How AI-Based Systems Can Induce Reflections: The Case of AI-Augmented Diagnostic Work

2023 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0

Authors: Abdel-Karim, Benjamin; Pfeuffer, Nicolas; Carl, K. Valerie; Hinz, Oliver

Abstract: This paper addresses a thus-far neglected dimension in human-artificial intelli ... Expand

Abstract: This paper addresses a thus-far neglected dimension in human-artificial intelligence (AI) augmentation: machine-induced reflections. By establishing a grounded theoretical-informed model of machine-induced reflection, we contribute to the ongoing discussion in information systems (IS) regarding AI and research on reflection theories. In our multistage study, physicians used a machine learning-based (ML) clinical decision support system (CDSS) to see if and how this interaction can stimulate reflective practice in the context of an X-ray diagnosis task. By analyzing verbal protocols, performance metrics, and survey data, we developed an integrative theoretical foundation to explain how ML-based systems can help stimulate reflective practice. Individuals engage in more critical or shallower modes depending on whether they perceive a conflict or agreement with these CDSS systems, which in turn leads to different levels of reflection depth. By uncovering the process of machine-induced reflections, we offer IS research a different perspective on how such AI-based systems can help individuals become more reflective, and consequently more effective, professionals. This perspective stands in stark contrast to the traditional, efficiency-focused view of MLbased decision support systems and also enriches theories on human-AI augmentation. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence decision making decision support system algorithmic transparency recommender system

Methods: cognitive walkthrough survey theory development qualitative interview Student's t-test

Theories: learning theory information systems theory theory of abduction

Workarounds as generative mechanisms for bottom-up process innovation—Insights from a multiple case study

2023 | Information Systems Journal | Citations: 0

Authors: Bartelheimer, Christian; Wolf, Verena; Beverungen, Daniel

Abstract: Workarounds are goal-driven deviations from the standard operating procedures pe ... Expand

Abstract: Workarounds are goal-driven deviations from the standard operating procedures performed to overcome obstacles constraining day-to-day work. Despite starting as temporary fixes, they can become established across an organisation and trigger the innovation of processes and IT artefacts that can resolve misfits permanently. Although prior research has elicited antecedents and types of workarounds, it is not known how workarounds diffuse in an organisation and, thereby, innovating co-workers' activities, IT artefacts, and organisational structures. The results of our multiple two-year case study provide unique empirical insights into the diffusion of workarounds and how they can act as generative mechanisms for bottom-up process innovation. Collapse

Topics: business process management innovation management business process innovation organization structure business process redesign

Methods: design artifact case study business process modeling qualitative interview qualitative coding

Theories: socio technical theory structuration theory

Attention to Digital Innovation: Exploring the Impact of a Chief Information Officer in the Top Management Team

2023 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0

Authors: Bendig, David; Wagner, Robin; Piening, Erk; Foege, Johann

Abstract: We draw on the attention-based view of the firm to examine whether and when the ... Expand

Abstract: We draw on the attention-based view of the firm to examine whether and when the presence of a CIO in the TMT has a positive effect on both firms' ideated digital innovation (IDI) (i.e., the intensity of firms' digital patenting activity) and commercialized digital innovation (CDI) (i.e., the digital sophistication of firms' new products). Building on the idea that attention processes are context dependent, we also explore the moderating roles of CEO characteristics (IT background and role tenure) as well as environmental characteristics (the industry's IT attention). We analyze data from a cross-industry panel of U.S. S&P 500 firms over eight years that includes up to 2,852 firm-year observations. The results indicate that CIO presence in the TMT is positively related to a firm's IDI and CDI. Furthermore, they show that the organizational context related to CEO characteristics moderates the CIO-CDI relationship and that the environmental context related to the industry's IT attention moderates the CIO-IDI relationship. Our research contributes to the information systems literature by providing robust evidence that CIO presence in the TMT positively influences a firm's digital innovation outcomes, showing how internal and external boundary conditions affect the work of CIOs, and elaborating the role of managerial attention as an underlying mechanism explaining digital innovation. Collapse

Topics: Chief Information Officer innovation management digital innovation research and development IT investment

Methods: regression analysis method theory development instrumental variables estimation Compustat descriptive statistic

Ethics, Power and Agency in Transnational Qualitative Methods: Remote Collaboration in a Refugee Camp Community Researchers

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Dahya, N.; Arvisais, O.; Ekmekcioglu, C.; Decarpentrie, L.; Badere Bellegie, B.; Mayanga Djafari, F.; Ishimwe, E.; Sasula, K.; Ndabaga, R.; Ndonji, G.

Abstract: This methodological paper discusses the ethical and power-based implications of ... Expand

Abstract: This methodological paper discusses the ethical and power-based implications of conducting remote and participatory research in a refugee camp in Malawi. This community-engaged project focused on education and technology. Half of the research team lives in Canada and half in the Dzaleka Refugee Camp. This paper reflects on this study, with a focus on remote partnership, team building with community researchers, and the use of digital tools to coordinate and manage data collection and analysis. We also identify where ethics and power are both disrupted and affirmed through participatory activities. Collapse

Topics: technology adoption information system use pandemic human computer interaction usability

Methods: qualitative interview field study personal interview ethnography

Theories: theory of affordance

The emergence of smart service ecosystems—The role of socio-technical antecedents and affordances

2023 | Information Systems Journal | Citations: 0

Authors: Herterich, Matthias M.; Dremel, Christian; Wulf, Jochen; vom Brocke, Jan

Abstract: As physical products are increasingly augmented with digital technology, manufac ... Expand

Abstract: As physical products are increasingly augmented with digital technology, manufacturing firms have become part of the development of so-called smart products and smart services. As such, manufacturing firms are challenged by new market participants and ecosystem partners, particularly from the software development industry, and by the dynamic nature of business relationships. While the academic literature on the distinctive characteristics of ecosystems, particularly digital ecosystems, is rich, the effect of smart service ecosystems' emergence on the foundation of smart products remains uncertain. This study reports on case study research based on 47 semi-structured interviews with four companies that participate in an industrial smart service ecosystem. Taking an affordance-theoretic perspective, we uncover the antecedents of and the process of emergent smart service ecosystems. We find that smart service ecosystems have three socio-technical antecedents: a shared worldview, structural flexibility and integrity, and architecture of participation. We explain the emergence of smart service ecosystems as the result of specialisation in shared affordances and integration of idiosyncratic affordances into collective affordances. We derive seven propositions regarding the emergence of smart services, outline opportunities for further research, and present practical guidelines for manufacturing firms. Collapse

Topics: affordance smart device value creation user experience innovation management

Methods: qualitative interview qualitative coding case study focus group personal interview

Theories: theory of affordance stakeholder theory service-dominant logic

Digitalization Drivers, Barriers, and Effects in Maritime Ports

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Karlsson, Mathias; Sandberg, Johan; Lind, Mikael

Abstract: Maritime transports play a vital role for several industries in enabling effici ... Expand

Abstract: Maritime transports play a vital role for several industries in enabling efficient and sustainable transportation of goods. Ports are central hubs in the transport chain since they connect the maritime and land-based transport systems. The central position of ports makes them critical enablers of efficiency through digital connectivity but also implies that they need to consider many types of participating agents with whom they form episodic tight couplings. However, the industry's digitalization level remains relatively low, and we know little of the challenges facing ports in increasing it. Through a case study of digitalization in Swedish small-and medium-sized ports handling different types of cargo and serving different types of transport modes, we identify key objectives and critical challenges underlying digitalization processes in ports. Collapse

Topics: information systems strategy information technology infrastructure telephone information exchange electronic mail

Methods: qualitative interview survey qualitative coding personal interview grounded theory

Building Adaptive Capacity for Volatile Business Environments: A Longitudinal Study of the Establishment of a Digital Innovation Unit

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Lorson, Annalena; Dremel, Christian; Uebernickel, Falk

Abstract: ... Expand

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Topics: digital transformation innovation management digital innovation analytical information system digital product

Methods: qualitative interview longitudinal research longitudinal case study grounded theory single case study

Theories: structuration theory social sciences theory

Industry 4.0 Technologies in Flexible Manufacturing for Sustainable Organizational Value: Reflections from a Multiple Case Study of Italian Manufacturers

2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0

Authors: Margherita, Emanuele Gabriel; Braccini, Alessio Maria

Abstract: In this study, we analyse the value creation of Industry 4.0 (I40) technologies ... Expand

Abstract: In this study, we analyse the value creation of Industry 4.0 (I40) technologies in flexible manufacturing (FM) under a sustainability perspective. I40 is a popular strategy that Western manufacturing organizations adopt to face competition from low-cost producers. Organizations adopting I40 use advanced digital technologies to make production processes more flexible and increasingly automated. Several pieces of evidence confirm how I40 leads to higher productivity and higher-quality products, improving the economic performance of organizations. However, increasing automation may also lead to the reduction of human labour in the production process, which may contribute to the disappearance of jobs, the reduction of expertise and the loss of know-how in manufacturing organizations. While the literature acknowledges the technical and economic advantages of I40, the sustainability of the value created through these technologies deserves further investigation. To address the gap, we complement the IT value theory with the concept of sustainability, including the three dimensions of economic, environmental and social sustainability. We perform a multiple case study analysis of four Italian manufacturing organizations that have successfully implemented I40 technologies in FM. The cases show that I40 technologies support sustainable organizational value when they are deployed with a worker-centric approach. In this condition, the organization leverages workforce activities to continuously fine-tune the technologies and to exploit the adaptive features of the technologies to continuously improve processes. Collapse

Topics: organizational value IS value tablet research and development resistance to change

Methods: qualitative interview case study field study multiple case study triangulation

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICT) IN BUILDING RESILIENCE ASPECTS IN CASE OF DISASTER?

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Oliveira, Mônica

Abstract: Due to climate change, hazardous events and disasters are going to become more ... Expand

Abstract: Due to climate change, hazardous events and disasters are going to become more frequent and intense, increasing disaster risk. Information Communication Technologies (ICT) can play a powerful role in building resilience in all the phases of the disaster cycle by stimulating collaboration and communication among different actors. However, there is a lack of studies that connect these fields of study. Thus, a resilient thinking approach that considers ICT and disaster is required to face these challenges. To identify resilience aspects promoted by ICT in case of disaster, this study conducted a content and bibliometric analysis, resulting in nineteen aspects. The findings contribute to the current discussion and help decision-makers in understanding how to implement an ICT that enhances resilience for communities affected by disasters. Collapse

Topics: knowledge management database system data integration IT investment information technology infrastructure

Methods: literature study literature sample bibliometric analysis conceptual analysis qualitative content analysis

Get the Crypto Crowd Going: Evaluating the Signaling Effect of Motivational Cues on Crowd Involvement

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Rammert, Michael; Kindermann, Bastian; Strese, Steffen

Abstract: Numerous blockchain projects employ open-source software development to create ... Expand

Abstract: Numerous blockchain projects employ open-source software development to create innovative solutions in collaboration with the crowd. They rely on the voluntary involvement of OSS developers from the crowd who follow several ideological tenets that shape their motivation. Yet, we lack knowledge on how blockchain projects can address the developers' motivation to increase the level of crowd involvement. We draw on a unique panel dataset with 1,893 observations to investigate the association between specific intrinsic and extrinsic motivational cues emitted by blockchain project initiators and crowd involvement. Based on signaling theory, we argue that the level of crowd involvement depends on the signal fit of project-initiated motivational cues with the developers' motivation. We find that higher levels of profit and human interest language relate negatively and higher levels of risk-taking and diversity language relate positively to crowd involvement. Further, our results show that lower quantity of electronic wordof-mouth strengthens these relationships. Collapse

Topics: blockchain online word of mouth word of mouth blog cryptocurrency

Methods: longitudinal research design methodology descriptive statistic regression analysis method qualitative content analysis

Theories: signaling theory lemon market theory