparatively large donors and may act as an economic stop-loss mechanism during large disruptions. Collapse

Topics: database system terrorist incident pandemic missing data earthquake

Methods: qualitative interview descriptive statistic natural language processing theory development robustness check

Theories: theory of economic fluctuations

Where Do Born Globals Come from? A Neoconfigurational Institutional Theory

2022 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Fainshmidt, Stav; Smith, Adam W.; Aguilera, Ruth V.

Abstract: Born globals, recently established firms that obtain a substantial share of thei ... Expand

Abstract: Born globals, recently established firms that obtain a substantial share of their revenue from foreign markets, can help strengthen countries’ economic vitality and increase innovation levels. The extent of born global formation varies considerably across countries, yet it is unclear why this is the case. Drawing on the neoconfigurational institutional perspective, we develop a typology of institutional contexts associated with high born global formation rates. We posit that high rates of born global formation occur where institutional features favorable to border-spanning activities complement institutional features conducive to entrepreneurial activity, thus forming an institutional configuration that enables, equips, and motivates more societal members to launch born globals. Accordingly, we hypothesize a primary institutional configuration where international transaction facilitators, entrepreneurial educational capital, and entrepreneurial norms combine to propel born global formation. Further, we draw on the internationalization literature to propose two alternative types of institutional configurations conducive to born global formation. These two types provide functional substitutes for the primary type and are distinctly propelled by (1) escapism from low-quality public governance institutions or (2) immigrant entrepreneurship. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis on data from 66 countries supports our typology and illustrates why born global activity may thrive even in contexts with institutional weaknesses. Our study develops a neoconfigurational model to advance a holistic understanding of the born global phenomenon’s theoretical drivers, contributing to research on comparative capitalism and international entrepreneurship. Collapse

Topics: entrepreneurship financial information system accounting anonymity online learning system

Methods: theory development survey robustness check survey design statistical hypothesis test

Theories: institutional theory

Redefining profit metrics for boosting student retention in higher education

2021 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 2

Authors: Maldonado, Sebastián; Miranda, Jaime; Olaya, Diego; Vásquez, Jonathan; Verbeke, Wouter

Abstract: Student dropout is a major concern in higher education, as it leads to direct ec ... Expand

Abstract: Student dropout is a major concern in higher education, as it leads to direct economic losses and substantial social costs. Public and private institutions spend considerable resources to prevent student dropout. The effi­ ciency and effectiveness of these investments, however, may be improved by adopting a profit-driven perspec­ tive. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for implementing student dropout prediction using data-driven methods. Extending upon profit metrics as used in business analytics, we design a novel performance measure for evaluating predictive models that is tailored to the student dropout problem and that quantifies the net savings of a retention campaign. This metric supports the identification and selection of students to optimally allocate the limited resources for preventing student dropout and to maximize the resulting savings. Experiments were performed using data from three bachelor’s programs of a higher education institution containing information on dropouts and participation in a retention program, i.e., tutorials. The proposed metric allows for a better choice of prediction model and classification threshold than conventional approaches and, as a result, yields tangible savings for the institution. Finally, the presented approach and experimental results highlight pathways to design tailored student retention programs. Collapse

Topics: missing data communication service infrastructure decision making analytical information system

Methods: machine learning case study experiment descriptive statistic logistic regression

A Conceptual Framework to Support the Management of Technical Debt in Software Testing

2021 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Rocha, Verusca; Freire, Sávio; Rios, Nicolli; Lima, Cleydiane; Ribeiro, Leilane; Perez, Boris; Neto, Arilo Dias; Moura, Hermano; Correal, Dario; Mendoca, Manoel; Spinola, Rodrigo

Abstract: Background: Although technical debt (TD) can occur in several software developm ... Expand

Abstract: Background: Although technical debt (TD) can occur in several software development phases, little is known how TD items can affect testing activities, requiring the identification of TD elements -indicators, causes, effects, and preventive practices -related to those activities. Aims: To investigate the causes, effects, indicators, and preventive practices of test-related debt (TRD). Method: We followed an incremental triangulation process using data collected from a literature review, a survey with experts, and a survey run in the context of the InsighTD project. Results: We found that test, test automation, documentation, defect, people, and infrastructure debt items are related to software testing. In total, the study identified 22 indicators of the presence of TRD, found 87 causes for them, 51 effects of their presence, and 77 preventive practices. Conclusion: Our work summarizes those elements in an interactive conceptual framework to support the management of TD items in software testing. Collapse

Topics: IT project website systems development

Methods: survey literature study triangulation business process modeling literature sample

Platform Evolution: A Study of TripAdvisor

2020 | HICSS | Citations: 3

Authors: Alaimo, Cristina; Kallinikos, Jannis; Valderrama-Venegas, Erika

Abstract: The recent commercial expansion of social media platforms challenges their origi ... Expand

Abstract: The recent commercial expansion of social media platforms challenges their origin as places of networking and community building and raises important questions as regards their status as institutional entities. After briefly reviewing the literature on platforms and ecosystems, we conduct a longitudinal case study of TripAdvisor. Our findings show the critical role networking and social data have historically played in positioning TripAdvisor as a hub in a vast digital travel ecosystem. At the same time, our analysis unravels the growing diversification of data types linked to the roles performed by different types of actors (e.g. end users, advertisers, business owners, online travel agencies). The shifting nature of these roles and the data types they produce largely account for the patterns of platform evolution and its market position. Collapse

Topics: social media search engine participatory design digital platform digital ecosystem

Methods: design methodology longitudinal case study longitudinal research qualitative interview case study

Explaining Women’s Level of Involvement in Nascent Entrepreneurial Activities – The Non-linear Role of R&D Investments in Different OECD Countries

2020 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Gaies, Brahim; Maalaoui, Adnane

Abstract: While women entrepreneurship is often seen to be one of the most important econo ... Expand

Abstract: While women entrepreneurship is often seen to be one of the most important economic and social phenomena of our times, especially since many women opt for entrepreneurship to reconcile their professional and personal lives, relatively less attention has been paid to the effect of R&D on women’s entrepreneurship. In this study we argue and empirically demonstrate how R&D impacts nascent women’s entrepreneurship. Regarding the debate and ambiguous evidence concerning the linkages between entrepreneurship and innovation, we investigate not only the linear relation between the tandem “R&D and nascent women’s entrepreneurship” but also the nonlinear one. Collapse

Topics: research and development entrepreneurship database system innovation management missing data

Methods: longitudinal research autocorrelation analysis statistical hypothesis test Wald test robustness check

Do Accelerators Work? If So, How?

2020 | Organization Science | Citations: 5

Authors: Hallen, Benjamin L.; Cohen, Susan L.; Bingham, Christopher B.

Abstract: Accelerators are entrepreneurial programs that attempt to help ventures learn, o ... Expand

Abstract: Accelerators are entrepreneurial programs that attempt to help ventures learn, often utilizing extensive consultation with mentors, program directors, customers, guest speakers, alumni, and peers. Although accelerators have rapidly emerged as prominent players in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, entrepreneurs, policy makers, and academics continue to raise questions about their efficacy. Moreover, relevant organizational literature suggests that, even if accelerators are associated with better venture outcomes, results could be due to mechanisms other than learning, such as sorting or signaling. Drawing on mixed empirical methods that include proprietary data on the ventures accepted and “almost accepted” to a set of top accelerators, we find evidence that some, but not all, of the early accelerators we study substantially aid and accelerate venture development. We also find some evidence of sorting dynamics. These findings are corroborated using an auxiliary quantitative data set constructed from publicly observable data. Complementary qualitative fieldwork suggests a key driver of these accelerator effects is a novel learning mechanism we label broad, intensive, and paced consultation. The implication of these insights is that the practices of early accelerators represent a beneficial and likely replicable form of intervention that may also have relevance for independent entrepreneurs, educational programs, and corporate innovation. Collapse

Topics: website crowdsourcing entrepreneurship LinkedIn database system

Methods: field study qualitative interview mixed method theory development experiment

Theories: organizational behavior theory theory of bounded rationality

Building an Apparatus: Disclosing Affectivity in Sociomaterial Research

2020 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Santuber, Joaquin; Dremel, Christian; Owoyele, Babajide Alamu; Edelman, Jonathan A

Abstract: The study of sociomateriality in Information Systems (IS) research is recording ... Expand

Abstract: The study of sociomateriality in Information Systems (IS) research is recording increasing impact and interest. Primarily focused on the entanglement of the social and the material, we argue that IS literature on sociomateriality lacks a proper account of the affective configurations that transform a sociomaterial practice in a place of salience to the individual or organization. To bridge this gap, we propose an integrative theoretical framework to “disclose” affectivity in sociomateriality, as well as guidance to build a research apparatus and a diffractive approach as a research methodology. We build on affectivity research from the enactivist approaches to cognition, philosophy, and phenomenology. To illustrate our contribution, we relate to research on the digital practices of criminal courts in Chile. IS researchers and practitioners will benefit from (1) a robust theoretical foundation that extends sociomaterial studies as well as (2) the advancing of research methods and new research possibilities. Collapse

Topics: social media video conference pandemic YouTube technology adoption

Methods: theory development qualitative interview image processing ontological modelling biometric measurement

Theories: sociomaterialism theory theory of affordance socio technical theory