DrugExBERT for Pharmacovigilance – A Novel Approach for Detecting Drug Experiences from User-Generated Content

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Bohnen, Eva; Erlebach, Stefanie; Zimmermann, Steffen

Abstract: Pharmaceutical companies have to maintain drug safety through pharmacovigilance ... Expand

Abstract: Pharmaceutical companies have to maintain drug safety through pharmacovigilance systems by monitoring various sources of information about adverse drug experiences. Recently, user-generated content (UGC) has emerged as a valuable source of real-world drug experiences, posing new challenges due to its high volume and variety. We present DrugExBERT, a novel approach to extract adverse drug experiences (adverse reaction, lack of effect) and supportive drug experiences (effectiveness, intervention, indication, and off-label use) from UGC. To be able to verify the extracted drug experiences, DrugExBERT additionally provides explications in the form of UGC phrases that were critical for the extraction. In our evaluation, we demonstrate that DrugExBERT outperforms state-of-the-art pharmacovigilance approaches as well as ChatGPT on several performance measures and that DrugExBERT is data-and drug-agnostic. Thus, our novel approach can help pharmaceutical companies meet their legal obligations and ethical responsibility while ensuring patient safety and monitoring drug effectiveness. Collapse

Topics: health information system application programming interface generative AI database system

Methods: chatGPT natural language processing RoBERTa BERT machine learning

A Rising Tide Lifts All Boats: The Effects of Common Ownership on Corporate Social Responsibility

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: DesJardine, Mark R.; Grewal, Jody; Viswanathan, Kala

Abstract: Common owners face an incredible investment challenge: managing systematic risk. ... Expand

Abstract: Common owners face an incredible investment challenge: managing systematic risk. Because common owners hold shares in multiple firms across an industry, an action (or inaction) by one firm that affects industry peers is felt more severely by common owners than by non-common owners. Research has largely focused on common owners’ role in orchestrating competitive dynamics among their portfolio firms, with almost no empirical investigation of how common owners manage systematic risk. Drawing on research showing that one firm’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) can produce positive spillovers for peer firms and that its irresponsibility can harm its peers, we argue that common owners increase firms’ CSR to produce spillovers that reduce systematic risk and multiply their investment returns. Consistent with our theory, we find that common ownership is positively associated with firm CSR. Unpacking that relationship, we find that increases in CSR are driven by common owners with long-term orientations and are concentrated in stakeholder sensitive industries, in which CSR spillovers are most economically impactful. We also find that common owners focus their efforts on financially material CSR over financially immaterial CSR. We use a natural experiment with a quasi-exogenous shock to rule out alternative explanations. Our study contributes to literatures on the antecedents of CSR and outcomes of common ownership, providing a new perspective on how common owners shape corporate strategic behavior. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1620. Collapse

Topics: Chief Information Officer accounting corporate governance corporate social responsibility database system

Methods: descriptive statistic longitudinal research theory development difference in differences experimental group

Is Your Organization Ready to Share? A Framework of Beneficial Conditions for Data Sharing

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Fassnacht, Marcel; Benz, Carina; Leimstoll, Jannis; Satzger, Gerhard

Abstract: In a constantly evolving digital sphere, surmounting organizational boundaries ... Expand

Abstract: In a constantly evolving digital sphere, surmounting organizational boundaries and sharing data offers the opportunity to realize a multitude of mutual benefits, such as advanced analytics and innovative services. Organizations aspire to share data. However, they struggle to identify and establish beneficial conditions for data sharing, and research still offers little support to exploit the potential of data sharing. We apply an exploratory research approach to develop a framework of beneficial conditions for data sharing. By combining ten expert interviews and a systematic literature review, we aggregate 23 characteristics that constitute beneficial conditions into eight categories and apply and validate the framework in a real-world case. Thus, we contribute to research by providing a fundamental understanding of beneficial conditions for data sharing and a compact target picture. Additionally, we enable practitioners to systematically assess an organization's current condition to set the course toward exploiting the full potential of data sharing. Collapse

Topics: human resource management data governance database system data literacy digital ecosystem

Methods: qualitative interview structured literature research focus group literature study qualitative coding

Theories: theory of everything

THE DIGITAL INNOVATION UNIT: A SILVER BULLET FOR MANAGING THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION?

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Haskamp, Thomas; Raabe, Jun-Patrick; Barthel, Philipp; Schirmer, Ingrid

Abstract: We propose a research agenda on digital innovation units (DIUs) that refines th ... Expand

Abstract: We propose a research agenda on digital innovation units (DIUs) that refines the current -mainly descriptive-body of knowledge. Receiving great attention in practice, DIUs are dedicated organizational units that support and partly drive digital transformation in incumbent firms by leveraging new structures and practices that differ from those existing in the organization, aiming to promote various aspects of digital innovation. Utilizing DIU knowledge from a theoretical literature review, the resulting research agenda assists in structuring the field by synthesizing and connecting the partly isolated knowledge chunks. We illustrate a coherent picture of theorizing DIUs using Whetten's building blocks of theory. Researchers can draw on our findings to understand the emerging phenomenon of DIUs and use them as a stencil for future DIU research. It simultaneously may guide practitioners to understand the nature of DIUs and their role in a firm's digital transformation journey. Collapse

Topics: digital transformation innovation management digital innovation entrepreneurship disruptive innovation

Methods: literature sample structured literature research theory development literature study

Theories: institutional theory

The emergence of smart service ecosystems—The role of socio-technical antecedents and affordances

2023 | Information Systems Journal | Citations: 0

Authors: Herterich, Matthias M.; Dremel, Christian; Wulf, Jochen; vom Brocke, Jan

Abstract: As physical products are increasingly augmented with digital technology, manufac ... Expand

Abstract: As physical products are increasingly augmented with digital technology, manufacturing firms have become part of the development of so-called smart products and smart services. As such, manufacturing firms are challenged by new market participants and ecosystem partners, particularly from the software development industry, and by the dynamic nature of business relationships. While the academic literature on the distinctive characteristics of ecosystems, particularly digital ecosystems, is rich, the effect of smart service ecosystems' emergence on the foundation of smart products remains uncertain. This study reports on case study research based on 47 semi-structured interviews with four companies that participate in an industrial smart service ecosystem. Taking an affordance-theoretic perspective, we uncover the antecedents of and the process of emergent smart service ecosystems. We find that smart service ecosystems have three socio-technical antecedents: a shared worldview, structural flexibility and integrity, and architecture of participation. We explain the emergence of smart service ecosystems as the result of specialisation in shared affordances and integration of idiosyncratic affordances into collective affordances. We derive seven propositions regarding the emergence of smart services, outline opportunities for further research, and present practical guidelines for manufacturing firms. Collapse

Topics: affordance smart device value creation user experience innovation management

Methods: qualitative interview qualitative coding case study focus group personal interview

Theories: theory of affordance stakeholder theory service-dominant logic

ICT as a collectively enacted artifact? A collective enactment perspective

2023 | Information & Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Huang, Chen-Hao; Chou, Tzu-Chuan

Abstract: As the organizational demand for ICT (Information Communication Technologies) un ... Expand

Abstract: As the organizational demand for ICT (Information Communication Technologies) undergoes rapid changes, organizations must integrate other enterprise systems into ICT to continually address their current challenges. However, few studies have considered the dynamic fabric of ICT, especially since its usage is evolving with the development of digital technology and the organization’s needs. Therefore, this study conducts a case study of a prominent Taiwanese petrochemical corporation, exploring its ICT practices to underscore the dynamic nature of ICT. Additionally, the study introduces a collective enactment model to investigate the development of evolving ICT practices within the organization. Prior literature on ICT development focuses on organizational applications and its novel technology feature. With the evolution of technology, traditional ICT alone is no longer sufficient to meet digital transformation requirements. In other words, organizations need to integrate other enterprise sys­ tems in ICT to continually address their current challenges effectively. To investigate the practices under such evolving ICT, this study suggests viewing ICT as a continuously evolving practice to cope with the rapidly changing organizational environment. From a managerial perspective, this study highlights the dynamic feature of ICT, especially the interaction between ICT and organization members. From a theoretical perspective, this study emphasizes the importance of collective action to ICT development so that enactment theory has been extended. Collapse

Topics: systems development social media Google+ information exchange user experience

Methods: case study qualitative interview business process modeling qualitative coding grounded theory

Theories: theory of affordance enactment theory action theory

Can Broadband Help Curb Pollution? Implications for Marginalized Communities

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Jabr, Wael; Dhanorkar, Suvrat

Abstract: When stakeholders are unaware of information that is of relevance to them and w ... Expand

Abstract: When stakeholders are unaware of information that is of relevance to them and when this information is costly to obtain (due to costs associated with information awareness, acquisition, and integration), those stakeholders suffer from information asymmetry visà-vis the producer and owner of this information. To overcome those conditions, mandated disclosure has been used in a number of settings, requiring the owner of information such as a chemical manufacturer to disclose the types and level of toxic releases it produces. However, without the ease of information acquisition and subsequent dissemination, such disclosure's value remains limited. In this paper, we study broadband penetration in the United States as an enabler of the public to be better informed about manufacturers' pollution and its implications on curbing toxic releases. Because some marginalized communities have been documented to suffer more from such toxic releases, we also study the disproportionate impact of broadband on Black communities. Collapse

Topics: internet technology cloud computing mobile phone accounting green IS

Methods: instrumental variables estimation survey longitudinal research regression analysis method theory development

Accelerating sustainability in companies: A taxonomy of information systems for corporate carbon risk management

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Körner, Marc-Fabian; Michaelis, Anne; Spazierer, Sophie; Strüker, Jens

Abstract: For increasing sustainability and mitigating climate change, corporate carbon r ... Expand

Abstract: For increasing sustainability and mitigating climate change, corporate carbon risk management (CCRM) can be a key enabler. As we outline in this paper, companies currently lack processes and approaches in practice to actively manage complex risks caused by carbon emissions in the form of a comprehensive CCRM. To address this issue and to combine the contributions of currently separate research streams, e.g., corporate carbon accounting and corporate risk management, we develop a taxonomy that illustrates characteristics of IS-based solutions that foster an active CCRM. While our taxonomy builds on a systematic literature review, we evaluate our results with expert interviews. We conclude that CCRM is a complex field in which IS can provide significant support at many stages. Thereby, our taxonomy also contributes to Green IS research and acts as guidance for practitioners. Moreover, we discuss how Blockchains and Artificial Intelligence can pave the way towards targetoriented CCRM in companies. Collapse

Topics: risk management accounting database system artificial intelligence green IS

Methods: qualitative interview literature study structured literature research personal interview design process

Beyond the First Offer: Decoding Negotiation Openings and Their Impact on Economic and Subjective Outcomes

2023 | Group Decision and Negotiation | Citations: 0

Authors: Lipp, Wolfram E.; Smolinski, Remigiusz; Kesting, Peter

Abstract: First offers play a significant role in negotiations as they anchor negotiators’ ... Expand

Abstract: First offers play a significant role in negotiations as they anchor negotiators’ perceptions and influence negotiation outcomes in favor of the first-offer proposer. However, negotiation is a joint decision-making process in which a first offer is typically succeeded by a counteroffer. The impact of a counteroffer has not yet been systematically researched. We propose that a counteroffer influences negotiation outcomes like a first offer. In addition, we conceptualize the “anchor zone” as the distance between the first offer and the counteroffer. We theorize that the anchor zone influences negotiation outcomes because it captures additional information compared to a single offer. To test our hypotheses, we conducted two studies: Study 1 was a vignette study (n = 190) in which participants reacted to a counteroffer that they received based on their first offer as part of a simulated negotiation. Study 2 was an online experiment (n = 212) in which participants negotiated by exchanging offers with no further communication. Our analysis suggests that the counteroffer is a significant predictor of economic outcomes. Thus, it works like a first offer, but with a lower impact. In addition, the anchor zone predicted how far the final agreement was from the first offer. Furthermore, we found that the third offer, the average concessions, and the number of offers mediated the effects of the counteroffer and anchor zone on economic outcomes. Finally, we discovered that a more aggressive counteroffer reduced the subjective value of both negotiators. Collapse

Topics: Apple iPhone decision making data quality

Methods: experiment statistical hypothesis test simulation statistical power analysis regression analysis method

Theories: behavioral economics

Context Matters: The Use of Algorithmic Management Mechanisms in Platform, Hybrid, and Traditional Work Contexts

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 5

Authors: Lippert, Isabell; Kirchner, Kathrin; Wiener, Martin

Abstract: Emerged from platform organizations, algorithmic management (AM) refers to a dat ... Expand

Abstract: Emerged from platform organizations, algorithmic management (AM) refers to a data-driven approach in which intelligent algorithms are employed to automate managerial functions. Given its organizational benefits (e.g., efficiency gains), AM is also increasingly used in other work contexts, including traditional organizations (with permanent employees). Against this backdrop, our study investigates what AM mechanisms are used in different organizational work contexts and to what extent, and why, these mechanisms translate to other contexts. We do so by systematically analyzing and synthesizing knowledge from 45 studies. Our results point to seven usage patterns regarding the contextual translatability of AM mechanisms. For example, while we find that some mechanisms are used across contexts but with differing intentions, we also identify several context-specific AM mechanisms that are not (easily) translatable. We conclude by discussing factors that help explain the identified usage patterns (e.g., worker status and skill level) and promising avenues for future research. Collapse

Topics: Uber artificial intelligence database system price management productivity

Methods: computational algorithm literature study synthesis structured literature research case study