Algorithmic Transparency and Contact-tracing Apps – An Empirical Investigation

2021 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Bitzer, Tobias; Wiener, Martin; Morana, Stefan

Abstract: Contact-tracing apps are considered one of the core information technologies to ... Expand

Abstract: Contact-tracing apps are considered one of the core information technologies to help contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, they need to be adopted broadly to be effective. In this study, we apply the concept of algorithmic transparency (AT) to contact-tracing apps and hypothesize that users prefer apps with a high level of disclosure of information about the app's inner workings (referred to as transformation AT) and that disclosure increases user comprehension and trust. We empirically validate our hypotheses through an online experiment with 116 participants. We find that the level of transformation AT of a contact-tracing app is positively related to users' adoption behavior, comprehension, and trust. Collapse

Topics: mobile application contact tracing mobile application technology adoption mobile system user acceptance

Methods: experiment computational algorithm statistical hypothesis test descriptive statistic linear regression analysis

Linking Drivers and Outcomes of Innovation in IT Firms: The Role of Partnerships

2021 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0

Authors: Jha, Ashish Kumar; Bose, Indranil

Abstract: A better understanding of the linkage between the objectives and outcomes of inn ... Expand

Abstract: A better understanding of the linkage between the objectives and outcomes of innovation will enable firms to plan better for effective utilization of their resources for generation of innovation. The current study enhances the understanding of relationships between the intent to innovate and eventual outcome as the intent to innovate drives complex processes and resource allocation that leads to a successful innovation. We analyze the World Bank innovation survey data of IT firms in China and find that drivers of innovation significantly impact the configuration elements of the innovation phenomenon within firms and influence how firms execute collaboration with external partners. This is turn impacts the product and process innovation generated by the firm. The findings imply that firms should decide about their choice of partners for innovation and the mode of engagement with the partners based on the drivers for innovation. Collapse

Topics: innovation management business process innovation research and development productivity resource allocation

Methods: statistical hypothesis test survey descriptive statistic moderation analysis econometric modeling

Theories: innovation theory resource based view of the firm

The effects of bidder factors on online bidding strategies: A motivation-opportunity-ability (MOA) model

2020 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Cui, Xiling; Lai, Vincent S.; Lowry, Paul Benjamin; Lei, Yang

Abstract: The use and popularity of online auctions is growing all over the world. Bidding ... Expand

Abstract: The use and popularity of online auctions is growing all over the world. Bidding strategies are important because they are related to an auction's final price and ultimately its revenue. This study investigates the bidding stra­ tegies adopted by online bidders and the factors of the bidders, including bidding motivations, time availability, bidding experience, and risk aversion. We use the data from China to test the model and identify three bidding strategies in single-unit auctions: agent bidding, snipe bidding, and ratchet bidding. By running logistic re­ gression, we find that hedonic motivations, utilitarian motivations, time availability, bidding experience, and risk preference all influence online bidding strategies. We also conduct pairwise comparisons of bidding stra­ tegies based on these factors and a simulation experiment to compare the benefits brought by different bidding strategies. We conclude by discussing the implications for both research and practice. Collapse

Topics: online auction consumer surplus IS economics logistics management website

Methods: survey cluster analysis simulation post-hoc analysis logistic regression

A Novel Business Process Prediction Model Using a Deep Learning Method

2020 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Citations: 6

Authors: Mehdiyev, Nijat; Evermann, Joerg; Fettke, Peter

Abstract: The ability to proactively monitor business processes is a main competitive diff ... Expand

Abstract: The ability to proactively monitor business processes is a main competitive differentiator for firms. Process execution logs generated by process aware information systems help to make process specific predictions for enabling a proactive situational awareness. The goal of the proposed approach is to predict the next process event from the completed activities of the running process instance, based on the execution log data from previously completed process instances. By predicting process events, companies can initiate timely interventions to address undesired deviations from the desired workflow. The paper proposes a multi-stage deep learning approach that formulates the next event prediction problem as a classification problem. Following a feature pre-processing stage with n-grams and feature hashing, a deep learning model consisting of an unsupervised pre-training component with stacked autoencoders and a supervised fine-tuning component is applied. Experiments on a variety of business process log datasets show that the multi-stage deep learning approach provides promising results. The study also compared the results to existing deep recurrent neural networks and conventional classification approaches. Furthermore, the paper addresses the identification of suitable hyperparameters for the proposed approach, and the handling of the imbalanced nature of business process event datasets. Collapse

Topics: business process management open source Microsoft Azure Java information retrieval

Methods: deep learning experiment machine learning autoencoder classification method

Impact of a firm’s physical and knowledge capital intensities on its selection of a cloud computing deployment model

2020 | Information & Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Zheng, Qian; Gu, Dongxiao; Liang, Changyong; Fang, Yulin

Abstract: Cloud computing has become an increasingly common computing infrastructure for c ... Expand

Abstract: Cloud computing has become an increasingly common computing infrastructure for contemporary firms. An important decision for firms to make in adopting a cloud computing model is whether to build it in-house (a private cloud) or outsource it (a public cloud). Prior literature has focused on the impact of firms’ characteristics but generated inconsistent results regarding the selection of cloud computing models. To add to this line of inquiry, we consider the relative resource structure, which reflects the importance of physical and knowledge resources for individual firms, and examine their respective effects on the selection of cloud computing deployment models (CCDMs). Using data from 520 companies deploying cloud computing in mainland China, we find that firms with higher physical capital intensity (PCI) tend to outsource cloud computing, whereas those with higher knowledge capital intensity (KCI) tend to use private clouds. Firms with higher codified knowledge capital intensity (CKCI) are found to be more susceptible to the negative relationship between KCI and public cloud selection than those with higher tacit knowledge capital intensity (TKCI). The direct positive influence of regional legal protection on a firm’s preferences for a public cloud is also confirmed, as well as its indirect moderating effect on alleviating the negative relationships between CKCI and deploying a public cloud. Collapse

Topics: cloud computing outsourcing electronic mail logistics management cloud computing provider

Methods: statistical hypothesis test survey instrumental variables estimation logistic regression descriptive statistic

Theories: transaction cost economics

Strategic signaling through cloud service certifications: Comparing the relative importance of certifications’ assurances to companies and consumers

2019 | Journal of Strategic Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Lansing, Jens; Siegfried, Nils; Sunyaev, Ali; Benlian, Alexander

Abstract: Cloud service certifications (CSCs) are assessed by practitioners to support str ... Expand

Abstract: Cloud service certifications (CSCs) are assessed by practitioners to support strategic cloud adoption decisions with the aim to reduce information asymmetries. Both businesses and consumers scrutinize CSCs’ assurances as ex ante signals indicating a cloud provider’s future service quality. While some research has examined the aggregate effects of certifications on decision variables, recipients’ evaluations of certifications and their assurances before making IT-related decisions have received little attention. Furthermore, prior research has predominantly focused on privacy and security assurances in e-commerce certifications. Drawing on signaling theory, we propose that certifications are signals that recipients decompose into a set of fine-grained assurance signals that they weigh to evaluate certifications. We evaluate the responses of 113 company representatives and 317 consumers to a best-worst scaling survey to examine the relative importance these two groups attach to ten assurances from CSCs. Our results show that similar to other online contexts, security and privacy are important assurances, but additional assurances related to availability, the customer friendliness of contracts, and legal compliance are also demanded, particularly by companies. Privacy, security, and availability are most crucial to both companies and consumers, but their relative importance varies substantially between the two groups. Post-hoc subgroup analyses reveal significant differences in assurances’ relative importance for provider and user companies, adopter and non-adopter consumers as well as companies using different types of services and from different industries. Our findings indicate that recipients evaluate certifications as a bundle of signals with varying importance due to recipients’ characteristics and context. With this conceptualization, we contribute to an advanced understanding of the sense-making of certifications and lay out how it influences cloud service adoption theories. Our study has practical implications for certification authorities that design CSCs as well as for providing insights to cloud service providers on customers who draw on CSC assurances when making cloud service adoption decisions. Collapse

Topics: cloud computing privacy software as a service platform as a service infrastructure as a service

Methods: qualitative interview post-hoc analysis survey experiment conceptual modelling

Theories: technology acceptance theory signaling theory lemon market theory trust theory elaboration likelihood model

Analyzing Employees’ Decisions to Dual Use Devices

2017 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Ostermann, Uwe; Wiewiorra, Lukas; Franzmann, Daniel

Abstract: Driven by the accessibility and affordability of multipurpose devices like smart ... Expand

Abstract: Driven by the accessibility and affordability of multipurpose devices like smartphones, an increasing number of individuals dual use the same device for work and private life. Our study complements existing literature that focuses on the relative advantage of consumer IT in general, by investigating additional factors that are assumed to influence the decision between dual use of a single device for both work and private life and multihoming with two separate devices. Our contribution to the field is twofold. First, we develop and validate a new multi-item scale to measure the ‘inconvenience of two devices’, which is the implicit cost of multihoming. Second, we conduct a choice-experiment and find that, in absence of any relative advantage of consumer IT, ‘inconvenience of two devices’ increases and ‘perceived privacy risk’ decreases the likelihood of any dual use scenario, whereas ‘perceived financial risk’ only decreases the likelihood of using a privately owned device. Collapse

Topics: bring your own device privacy smartphone logistics management perceived ease of use

Methods: experiment survey multinomial logistic regression data transformation survey design

Towards a value theory for personal data

2017 | Journal of Information Technology | Citations: 23

Authors: Spiekermann, Sarah; Korunovska, Jana

Abstract: Analysts, investors and entrepreneurs have recognized the value of personal data ... Expand

Abstract: Analysts, investors and entrepreneurs have recognized the value of personal data for Internet economics. Personal data is viewed as ‘the oil’ of the digital economy. Yet, ordinary people are barely aware of this. Marketers collect personal data at minimal cost in exchange for free services. But will this be possible in the long term, especially in the face of privacy concerns? Little is known about how users really value their personal data. In this paper, we build a user-centered value theory for personal data. On the basis of a survey experiment with 1269 Facebook users, we identify core constructs that drive the value of volunteered personal data. We find that privacy concerns are less influential than expected and influence data value mainly when people become aware of data markets. In fact, the consciousness of data being a tradable asset is the single most influential factor driving willingness-to-pay for data. Furthermore, we find that people build a sense of psychological ownership for their data and hence value it more. Finally, our value theory helps to unveil market design mechanisms that will influence how personal data markets thrive: First, we observe a majority of users become reactant if they are consciously deprived of control over their personal data; many drop out of the market. We therefore advice companies to consider user-centered data control tools to have them participate in personal data markets. Second, we find that in order to create scarcity in the market, centralized IT architectures (reducing multiple data copies) may be beneficial. Collapse

Topics: Facebook information privacy concern psychological ownership privacy social network

Methods: archival research linear regression analysis logistic regression survey multinomial logistic regression

Theories: value theory for personal data transaction cost economics

Manipulative Imputation in Distributed Decision Support Settings: The Implications of Information Asymmetry and Aggregation Complexity

2016 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Malekovic, Ninoslav; Sutanto, Juliana; Goutas, Lazaros

Abstract: According to earlier research, distributed communications are susceptible to dec ... Expand

Abstract: According to earlier research, distributed communications are susceptible to deception. Our study complements the existing works by analyzing group members' attempts to manipulate group decisions supported by distributed communications. Experimentally, we examined the impact of two systemic features of distributed decision support on the group member's manipulative imputation. First, we analyzed the member's manipulative imputation for information asymmetry. Second, we analyzed this relationship for the moderating effect of decision rule complexity. Both of these features are structural properties of aggregating information exchange. We confirmed several effects: An increase in the asymmetry of information aggregating into a group outcome increases the member's manipulative tendency. This increase also increases the effectiveness of the member's manipulative imputation. However, the complexity of a decision rule decreases both of these effects. Given the information asymmetry, complexity of issues under group members' consideration can authenticate their disclosures. We point out the theoretical relevance and practical implications of our findings. Collapse

Topics: group decision support system decision support decision support system

Methods: data imputation experimental group experiment logistic regression chi squared test

Theories: lemon market theory theory of bounded rationality social choice theory

Applying the technology acceptance model to a Spanish City Hall

2014 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Moreno Cegarra, José Luis; Cegarra Navarro, Juan Gabriel; Córdoba Pachón, José Rodrigo

Abstract: a b s t r a c tThis paper examines the relative importance and significance of ... Expand

Abstract: a b s t r a c tThis paper examines the relative importance and significance of the four technology enablers introduced by Davis (1989) in the technology acceptance model (TAM) (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude towards using and behavioural intention) for use on four different levels of citizen engagement in e-government (null, publish, interact and transact). An extended technology acceptance model (TAM) is developed to test citizen engagement towards online e-government services from a sample of 307 citizens who used the benefits advisor tool within a Spanish City Hall. Although the proposed model follows TAM and explains the intention towards the actual use of e-government by postulating four direct determinants, "A, PU, PEOU and BI" have been considered as parallel processes, meaning that each can have separate influence in different levels of citizen engagement. To achieve this goal, a multinomial logistic regression is developed and tested to confirm the explanatory power of the four technology enablers on the four different levels of e-government. Our findings further suggest that in order to implement egovernment, some of the enablers matter more than others to move from one level of citizen engagement to another. The main contribution of the paper is to question the use of existing models which seek to represent the relationship between technology enablers and the adoption of e-government services without considering their impacts on citizens' engagement. The implications of the findings are discussed and useful insights are provided in relation to policy recommendations geared to create appropriate conditions to build citizens' engagement intent of use of e-government services. Collapse

Topics: government system perceived usefulness perceived ease of use behavioral intention website

Methods: survey qualitative interview survey design parametric test Student's t-test

Theories: technology acceptance model theory of reasoned action