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“Collaborating” with AI: Taking a System View to Explore the Future of Work
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2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0
Authors: Anthony, Callen; Bechky, Beth A.; Fayard, Anne-Laure

Abstract: In the wake of media hype about artificial intelligence (AI)/human collaboration ... Expand

Abstract: In the wake of media hype about artificial intelligence (AI)/human collaboration, organizations are investing considerable resources into developing and using AI. In this paper, we draw on theories of technology in organizations to frame new directions for the study of what it means to work “with” AI. Drawing on prior literature, we consider how interactions between users and AI might unfold through theoretical lenses which cast technology as a tool and as a medium. Reflecting on how AI technologies diverge from technologies studied in the past, we propose a new perspective, which considers technology as a counterpart in a system of work that includes its design, implementation, and use. This perspective encourages developing a grounded understanding of how AI intersects with work, and therefore ethnography, building on thick descriptions, is an apt approach. We argue that relational ethnographic approaches can assist organization theorists in navigating the methodological challenges of taking a counterpart perspective and propose several strategies for future research. Collapse

Semantic filters: actor network theory

Topics: artificial intelligence spreadsheet human AI collaboration human computer interaction information system use

Methods: ethnography computational algorithm qualitative interview experiment theory development

Theories: theory of distributed cognition actor network theory
The appropriation of conversational AI in the workplace: A taxonomy of AI chatbot users
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2023 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0
Authors: Gkinko, Lorentsa; Elbanna, Amany

Abstract: There is an exponential growth of the use of AI applications in organisations. D ... Expand

Abstract: There is an exponential growth of the use of AI applications in organisations. Due to the machine learning capability of artificial intelligence (AI) applications, it is critical that such systems are used continuously in order to generate rich use data that allow them to learn, evolve and mature into a better fit for their user and organisational context. This research focuses on the actual use of conversational AI, in particular AI chatbot, as one type of workplace AI application to answer the research question: how do employees experience the use of an AI chatbot in their day-to-day work? Through a qualitative case study of a large international organisation and by performing an inductive analysis, the research uncovers the different ways in which users appropriate the AI chatbot and identifies two key dimensions that determine their type of use: the dominant mode of interaction and the understanding of the AI chatbot technology. Based on these dimensions, a taxonomy of users is presented, which classifies users of AI chatbots into four types: early quitters, pragmatics, progressives, and persistents. The findings contribute to the understanding of how conversational AI, particularly AI chatbots, is used in organi sations and pave the way for further research in this regard. The implications for practice are also discussed. Collapse

Semantic filters: actor network theory

Topics: artificial intelligence electronic mail social presence organizational context user experience

Methods: chatbot qualitative interview case study sentiment analysis personal interview

Theories: technological frames of reference adaptive structuration theory structuration theory actor network theory sociomaterialism theory
Guest Editorial: Affordances and Agency: A Clarification and Integration of Fractured Concepts

2023 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0
Authors: Leonardi, Paul

Abstract: As we stand at the dawn of the AI era, it is clear that scholars need to move q ... Expand

Abstract: As we stand at the dawn of the AI era, it is clear that scholars need to move quickly to understand how software that can generate new content based on its ability to learn from existing data and make decisions autonomously will affect how people work. Why do we need to move so quickly? Because the future is being written for us now by software engineers who are developing AIpowered applications and organizational leaders who are introducing them into their companies at a prodigious pace. We should take this statement seriously. As a student of technology and organizations, I am acutely aware that despite being social constructions (or perhaps because of it) early iterations of technologies and early organizational responses to them gain inertia fast. We settle into patterns that are reinforced by interpretations, norms, policies, contracts, and laws that lock us into certain trajectories that are difficult to change, even though they are of our own making. Unless scholars who study the role that technology plays in work and organizing can provide useful theories for how change is likely to unfold and with what consequences, they will not be able to shape decision-making and policy around AI development, implementation, and ongoing use. Collapse

Semantic filters: actor network theory

Topics: affordance social media usability artificial intelligence

Methods: literature sample theory development theoretical contribution design artifact literature study

Theories: theory of affordance structuration theory actor network theory sociomaterialism theory
Is #SDG13 Trending Online? Insights from Climate Change Discussions on Twitter
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2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0
Authors: Singh, Prabhsimran; Kaur, Surleen; Baabdullah, Abdullah M.; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Sharma, Sandeep; Sawhney, Ravinder Singh; Das, Ronnie

Abstract: Anthropogenic activities over the past few decades have led to increased vulnera ... Expand

Abstract: Anthropogenic activities over the past few decades have led to increased vulnerability of environmental and ecological stability on this planet. Accelerated climate change is one such subset of the environmental problems that threatens the very existence of humankind in twenty first century. Governments, United Nations (UN) and other humanitarian agencies across the globe have developed and devised strategies for climate action that requires grater public awareness and actions. Social media has played a vital role in information dissemination and raising public awareness of climate change in the digital era. To this aid, an upsurge has been documented in recent times regarding discussions over climate change with #SDG13 (Sustainable Development Goals) at its epicenter. Following the principles of Actor Network Theory (ANT) we analyzed a large volume of Twitter data to understand general citizens’ perception and attitude towards climate change. Our findings unveil people’s opinion on causes and concerns related to barriers of adopting a more sustainable consumption and lifestyle practice. There is also a growing apathy towards sluggish government actions that makes little difference. People were also found to exchange innovative concepts and measures towards mitigating the effects of climate change. Collapse

Semantic filters: actor network theory

Topics: Twitter climate change social media Sustainable Development Goal personality

Methods: parametric test qualitative content analysis Student's t-test statistical hypothesis test ANOVA

Theories: actor network theory theory of economic growth
“The Pokémon that Got Away”: Employing Actor-Network Theory to Unmask the Technology Actor in Cybernized Services

2022 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Lumivalo, Juuli; Tiilikainen, Sanna; Elo, Jenny

Abstract: Digitalization and emerging technologies have given rise to cybernized services ... Expand

Abstract: Digitalization and emerging technologies have given rise to cybernized services and a debate questioning the traditional Service-dominant logic (SDL) view of technology as a resource in service exchange. To date, little is known on the role of technology as a value co-creating (or co-destroying) actor in the context of services empowered by emerging technologies. Attaining an in-depth understanding of technology as an actor in cybernized service ecosystems is integral for practitioners and researchers alike to foster and investigate value co-creation in the sociotechnical interactions from the perspective of the involved human actors. To address this need, we unmask the technology actor by conducting a qualitative content analysis on in-depth laddering interviews with users of the Augmented Reality (AR) mobile game application Pokémon Go. Employing the Actor-Network Theory (ANT), we depict three emerging technology actor roles in service exchange and discuss their value cocreative/destructive implications to research and practice. Collapse

Semantic filters: actor network theory

Topics: participatory design mobile game mobile system value creation mobile application

Methods: design methodology qualitative interview qualitative content analysis archival research personal interview

Theories: actor network theory
Mechanisms of power inscription into IT governance: Lessons from two national digital identity systems
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2022 | Information Systems Journal | Citations: 1
Authors: Medaglia, Rony; Eaton, Ben; Hedman, Jonas; Whitley, Edgar A.

Abstract: Establishing IT governance arrangements is a deeply political process, where rel ... Expand

Abstract: Establishing IT governance arrangements is a deeply political process, where relationships of power play a crucial role. While the importance of power relationships is widely acknowledged in IS literature, specific mechanisms whereby the consequences of power relationships affect IT governance arrangements are still under-researched. This study investigates the way power relationships are inscribed in the governance of digital identity systems in Denmark and the United Kingdom, where public and private actors are involved. Drawing on the theoretical lens of circuits of power, we contribute to research on the role of power in IT governance by identifying two distinct mechanisms of power inscription into IT governance: power cultivation and power limitation. Collapse

Semantic filters: actor network theory

Topics: IT governance decision making procurement management web page systems development

Methods: case study qualitative coding theoretical contribution qualitative interview literature study

Theories: actor network theory
Merchants’ adoption of mobile payment in emerging economies: the case of unorganised retailers in India
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2022 | European Journal of Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Mishra, Vishal; Walsh, Isabelle; Srivastava, Ankur

Abstract: A substantial body of literature shows that in addition to increased convenience ... Expand

Abstract: A substantial body of literature shows that in addition to increased convenience, mobile payments may result in greater efficiency and contribute to digital and financial inclusion. Although researchers have paid a lot of attention to individual adoption of mobile payment, few studies investigate mobile adoption by businesses, especially unorganised businesses in developing countries. To address this research gap, we use an exploratory grounded theory approach to examine unorganised retailers in urban India. Using 56 semi-structured interviews with merchants, we highlight an emerging mobile payment ecosystem that includes technology value, regulatory bodies, non-regulatory bodies, and merchant dispositions. The data highlight power asymmetry in this ecosystem and show that time-varying interactions among its components determine merchants’ behaviour and resulting (non-) adoption. We find that not only are Indian regulatory bodies the most powerful influencers in the diffusion of this technology; they are also important market actors. This study provides insights into the process of technology adoption by unorganised businesses in India. Moreover, this study sheds light on the important link unorganised retailers create between businesses and bottom-of-the-pyramid consumers, as well as between the state and its marginalised citizens, thereby confirming that such retailers are indispensable partners in economic growth and technology-driven inclusion. Collapse

Semantic filters: actor network theory

Topics: electronic payment IS value technology adoption mobile system privacy

Methods: qualitative interview grounded theory personal interview literature study qualitative coding

Theories: technology acceptance theory theory of everything institutional theory technology acceptance model unified theory of acceptance and use of technology
Distributed IT championing: A process theory
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2022 | Journal of Information Technology | Citations: 0
Authors: Negoita, Bogdan; Rahrovani, Yasser; Lapointe, Liette; Pinsonneault, Alain

Abstract: Championing is key to the success of an IT implementation. Recently, changes in ... Expand

Abstract: Championing is key to the success of an IT implementation. Recently, changes in the nature of technologies used in organizational contexts and changing organizational structures call for a renewed focus on IT championing to explain its distributed nature. Following an analytic induction approach and drawing from semi-structured interviews with 37 practitioners (physicians, residents, nurses, IT staff, and administrators) in three healthcare-related settings, the study conceptualizes distributed IT championing as a process constituted of multiple individuals’ behaviors, unfolding over time, that proactively go beyond formal job requirements in support of an IT implementation. While multiple individuals may enact similar championing behaviors, the data indicate that multiple individuals may also enact distinct, yet complementary, championing behaviors over the course of the IT implementation. Overall, distributed IT championing evolves through cycles of distinct stages of bridging-in, bonding, and bridging-out, with each stage being shaped by different dimensions of social capital. Also, IT artifacts that are particularly generative appear more conducive to distributed IT championing than closed ones. This article contributes to extant literature on IT championing by developing a process model of distributed IT championing in the context of an IT implementation. Collapse

Semantic filters: actor network theory

Topics: systems implementation social capital IT workforce project management IT project

Methods: qualitative interview personal interview case study design artifact qualitative coding

Theories: actor network theory social capital theory
Improving the governance of information technology: Insights from the history of Internet governance
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2022 | Journal of Information Technology | Citations: 2
Authors: Pandey, Neena; Dé, Rahul; Ravishankar, MN

Abstract: Governance of the Internet is a matter of global importance and concern. The mu ... Expand

Abstract: Governance of the Internet is a matter of global importance and concern. The multi-stakeholder (MS) and multilateral (ML) forms have been presented as two competing and plausible models of Internet governance. Drawing on actor-network theory (ANT) and building on an interpretive case study of rich archival data, this paper examines how the focal actor's (i.e. the U.S. government's) beliefs influence the choice of Internet governance form. It further explores the strategies of the focal actor to translate the interests of the ML network's supporters, with a view to enrolling them in the MS governance network. The analysis shows how the focal actor has established the MS governance form through the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) as an Obligatory Passage Point to keep the Internet successfully operational. The analysis also illuminates the combination of structural and collaborative strategies employed to allay the growing dissatisfaction with the MS governance form. The paper suggests that whilst the protocols and technical standards of the Internet are increasingly relegated to the background, the social and political network that Internet artefacts draw together in a meta-form has grown in prominence. It also argues that there may be a hierarchy of beliefs, which influence how actors enact their translation strategies. Finally, the paper discusses parallels between the MS/ML forms of Internet governance and IT governance in organizational contexts. Collapse

Semantic filters: actor network theory

Topics: IT governance internet technology organizational context IS impact email spam

Methods: archival research design artifact case study structured literature research literature study

Theories: actor network theory
From Lock-In to Transformation: A Path-Centric Theory of Emerging Technology and Organizing
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2022 | Organization Science | Citations: 0
Authors: Pentland, Brian T.; Yoo, Youngjin; Recker, Jan; Kim, Inkyu

Abstract: We offer a path-centric theory of emerging technology and organizing that addres ... Expand

Abstract: We offer a path-centric theory of emerging technology and organizing that addresses a basic question. When does emerging technology lead to transformative change? A path-centric perspective on technology focuses on the patterns of actions afforded by technology in use. We identify performing and patterning as self-reinforcing mechanisms that shape patterns of action in the domain of emerging technology and organizing. We use a dynamic simulation to show that performing and patterning can lead to a wide range of trajectories, from lock-in to transformation, depending on how emerging technology in use influences the pattern of action. When emerging technologies afford new actions that can be flexibly recombined to generate new paths, decisive transformative effects are more likely. By themselves, new affordances are not likely to generate transformation. We illustrate this theory with examples from the practice of pharmaceutical drug discovery. The path-centric perspective offers a new way to think about generativity and the role of affordances in organizing. Collapse

Semantic filters: actor network theory

Topics: affordance technology adoption marketing management information system use user experience

Methods: simulation theory development cluster analysis field study time series analysis

Theories: theory of affordance actor network theory sociomaterialism theory

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Found 255 articles

“Collaborating” with AI: Taking a System View to Explore the Future of Work

The appropriation of conversational AI in the workplace: A taxonomy of AI chatbot users

Guest Editorial: Affordances and Agency: A Clarification and Integration of Fractured Concepts

Is #SDG13 Trending Online? Insights from Climate Change Discussions on Twitter

“The Pokémon that Got Away”: Employing Actor-Network Theory to Unmask the Technology Actor in Cybernized Services

Mechanisms of power inscription into IT governance: Lessons from two national digital identity systems

Merchants’ adoption of mobile payment in emerging economies: the case of unorganised retailers in India

Distributed IT championing: A process theory

Improving the governance of information technology: Insights from the history of Internet governance

From Lock-In to Transformation: A Path-Centric Theory of Emerging Technology and Organizing