Conducting Design Science Research in Society 5.0 – Proposal of an Explainable Artificial Intelligence Research Methodology

2023 | DESRIST | Citations: 0

Authors: Daase, Christian; Turowski, Klaus

Abstract: Every technological or scientific advance is accompanied by a change in social s ... Expand

Abstract: Every technological or scientific advance is accompanied by a change in social structures, moral concepts, laws and education. As more and more people gain access to the digital world and the technical possibilities increase at the same rate, the excitement to carry out computer-based engineering projects increases. This in turn leads to an elevated demand for appropriate design-oriented methodologies, especially from the field of design science research (DSR), which in a sense democratize digital engineering. The idea of Society 5.0 is one of the major shifts in perspective on the role of technology, humans and their interaction in a shared living world. As a core component, artificial intelligence (AI), together with the Internet of things and big data analytics, is expected to have the most significant impact on the transformation toward smart societies. In this study, a systematic literature review of a total of 137 published articles addressing AI projects using DSR methodologies is conducted with the purpose of establishing a unified methodology for explainable AI-focused DSR projects. The proposed methodology further takes into account the particularities of AI at the varying advanced levels of artificial narrow intelligence (ANI) to the presumed necessities for approaching artificial general intelligence (AGI), which has not yet been fully realized. By allowing AI researchers to rely on a generalized methodological approach, the gap between behavioral science and design science is bridged, with the former laying the foundation for understanding living reality and the latter developing the means to mimic that reality as part of artificiality. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence explainable artificial intelligence database system artificial general intelligence

Methods: design science design methodology structured literature research literature sample

AI Labor Markets: Toward a Dynamic Skills-Based Approach to Measurement

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Kim, Jeongmin; Rai, Arun; Lin, Yu-Kai

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the nature of work and reshaping l ... Expand

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the nature of work and reshaping labor markets. Viewing labor as a bundle of skills, recent research has analyzed AI skills and offered important insights about the impacts of AI on labor markets. We add to this ongoing discourse and argue that taking a dynamic skill-based approach to measurement is critical: just like the development of AI is emergent and ever-evolving, so are AI skills. Taking stock of the literature, we show that existing studies tend to take a static approach to measuring AI skills, which fails to fully reflect the dynamic phenomenon of AI skills and could cause measurement errors. We propose a dynamic co-occurrence method and demonstrate that it performs better than the extant static methods, which can cause severe Type I and II errors, omit emerging AI skills, and temporally over-and underestimate the demands for AI skills and jobs. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence online labor market artificial general intelligence expert system

Methods: literature study machine learning robustness check artificial neural network natural language processing

Blockchain from the information systems perspective: Literature review, synthesis, and directions for future research

2023 | Information & Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Lei, Chun Fong; Ngai, Eric W.T.

Abstract: This paper profiled blockchain studies in information systems (IS) journals from ... Expand

Abstract: This paper profiled blockchain studies in information systems (IS) journals from 2016 to 2022. Drawing on the 443 selected articles from 77 IS journals, we proposed a classification scheme from the IS perspective. Current blockchain articles are highly skewed, focusing on research agendas and system design. We proposed a theo­ retical framework by summarizing the current status of the blockchain literature and highlighting 15 future research questions for the IS research community. We are optimistic that the proposed framework and future research questions can guide blockchain research and advance its scale and impact. Collapse

Topics: blockchain innovation management systems design IS discipline database system

Methods: literature study structured literature research literature sample case study simulation

Theories: information systems theory social network theory

What Makes AI Different? Exploring Affordances and Constraints - The Case of Auditing

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Yang, Jiaqi; Marrone, Mauricio; Amrollahi, Alireza

Abstract: This study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the differences betwee ... Expand

Abstract: This study aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the differences between classic IT and AI artefacts. To achieve this objective, the study employs a grounded theory literature review approach and analyses 81 papers related to the application of classic IT and AI artefacts in the auditing industry. Drawing on the Technology Affordances and Constraints Theory, we examine the actions that can be potentially enabled or restricted by using classic IT and AI artefacts. This analysis allows us to conceptualise and compare the affordances and constraints associated with these two types of artefacts. The study addresses the need for more research on AI from both social and technical perspectives. Our findings may facilitate practitioners in improving their business processes and promoting effective collaboration between humans and AI. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence affordance auditing information system artificial general intelligence weak AI

Methods: machine learning literature study image processing business process modeling design artifact

Theories: theory of affordance

Cognitive automation

2022 | Electronic Markets | Citations: 6

Authors: Engel, Christian; Ebel, Philipp; Leimeister, Jan Marco

Abstract: Facilitated by AI technology, the phenomenon of cognitive automation extends the ... Expand

Abstract: Facilitated by AI technology, the phenomenon of cognitive automation extends the scope of deterministic business process automation (BPA) through the probabilistic automation of knowledge and service work. By transforming work systems through cognitive automation, organizations are provided with vast strategic opportunities to gain business value. However, research lacks a unified conceptual lens on cognitive automation, which hinders scientific progress. Thus, based on a Systematic Literature Review, we describe the fundamentals of cognitive automation and provide an integrated conceptualization. We provide an overview of the major BPA approaches such as workflow management, robotic process automation, and Machine Learning-facilitated BPA while emphasizing their complementary relationships. Furthermore, we show how the phenomenon of cognitive automation can be instantiated by Machine Learning-facilitated BPA systems that operate along the spectrum of lightweight and heavyweight IT implementations in larger IS ecosystems. Based on this, we describe the relevance and opportunities of cognitive automation in Information Systems research. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence process automation system robotic process automation database system decision making

Methods: business process modeling machine learning structured literature research literature study deep learning

Theories: probability theory

AI-based Conversational Agents for Customer Service – A Study of Customer Service Representative’ Perceptions Using TAM 2

2022 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Sonntag, Martin; Mehmann, Jens; Teuteberg, Frank

Abstract: This study aimed to identify the various factors that may influence customer ser ... Expand

Abstract: This study aimed to identify the various factors that may influence customer service representatives’ perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI)-based conversational agents (CAs) for customer service. By analyzing 180 publications, a conceptual research model is developed for identifying the factors that may influence customer service representatives’ perceptions of AI-based CAs for customer service. The underlying conceptual research model comprises ten factors. The study is grounded in the application of the Technology Acceptance Model 2 (TAM 2) approach. The research model is empirically evaluated with survey data from 128 participants. Our results show that the direct positive effect of subjective norm on customer service representatives’ perception of using AIbased CAs in customer service decreases with increasing experience. Moreover, our results reveal new insights regarding trust. The results of this study provide an overview of the predominant characteristics of the influencing factors of customer service representatives’ perceptions of AI-based CAs for customer service. Collapse

Topics: customer service artificial intelligence perceived ease of use data quality weak AI

Methods: survey data transformation literature sample factor analysis exploratory factor analysis

Theories: technology acceptance model

Machine learning in information systems - a bibliographic review and open research issues

2021 | Electronic Markets | Citations: 0

Authors: Abdel-Karim, Benjamin M.; Pfeuffer, Nicolas; Hinz, Oliver

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are currently hot topics ... Expand

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are currently hot topics in industry and business practice, while management-oriented research disciplines seem reluctant to adopt these sophisticated data analytics methods as research instruments. Even the Information Systems (IS) discipline with its close connections to Computer Science seems to be conservative when conducting empirical research endeavors. To assess the magnitude of the problem and to understand its causes, we conducted a bibliographic review on publications in high-level IS journals. We reviewed 1,838 articles that matched corresponding keyword-queries in journals from the AIS senior scholar basket, Electronic Markets and Decision Support Systems (Ranked B). In addition, we conducted a survey among IS researchers (N = 110). Based on the findings from our sample we evaluate different potential causes that could explain why ML methods are rather underrepresented in top-tier journals and discuss how the IS discipline could successfully incorporate ML methods in research undertakings. Collapse

Topics: database system decision support system electronic market IS discipline accounting

Methods: literature study computational algorithm survey bibliometric analysis literature sample

Moving Beyond Rule-Based Automation: A Method for Assessing Cognitive Automation Use Cases

2021 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Engel, Christian; Elshan, Edona; Ebel, Philipp

Abstract: Facilitated by Artificial Intelligence technology, cognitive automation means t ... Expand

Abstract: Facilitated by Artificial Intelligence technology, cognitive automation means to front and back offices what the pervasive automation through physical machinery and robots meant to production plants. Thus, we can automate tasks and processes that were unimaginable to be automated one decade ago. However, organizational adoption of cognitive automation is way below its possibilities, as this novel class of automation technology is perceived to be risky by organizations. This demands structured approaches for assessing the suitability of use cases for cognitive automation. Following the Design Science Research paradigm, we develop a method for assessing cognitive automation use cases. This enables practitioners to make more informed decisions on selecting, specifying, and embedding cognitive automation use cases in their organizations. For researchers, the method serves as a conceptual frame, which they can adapt to guide their empirical research or to use it for developing future decision support to shape the future of work. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence system support organizational context task productivity usability

Methods: action research qualitative interview qualitative coding design artifact design science

Theories: process virtualization theory

Artificial intelligence in E-commerce fulfillment: A case study of resource orchestration at Alibaba’s Smart Warehouse

2021 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Zhang, Dan; Pee, L.G.; Cui, Lili

Abstract: Despite heightened interest, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into busin ... Expand

Abstract: Despite heightened interest, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into businesses remains challenging. Recent surveys show that up to 85 % of AI initiatives ultimately fail to deliver on their promises. Studies on successful AI applications that could provide invaluable lessons for organizations embarking on their AI journey are still lacking. Therefore, this study aims to understand how AI technology, people, and processes should be managed to successfully create value. Building on the resource orchestration perspective, this study analyzes the successful applications of AI at Alibaba’s e-commerce fulfillment center. The findings indicate that the key AI resources include data, AI algorithms, and robots. These resources must be orchestrated (e.g., coordinated, leveraged, deployed) to work with other related resources, such as warehouse facilities and existing information systems, to generate strong AI capabilities. The key AI capabilities generated include forecasting, planning, and learning. More importantly, AI capabilities are not independent – they interact and coevolve with human capabilities to create business value in terms of efficiency (e.g., space optimization, labor productivity) and effectiveness (e.g., error reduction). The implications of understanding these social informatics of AI for research and practice are discussed. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence robotic electronic commerce business process management organizational productivity

Methods: case study computational algorithm qualitative interview survey field study

Theories: co-evolution theory

THE HUMANS BEHIND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE – AN OPERATIONALISATION OF AI COMPETENCIES

2020 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Anton, Eduard; Behne, Alina; Teuteberg, Frank

Abstract: Despite the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) proficiency as a determi ... Expand

Abstract: Despite the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) proficiency as a determinant for AI adoption, there remains a lack of empirical research studying competencies needed to leverage AI effectively. This paper addresses this research gap with a mixed methods approach. First, we conduct a qualitative content analysis of the practical and scientific literature to derive and structure the existing body of knowledge. We subsequently perform a quantitative content analysis of 9,247 job advertisements. We merge the results using a triangulation approach and a) present a comprehensive overview of key technical and managerial competencies essential for implementing and utilising AI on an individual level, b) highlight the demand for AI-related competencies in the three occupational fields Data Science and Engineering, Software Engineering and Development, and Business Development and Sales, and c) underline the need to adapt workforce competencies to a labour market transformation induced by AI. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence IT skill systems development programming language digital transformation

Methods: qualitative content analysis mixed method triangulation topic model Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining