Practices for Responsible AI: Findings from Interviews with Experts

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Akbari Ghatar, Pouria; Pappas, Ilias; Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni

Abstract: Along with advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and organizations' abil ... Expand

Abstract: Along with advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and organizations' ability to use AI systems in their operations and business, several ethical and moral issues emerge. In response to managing ethical AI issues, principles for Responsible AI (RAI) have been developed. However, beyond the availability of these principles, more insights are needed on how to operationalize RAI principles. In this paper, we provide empirical findings about actual RAI practices derived from interviews with experts in America and Europe. Drawing from these empirical insights, we make three contributions to RAI literature. First, we provide a synthesis of current practices for providing fair, explainable, and inclusive AI. Second, we provide an overview of roles and structures for governing RAI in organizations. Finally, we show how these practices can be integrated into different activities within AI workflows. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence competitive advantage decision making LinkedIn video conference

Methods: qualitative interview literature study personal interview synthesis

From Groups to Communities: A Resource Mobilization Theory Perspective on the Emergence of Communities

2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 1

Authors: Angelopoulos, Spyros; Canhilal, Kubra S.; Hawkins, Matthew A.

Abstract: Groups and communities have been key topics in the information systems (IS) rese ... Expand

Abstract: Groups and communities have been key topics in the information systems (IS) research agenda. While communities are assumed to emerge at the intersection of overlapping groups and their practices, prior research has mainly focused on their dynamics and evolution. This has resulted to limited empirical support regarding the emergence of communities. We address that lacuna by tracing the emergence of communities through the prism of resource mobilization theory. In doing so, we make use of a unique longitudinal dataset and incorporate Topic Modelling, Bipartite Network Analysis, and Community Detection. We show that new communities are formed at the intersection of overlapping groups and practices. In addition, we contribute to the IS literature by demonstrating that their emergence occurs due to resource mobilization that gives rise to a shared mindset. We also reveal that multiple resources are incorporated into the practices of an emerging community. By combining large datasets and innovative computational approaches, we help IS theory and practice to move away from traditional "what" questions towards the more insightful "how" ones. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our work and delineate an agenda for future research on the topic. Collapse

Topics: accounting identity theft database system

Methods: longitudinal research theoretical contribution theory development network analysis topic model

Theories: information systems theory

Lessons from enterprise systems competency centers in adopting digital transformation initiatives: An assemblage approach

2023 | Information and Organization | Citations: 0

Authors: Aryal, Arun; Truex, Duane; El Amrani, Redouane

Abstract: Firms are increasingly adopting digital transformation as a strategic priority. ... Expand

Abstract: Firms are increasingly adopting digital transformation as a strategic priority. However, the path to successful transformation remains uncertain for many organizations. This paper examines the establishment and evolution of competency centers in two case study organizations, historically used in enterprise systems, in addressing the complexity and challenges of digital transformation. The interactions within these competency centers are analyzed through assemblage theory to understand the emergent relations between heterogeneous parts (technology, people, and orga­ nization) and the dynamic processes of new configurations. The insights from this research show the critical role of the competency center in any enterprise system’s success and how it could continue playing a central role in future digital transformation initiatives. By providing a new lens to examine these issues, the assemblage theory provided a new theoretical perspective to the IS field and a new alternative empirical setting to the organizational literature. Collapse

Topics: enterprise information system digital transformation enterprise resource planning IT skill business process management

Methods: qualitative interview case study personal interview design artifact literature study

How have firms transformed and executed IT-enabled remote work initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic? Conceptualization and empirical evidence from Spain

2023 | Information & Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Benitez, Jose; Castillo, Ana; Ruiz, Laura; Luo, Xin (Robert); Prades, Pedro

Abstract: This paper examines how firms have transformed and executed IT-enabled remote wo ... Expand

Abstract: This paper examines how firms have transformed and executed IT-enabled remote work initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic. After examining archival data on a sample of 100 firms in Spain, we discover three types of IT-enabled remote work firm’s strategies: leader, agile, and survival. Leader companies have a competitive advantage over agile companies, which in turn have a competitive advantage over survival organizations. We find that firm size was crucial to executing remote work firm’s initiatives as a leader or survival. The industry significantly affected the implementation of remote work firm’s initiatives during the three pivotal periods in the telecommunications industry. Collapse

Topics: remote work IT supported collaboration pandemic competitive advantage organizational value

Methods: qualitative content analysis theory development partial least squares path modeling mediation analysis statistical power analysis

Theories: contingency theory resource based view of the firm organizational theory

Special Issue Introduction: Building Digital Resilience against Major Shocks

2023 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 5

Authors: Boh, Waifong; Constantinides, Panos; Padmanabhan, Balaji; Viswanathan, Siva

Abstract: Major shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic create unique and exceptional challe ... Expand

Abstract: Major shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic create unique and exceptional challenges for different entities, including individuals, groups, and organizations. In this special issue editorial, we introduce the concept of digital resilience, which refers to the capabilities developed through the use of digital technologies to absorb major shocks, adapt to disruptions caused by the shocks, and transform to a new stable state, where entities are more prepared to deal with major shocks. The individual papers in this special issue offer compelling examples of how digital resilience is exhibited and how the process of digital resilience can unfold in response to specific major shocks. Drawing upon and extending these papers, we present an integrated framework of how digital technology can help build resilience capabilities, which is missing in past research but needed to mitigate and manage future major shocks, including financial recessions and climate change. We conclude with four important themes for future IS research. Collapse

Topics: pandemic open source IT investment IT governance lean manufacturing

Methods: participant observation qualitative interview mixed method

Regulation of data-driven market power in the digital economy: Business value creation and competitive advantages from big data

2023 | Journal of Information Technology | Citations: 0

Authors: Fast, Victoria; Schnurr, Daniel; Wohlfarth, Michael

Abstract: Recent high-profile antitrust cases and policy proposals have put a spotlight on ... Expand

Abstract: Recent high-profile antitrust cases and policy proposals have put a spotlight on the relationship between firms’ access to big data and sustained competitive advantages in digital markets. In Europe, concerns about data-driven market power have led policymakers to propose far-reaching regulations of information technology (IT) in these markets. Despite the global policy relevance, the regulation of big data and its competitive effects has so far received little attention in information systems (IS) research. This article addresses this research gap by developing an overarching framework for future IS research on the role of IT for the regulation of data-driven market power. The proposed research framework builds upon a three-part analysis: First, we review the academic literature and show that there is extensive, although nuanced, empirical evidence for business value creation from big (user) data. Second, we draw on the resource-based view of the firm and recent policy reports to derive six facilitating factors that enable firms to establish market power based on sustained data-driven competitive advantages. Third, we characterize three regulatory approaches to govern market power and competition in data-driven digital markets: (i) empowering consumers, (ii) data openness, and (iii) limiting data scale. For each of these approaches, we highlight the key role of IT artifacts in mediating the effect of regulatory rules on actual practice. Collapse

Topics: electronic market competitive advantage organizational value value creation big data

Methods: design artifact machine learning literature study theory development archival research

Theories: transaction cost economics resource based view of the firm

Ethical management of human-AI interaction: Theory development review

2023 | Journal of Strategic Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Heyder, Teresa; Passlack, Nina; Posegga, Oliver

Abstract: AI-based technologies have changed the nature of the symbiosis between humans an ... Expand

Abstract: AI-based technologies have changed the nature of the symbiosis between humans and AI, and so strategic management of human-AI interaction in organizations requires deeper ethical consid­ erations. Aligning AI with human values requires a systematic understanding of the ethical management of human-AI interaction. We conduct a theoretical review, from a sociotechnical perspective, and analyze ethical management of human-AI interaction through the lens of soci­ omateriality. Our systematic approach helps explain and clarify the interdependencies between two ethical perspectives – duty and virtue ethics – in sociotechnical systems. We also provide a theoretical framework that leads to seven avenues for future research. Collapse

Topics: human AI collaboration artificial intelligence database system strategic management responsible artificial intelligence

Methods: literature sample theory development literature study synthesis chatGPT

Theories: sociomaterialism theory socio technical theory sociotechnical systems theory

"Can't Get No Satisfaction?" – The Case for Broadening Information Systems Research on E-Commerce

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Kernstock, Philipp; Przybilla, Leonard; Thatcher, Jason; Krcmar, Helmut

Abstract: Satisfaction is a crucial construct in information systems research, particularl ... Expand

Abstract: Satisfaction is a crucial construct in information systems research, particularly for investigations of e-commerce. Given profound shifts in the scope and use of e-commerce and the associated proliferation of information systems, we ask whether research should adopt a more encompassing view of information systems in e-commerce. Based on recent propositions in marketing research, we identify "experience" as a construct apt to complement "satisfaction" by broadening the scope of inquiry to include the entire order process. In a systematic literature review, we identify a variety of definitions of key constructs but find very few contributions from information systems research that take experience into account. Based on these findings, we outline possibilities for future research to move from exclusively focusing on satisfaction to directing attention to experience as an affective response to technology on a systems level. Such a change carries several implications touching the very basis of information systems research, such as the role of the IT artifact. In addition, we discuss implications for practice. Collapse

Topics: electronic commerce marketing management website mobile application IS discipline

Methods: literature study literature sample structured literature research longitudinal research design artifact

An empirical study of community cohesiveness, community attachment, and their roles in virtual community participation

2023 | European Journal of Information Systems | Citations: 2

Authors: Kim, Dan J.; Salvacion, Mark; Salehan, Mohammad; Kim, Dae Wan

Abstract: Although active participation of members is a critical success factor for virtua ... Expand

Abstract: Although active participation of members is a critical success factor for virtual communities, few members actively participate in activities in virtual communities (e.g., posting, commenting, sharing, etc.). This study explores the differences between passive and active community participation from community cohesiveness and community attachment perspectives. Drawing upon a context-specific cohesiveness-attachment-participation framework based on cognition-affection-conation traits of human psychology, we propose a research model and empirically test the roles of community cohesiveness and attachment in virtual community participation. The results suggest that community members’ active participation is positively influenced by both community cohesiveness and community attachment. Visitation, as the passive mode of participation, is influenced by community attachment only. The findings not only inspire future IS research to consider community cohesiveness, attachment, and participation as vital research constructs in other social contexts, but it also helps managers build managerial actions, such as prioritising their limited business resources to increase community members’ active participation, for the success of virtual communities. Collapse

Topics: online community Facebook social network Twitter YouTube

Methods: survey partial least squares path modeling PLS tool survey design statistical hypothesis test

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN AND RESEARCH TAXONOMY OF HOMOPHILY IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: LI, Yisheng; Vatrapu, Ravi; Zihayat, Morteza

Abstract: Homophily is both a principle for social group formation with like-minded peopl ... Expand

Abstract: Homophily is both a principle for social group formation with like-minded people as well as a mechanism for social interactions. Recent years have seen a growing body of management research on homophily particularly on large-scale social media and digital platforms. However, the predominant traditional qualitative and quantitative methods employed face validity issues and/or are not well-suited for big social data. There are scant guidelines for applying computational methods to specific research domains concerning descriptive patterns, explanatory mechanisms, or predictive indicators of homophily. To fill this research gap, this paper offers a structured review of the emerging literature on computational social science approaches to homophily with a particular emphasis on their relevance, appropriateness, and importance to information systems research. We derive a research taxonomy for homophily and offer methodological reflections and recommendations to help inform future research.Although computational methods are increasingly being adopted for and adapted to information systems (IS) research in general and homophily research in particular, there is a dearth of comprehensive reviews and guidelines of research methodologies appropriate to homophily in digital systems. Most extant literature either qualitatively measures perceived homophily with pre-validated surveys (e.g., "My new Facebook friend: "is similar to/like me") or quantitatively tests hypotheses about homophily with regression models (Dvir-Gvirsman, 2017;Liu and Brown, 2014;Shalizi and Thomas, 2011;Song et al., 2019). Nevertheless, traditional survey-based methods may face threats to construct validity while many regression models like logistic regression may not be a fit for some social network relationships in which observations are not independent (Chipidza and Tripp, 2018;Lazer et al., 2020). To fill the research lacuna, our paper is motivated to offer a structured review of the methodologies being leveraged to study homophily with special emphasis on state-of-the-art computational methods in IS application domains. Our review outlines a roadmap to big data-driven studies in IS by focusing on patterns, explanations, and predictions of homophily in business and social commerce settings and highlighting methodological novelty such as blending traditional research methods with machine learning (ML) that informs future research design. We propose a taxonomy that classifies research themes, data collection techniques, and computational methods in data-driven management research on the mass digitization of homophily. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the methodological foundations drawn from the reference discipline of computational social science (CSS). Section 3 presents our literature review procedure. Section 4 reviews two CSS approaches particularly suitable for homophily-social network analysis (SNA) and text analytics. Section 5 illustrates their utility in understanding different dimensions of homophily, especially in the application domains of IS. Section 6 outlines a taxonomy and offers several methodological guidelines for future research. Collapse

Topics: recommender system explainable artificial intelligence privacy database system Facebook

Methods: natural language processing literature study social network analysis survey regression analysis method