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Symbolic Shareholder Democracy: Toward a Behavioral Understanding of the Role of Shareholder Voting in CEO Dismissals
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2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0
Authors: Andrei, Alina G.; van Oosterhout, J. (Hans); Sauerwald, Steve

Abstract: We investigate the effect of expressive shareholder dissent voting, in which sha ... Expand

Abstract: We investigate the effect of expressive shareholder dissent voting, in which shareholders use their votes symbolically to express their discontent with management, on subsequent chief executive officer (CEO) dismissals. Using the routine but highly symbolic executive board discharge proposal voted on at the annual shareholder meetings of German firms, we argue that the board of directors understands these votes as a “vote of confidence in management” that challenges the CEO’s mandate to lead the firm. Arguing that board chairs are uniquely positioned to take up the stance of a steward of the firm and its leadership, we examine how independent and family board chairs moderate the board’s response to expressive voting dissent. Using a sample of German public firms over the period 2008–2015, we find that expressive voting dissent increases the chance of CEO dismissal increasingly with the level of dissent expressed. Contrary to prevailing agency theoretical expectations, we do not find that independent chairs are more responsive to expressive voting dissent, nor that this relationship is strengthened by the degree of minority institutional investor ownership of the firm. Consistent with the symbolic perspective on shareholder voting that we seek to develop, however, we find that family chairs are more likely to lead the board to dismiss the CEO due to the intrinsic disvalue they incur from symbolic leadership legitimacy challenges in their firms, and that the positive effect of having a family chair on the dissent induced chance of CEO dismissal is strengthened by the level of family ownership in the firm. Funding: A University of Illinois at Chicago Summer Research Grant is gratefully acknowledged for S. Sauerwald. Collapse

Semantic filters: behavioral theory

Topics: corporate governance financial performance accounting organizational productivity

Methods: theory development statistical hypothesis test post-hoc analysis longitudinal research survival analysis

Theories: stewardship theory behavioral theory
An Adversarial Dance: Toward an Understanding of Insiders’ Responses to Organizational Information Security Measures
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2023 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Balozian, Puzant; Burns, A.; Leidner, Dorothy

Abstract: Despite the increased focus on organizational security policies and programs, s ... Expand

Abstract: Despite the increased focus on organizational security policies and programs, some employees continue to engage in maladaptive responses to security measures (i.e., behaviors other than those recommended, intended, or prescribed). To help shed light on insiders' adaptive and maladaptive responses to IS security measures, we conducted a case study of an organization at the forefront of security policy initiatives. Drawing on the beliefs-actions-outcomes (BAO) model to analyze our case data, we uncover a potentially nonvirtuous cycle consisting of security-related beliefs, actions, and outcomes, which we refer to as an "adversarial dance." Explaining our results, we describe a novel belief framework that identifies four security belief profiles and uncovers an underexplored outcome of IS security: insiders' lived security experiences. We find that individuals' unfavorable lived security experiences produce counterproductive security-related beliefs that, in turn, lead to maladaptive behaviors. Maladaptive behaviors create new potential for security risk, leading to increased organizational security measures to counter them. Thus, the adversarial dance continues, as the new security measures have the potential to reinforce counterproductive security-related beliefs about the importance and risk of IS security and lead to new maladaptive behaviors. To help situate our findings within the current security literature, we integrate the results with prior research based on extant theories. While this paper is not the first to suggest that security measures can elicit maladaptive behaviors, the emergent belief framework and expanded BAO model of IS security constitute an important contribution to the behavioral IS security literature.Puzant Balozian is an assistant professor of computer information systems at James Madison University. His research focus is primarily on the impacts of organizational factors on individual user behaviors in the context of information security and privacy and addressing security policy compliance and violation. Collapse

Semantic filters: behavioral theory

Topics: IT security IT security defense productivity IT security threat anonymity

Methods: case study qualitative interview personal interview theory development survey

Theories: information systems theory neutralization theory behavioral theory
Influencer is the New Recommender: insights for Theorising Social Recommender Systems
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2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0
Authors: Bawack, Ransome Epie; Bonhoure, Emilie

Abstract: Designing theory-driven social recommender systems (SRSs) has been a significant ... Expand

Abstract: Designing theory-driven social recommender systems (SRSs) has been a significant research challenge for over a decade. This study aims to identify behavioural factors that could improve the persuasiveness and quality of recommendations made by SRSs. Given both research streams’ striking similarity, it uses the recent yet rich research on social media influencers (SMI) to inform SRS research. Drawing on 72 publications, we classified 52 independent variables into 12 categories regrouped into three broad categories that characterise the relationships between the consumer and the (i) recommender system, (ii) product or brand, and (iii) and advert. The metanalysis results determined the relative importance of each category in predicting purchase intentions, placing recommender credibility and attitude towards the recommended product or brand at the top of the charts. Our findings are expected to facilitate more refined theory-building efforts and theory-driven designs in SRS research and practice. Collapse

Semantic filters: behavioral theory

Topics: advertising management database system Twitter TikTok IS discipline

Methods: literature study theory development computational algorithm descriptive statistic sensitivity analysis

Theories: social learning theory behavioral theory theory of planned behavior
“Dear CEO and Board”: How Activist Investors’ Confidence in Tone Influences Campaign Success
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2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0
Authors: Brauer, Matthias; Wiersema, Margarethe; Binder, Philipp

Abstract: Activist hedge funds represent the most potent form of financial activism. Yet w ... Expand

Abstract: Activist hedge funds represent the most potent form of financial activism. Yet we do not fully understand how these activist investors, despite holding only a small stake in target firms, are able to influence management and the board to acquiesce to their demands, especially given the large uncertainty that their demands will improve shareholder value. Building on impression management (IM) theory, we propose that activist investors who express their concerns and demands with high confidence in their letters to target firms are likely to be perceived as knowledgeable and competent by the firm’s other shareholders, thus influencing the response of the firm’s management and board. In support of this theoretical proposition, results of our empirical analysis of 475 U.S. activist campaigns against U.S. companies between 2007 and 2019 suggest that confidence in tone in an activist’s letter, as a form of self-promotion, is positively associated with campaign success. We also observe that the positive association between confidence in tone in activist letters and campaign success is less for activists with greater success in prior campaigns and in campaigns with multiple activists. Our paper contributes to financial activism research by showing that activists’ verbal impression management can serve as an effective influence tactic in their campaigns. Our study also contributes to the emerging research stream on verbal IM by introducing a language attribute, confidence in tone, that has not been studied in management research and is distinct from past constructs examined in verbal IM research. Collapse

Semantic filters: behavioral theory

Topics: corporate governance strategic management organizational productivity decision making database system

Methods: descriptive statistic qualitative content analysis theory development linguistic analysis regression analysis method

Theories: behavioral theory
Defensive Cyber Maneuvers to Disrupt Cyber Attackers

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0
Authors: Mckneely, Jennifer; Sell, Tara; Straub, Kathleen; Thomas, Daniel

Abstract: erimeter based defenses are limited in deterring and defeating cyberattacks. Mul ... Expand

Abstract: erimeter based defenses are limited in deterring and defeating cyberattacks. Multi-layered approaches are needed to provide robust cybersecurity and defend against Advanced Persistent Threats. Proactive defensive cyber actions can provide positional or temporal advantages over an adversary in the cognitive, technical, and physical domains. These actions comprise cyber maneuvers, which are implemented reconfigurations to a network that aim to make attackers more visible and detectable, impede attacker progress, and reduce attackers’ chances of mission success. Technical actions and response are the primary focus of most current cyber defense frameworks with little attention on adversary behavioral and cognitive effects. We describe the enhanced cyber maneuver framework which addresses cognitive and behavioral responses to cyber effects. We present experimental results that demonstrate the framework and a testing approach to collect supporting findings on the effects of cyber maneuvers. Collapse

Semantic filters: behavioral theory

Topics: decision making user experience video conference virtual private network

Methods: qualitative interview experiment simulation digital trace data personal interview

Theories: behavioral theory
Changebots - Designing Chatbots to Support Blood Donor Behaviour Change

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Müller, Helena; Reuter-Oppermann, Melanie

Abstract: Even though blood products cannot be produced artificially, but are important f ... Expand

Abstract: Even though blood products cannot be produced artificially, but are important for many surgeries and treatments, less than 1 % of the population donates blood in countries like South Africa or Ghana. Therefore, efficient and successful blood donor mobilisation and management are important. We argue that a chatbot offers easy access to information for all types of donors and can support the transition of non-, first-time or lapsed donors to regular donors. By applying the design science research methodology, we have developed a chatbot for all donor types in South Africa and Ghana. We performed two design cycles, collaborating with experts from three blood services and grounding our research on existing and derived behavioural change models. The chatbot was positively evaluated in two workshops that included focus group discussions and online surveys. Collapse

Semantic filters: behavioral theory

Topics: Google+ website usability mobile application conversational agent

Methods: chatbot survey design science design artifact design principle

Theories: behavioral theory
Prospective Physicians' Intention to Adopt Artificial Intelligence: A Configurational Perspective

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0
Authors: Pare, G.; Raymond, L.; Castonguay, A.; Wagner, G.

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) drives transformation across medical specialities, ... Expand

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) drives transformation across medical specialities, requiring current and future generations of physicians to navigate everchanging digital environments. In this context, prospective physicians will play a key role in adopting and applying AI-based health technologies, underlining the importance of understanding their knowledge, attitudes, and intentions toward AI. To dissociate corresponding profiles, we adopted a configurational perspective and conducted a two-stage survey study of 184 ( 0 ) and 138 ( 1 ) medical students at a Canadian medical school. Our principal findings corroborate the existence of distinct clusters in respondents' AI profiles. We refer to these profiles as the AI unfamiliar, the AI educated, and the AI positive, showing that each profile is associated with different intentions towards future AI use. These exploratory insights on the variety of AI profiles in prospective physicians underline the need for targeted and adaptive measures of education and outreach. Collapse

Semantic filters: behavioral theory

Topics: artificial intelligence behavioral intention health information system pandemic explainable artificial intelligence

Methods: survey cluster analysis ANOVA parametric test regression analysis method

Theories: behavioral theory technology acceptance model
Understanding Online Music Piracy Behavior via Private Communication Channels
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2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0
Authors: Park, Soomin; Moon, Junghoon; Rhee, Cheul; Choe, Young-Chan

Abstract: In this study, we developed and tested a theoretical model to understand online ... Expand

Abstract: In this study, we developed and tested a theoretical model to understand online music piracy behavior via email and instant messaging. We developed this theoretical model by drawing on a comprehensive literature review on music piracy, theory of reasoned action, social identity, and the deterrence theory. We collected primary data to test the hypotheses, and the results from the partial least squares analyses suggest attitude toward music file-sharing behavior and social identity positively affect intention to pirate music, whereas the perceived severity and certainty of punishment do not have significant effects on the attitude. The findings highlight the important role of social identity when a theoretical model with the concept explains music file-sharing behavior without monetary benefits in return. Collapse

Semantic filters: behavioral theory

Topics: social identity digital piracy electronic mail social media online chat

Methods: partial least squares regression survey structural equation modeling survey design literature study

Theories: deterrence theory theory of reasoned action behavioral theory
Delays Impair Learning and Can Drive Convergence to Inefficient Strategies
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2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0
Authors: Rahmandad, Hazhir; Gary, Michael Shayne

Abstract: With so many possible choices, why do managers adopt the strategies they do? We ... Expand

Abstract: With so many possible choices, why do managers adopt the strategies they do? We identify delays between adopting a strategy and observing the full implications of that choice as a critical factor influencing strategic choices. Using a simulation of a service firm, we conduct two behavioral experiments to investigate how delays interact with outcome uncertainty to shape learning, strategy adaptation, and performance outcomes. Two mechanisms emerge from how different subject groups perceive, react to, and learn in the presence of delayed feedback and uncertainty. First, when multiple viable strategies exist, longer delays lead both general participants and experienced managers toward alternatives that have rapid returns. When those alternatives are suboptimal, delays may strengthen convergence to inefficient strategies. Second, delays and uncertainty may also induce learners to persist with their a priori strategies. Managers show larger confidence in their priors and thus underperform general participants when the underlying task structure diverges from those priors. Both mechanisms can undermine performance. Moreover, delays and uncertainty may reduce heterogeneity in strategies and performance in more dynamic, uncertain environments, leading to convergence as tasks grow more complex and where decision makers possess similar priors.History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.Funding: Funding from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and UNSW Business School supported this research.Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.1405. Collapse

Semantic filters: behavioral theory

Topics: human resource management decision making social influence advertising management

Methods: experiment simulation statistical power analysis statistical hypothesis test experimental task

Theories: behavioral theory
Perceived Fairness of Human Managers Compared with Artificial Intelligence in Employee Performance Evaluation
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2023 | Journal of Management Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Qin, Shaojun; Jia, Nan; Luo, Xueming; Liao, Chengcheng; Huang, Ziyao

Abstract: Human managers are increasingly challenged by artificial intelligence (AI) techn ... Expand

Abstract: Human managers are increasingly challenged by artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in performing managerial functions. We undertook a field experiment that used AI vis-à-vis human managers to perform structured, data-intensive evaluations of employee performance. We generate two sets of insights. First, employees considered AI to be both fairer and more accurate in evaluating their performance than the average human manager. Second, to catch up with AI, human managers' fairness perceived by employees played a first-order role by (a) helping human managers, to a greater extent than those managers' evaluation accuracy, to close the performance gap of the employees evaluated by them compared with that of those evaluated by AI, and (b) constraining the effect of human managers' perceived accuracy of evaluations on employees' performance. Thus, facing the competition from AI, it is all the more important for human managers to treat employees fairly and build positive interpersonal relationships with employees. Collapse

Semantic filters: behavioral theory

Topics: artificial intelligence individual productivity implicit knowledge electronic finance organization learning

Methods: experiment survey field experiment computational algorithm survey design

Theories: organizational theory behavioral theory

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Found 153 articles

Symbolic Shareholder Democracy: Toward a Behavioral Understanding of the Role of Shareholder Voting in CEO Dismissals

An Adversarial Dance: Toward an Understanding of Insiders’ Responses to Organizational Information Security Measures

Influencer is the New Recommender: insights for Theorising Social Recommender Systems

“Dear CEO and Board”: How Activist Investors’ Confidence in Tone Influences Campaign Success

Defensive Cyber Maneuvers to Disrupt Cyber Attackers

Changebots - Designing Chatbots to Support Blood Donor Behaviour Change

Prospective Physicians' Intention to Adopt Artificial Intelligence: A Configurational Perspective

Understanding Online Music Piracy Behavior via Private Communication Channels

Delays Impair Learning and Can Drive Convergence to Inefficient Strategies

Perceived Fairness of Human Managers Compared with Artificial Intelligence in Employee Performance Evaluation