How AI-Based Systems Can Induce Reflections: The Case of AI-Augmented Diagnostic Work

2023 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0

Authors: Abdel-Karim, Benjamin; Pfeuffer, Nicolas; Carl, K. Valerie; Hinz, Oliver

Abstract: This paper addresses a thus-far neglected dimension in human-artificial intelli ... Expand

Abstract: This paper addresses a thus-far neglected dimension in human-artificial intelligence (AI) augmentation: machine-induced reflections. By establishing a grounded theoretical-informed model of machine-induced reflection, we contribute to the ongoing discussion in information systems (IS) regarding AI and research on reflection theories. In our multistage study, physicians used a machine learning-based (ML) clinical decision support system (CDSS) to see if and how this interaction can stimulate reflective practice in the context of an X-ray diagnosis task. By analyzing verbal protocols, performance metrics, and survey data, we developed an integrative theoretical foundation to explain how ML-based systems can help stimulate reflective practice. Individuals engage in more critical or shallower modes depending on whether they perceive a conflict or agreement with these CDSS systems, which in turn leads to different levels of reflection depth. By uncovering the process of machine-induced reflections, we offer IS research a different perspective on how such AI-based systems can help individuals become more reflective, and consequently more effective, professionals. This perspective stands in stark contrast to the traditional, efficiency-focused view of MLbased decision support systems and also enriches theories on human-AI augmentation. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence decision making decision support system algorithmic transparency recommender system

Methods: cognitive walkthrough survey theory development qualitative interview Student's t-test

Theories: learning theory information systems theory theory of abduction

Empowering Users to Create Augmented Reality-Based Solutions – Deriving Design Principles for No-Code AR Authoring Tools

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Bräker, Julia; Hertel, Julia; Semmann, Martin

Abstract: Grounded on an experimental study with 18 participants, we derive 15 design pri ... Expand

Abstract: Grounded on an experimental study with 18 participants, we derive 15 design principles for no-code AR authoring tools in an organizational setting. The study consists of two distinct treatments that aim to augment lightweight processes with AR. The outcomes are two interactive tutorials utilizing AR instructions. Following the no-code approach, the participants were empowered to create relevant AR content using a reduced interface and no need for advanced configurations or coding. The study thus combines two research streams with the aim of better understanding mechanisms for AR use in a professional context. As prior work has shown, despite the potential benefits, the adoption of AR authoring tools is limited because ramping up AR to productive use is heavily dependent on consulting and custom software solutions. Our novel approach bears the potential to broaden application domains and empower professionals to apply AR. Collapse

Topics: mobile application usability user experience information system use augmented reality

Methods: design principle design artifact survey cognitive walkthrough design science

Governance of Digital Health Data on Cooperatively Organized Platforms – a Design Thinking Approach

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Burmann, Anja; Langer, Henrike; Bosompem, Jennifer; Clemens, Timo; Herten, Benjamin; Kerstan, Leah; Lauer, Romy; Naeve, Peter; Geller, Simon; Huhnt, Jönne; Merkel, Sebastian

Abstract: More and more stakeholders are collecting data for improving their services: fro ... Expand

Abstract: More and more stakeholders are collecting data for improving their services: from scientific research over public administration to commercial enterprises. Existing data management services offer few rights of co-determination for their users. Data cooperatives aim to provide a democratic alternative to this. Through such a platform cooperative members are supposed to be enabled to share their data in a self-determined way. In this paper, we present a design thinking-based user research with stakeholders of data cooperatives in a health-data context. We provide an overview of motivations, expectations, and interfaces between a cooperative and individuals as cooperative members, organizations, representatives from research, and policy makers. In an iterative process, 34 interviews were conducted with different stakeholder groups, from which 7 personas were subsequently derived. For these, 4 prototypes were developed and tested with potential users. Our results show that all interviewed groups were very interested in the concept of data cooperatives. At the same time, it proves challenging to reconcile the conflicting internal and external requirements and to implement attractive value propositions for all stakeholders. Collapse

Topics: design thinking healthcare data user centered design value creation organization structure

Methods: qualitative interview design methodology design artifact literature sample literature study

User-Centered Requirements for Augmented Reality as a Cognitive Assistant for Safety-Critical Services

2023 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Citations: 0

Authors: Bräker, Julia; Osterbrink, Anna; Semmann, Martin; Wiesche, Manuel

Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) is widely acknowledged to be beneficial for services with ... Expand

Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) is widely acknowledged to be beneficial for services with exceptionally high requirements regarding knowledge and simultaneous tasks to be performed and are safety-critical. This study explores the user-centered requirements for an AR cognitive assistant in the operations of a large European maritime logistics hub. Specifically, it deals with the safety-critical service process of soil sounding. Based on fourteen think-aloud sessions during service delivery, two expert interviews, and two expert workshops, five core requirements for AR cognitive assistants in soil sounding are derived, namely (1) real-time overlay, (2) variety in displaying information, (3) multi-dimensional tracking, (4) collaboration, and (5) interaction. The study is the first one on the applicability and feasibility of AR in the maritime industry and identifies requirements that impact further research on AR use in safety-critical environments. Collapse

Topics: augmented reality logistics management mobile phone situational awareness implicit knowledge

Methods: cognitive walkthrough qualitative interview design science case study protocol analysis

THE PROCESS AUGMENTABILITY CANVAS - HOW TO FIND THE SWEET SPOT FOR AUGMENTED REALITY

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Bräker, Julia; Semmann, Martin

Abstract: The adoption of augmented reality (AR) has been one of the defining technologic ... Expand

Abstract: The adoption of augmented reality (AR) has been one of the defining technological trends of the past decade. While AR has experienced significant growth in consumer electronics, its potential for professional use still needs to be explored. Despite the growing interest in AR, determining its feasibility and potential to satisfy business needs remains challenging. To address this gap, we used a mixedmethod research approach to create a guiding framework called the process augmentability canvas. Drawing on a comprehensive case study of a major European maintenance, repair, and overhaul service provider, as well as state-of-the literature, we present a canvas that allows scholars and practitioners to evaluate AR's applicability for a given process thoroughly. By providing a structured approach to analyzing AR solutions, the process augmentability canvas contributes to a better understanding of how AR can be used efficiently in organizational settings. Collapse

Topics: logistics management usability technology adoption human computer interaction innovation management

Methods: literature study qualitative interview case study design artifact cluster analysis

Theories: unified theory of acceptance and use of technology technology acceptance model theory of task technology fit

Hello, Avatar: The impact of avatars on individuals’ emotions and behaviors from three congruity perspectives

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Cheng, Xusen; Zhang, Shuang; Mou, Jian

Abstract: The rapid growth of social media platforms in the digital age has led to an exp ... Expand

Abstract: The rapid growth of social media platforms in the digital age has led to an explosion of the metaverse, injecting new vitality into avatars. Previous research has mainly focused on the application of avatars in virtual environments, with limited research on the impact of avatar interactions on individuals, except for avatar similarity, customization, and the uncanny valley effect. Considering the positive and negative perceptions brought about by avatars to individuals, we adopted a mixed-methods approach to propose a model that reveals the influencing mechanism of individuals' perceptions of an avatar on their emotions and behaviors from a holistic perspective. This study contributes to existing knowledge and expands dualcongruity theory. Additionally, the findings have practical implications for managers of metaverse platforms and individuals alike. Collapse

Topics: virtual reality virtual world information privacy concern privacy website

Methods: qualitative interview cognitive walkthrough design science mixed method experiment

A Maturity Model for Assessing the Digitalization of Public Health Agencies

2023 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Citations: 0

Authors: Doctor, Eileen; Eymann, Torsten; Fürstenau, Daniel; Gersch, Martin; Hall, Kristina; Kauffmann, Anna Lina; Schulte-Althoff, Matthias; Schlieter, Hannes; Stark, Jeannette; Wyrtki, Katrin

Abstract: Requests for a coordinated response during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the li ... Expand

Abstract: Requests for a coordinated response during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the limitations of locally-operating public health agencies (PHAs) and have resulted in a growing interest in their digitalization. However, digitalizing PHAs – i.e., transforming them technically and organizationally – toward the needs of both employees and citizens is challenging, especially in federally-managed local government settings. This paper reports on a project that develops and evaluates a continuous (vs. a staged) maturity model, the PHAMM, for digitalizing PHAs as a cornerstone of a digitally resilient public health system in the future. The model supports a coordinated approach to formulating a vision and structuring the steps toward it, engaging employees along the transformation journey necessary for a federally-managed field. Further, it is now being used to allocate substantial national funds to foster digitalization. By developing the model in a coordinated approach and using it for distributing federal resources, this work expands the potential usage cases for maturity models. The authors conclude with lessons learned and discuss how the model can incentivize local digitalization in federal fields. Collapse

Topics: government system IS maturity resource allocation health information system usability

Methods: qualitative interview survey design science literature study maturity model

Promoting Learning Through Explainable Artificial Intelligence: An Experimental Study in Radiology

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Ellenrieder, Sara; Kallina, Emma; Pumplun, Luisa; Gawlitza, Joshua Felix; Ziegelmayer, Sebastian; Buxmann, Peter

Abstract: The deployment of machine learning (ML)-based decision support systems (DSSs) i ... Expand

Abstract: The deployment of machine learning (ML)-based decision support systems (DSSs) in high-risk environments such as radiology is increasing. Despite having achieved high decision accuracy, they are prone to errors. Thus, they are primarily used to assist radiologists in their decision making. However, collaborative decision making poses risks to the decision maker, e.g. automation bias and long-term performance degradation. To address these issues, we propose combining findings of the research streams of explainable artificial intelligence and education to promote human learning through interaction with ML-based DSSs. We provided radiologists with explainable vs nonexplainable decision support that was high-vs low-performing in a between-subject experimental study to support manual segmentation of 690 brain tumor scans. Our results show that explainable ML-based DSSs improved human learning outcomes and prevented false learning triggered by incorrect decision support. In fact, radiologists were able to learn from errors made by the low-performing explainable ML-based DSS. Collapse

Topics: decision support system decision support explainable artificial intelligence decision making artificial intelligence

Methods: experiment qualitative interview magnetic resonance imaging parametric test ANOVA

MEETINGS AT DIGITAL WORKPLACES – AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO ANALYZE GROUP ATTACHMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN DIGITAL WORLDS

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Gleich, Tristan; Schöbel, Sofia; Janson, Andreas

Abstract: After facing the COVID-19 pandemic, organizations request their employees to wo ... Expand

Abstract: After facing the COVID-19 pandemic, organizations request their employees to work from home permanently. For an organization, this provides positive benefits such as reducing costs for rent. From an employee perspective, working from home can cause a feeling of isolation towards co-workers and lower attachment to an organization. One way to counteract this problem is to transfer the office to the digital world, especially spurred by the metaverse discussion to represent processes of our real world in digital environments that allow us to do everything in the same way digitally as we are doing in the real world. In this paper, we present a theoretical model for conducting a 2x2 between-subject experiment to analyze how digital real-world meeting experiences influence team attachment and organizational commitment. We contribute to theories such as the need of belonging and transfer them to digital environments and provide practical implications for designing digital offices. Collapse

Topics: virtual reality organizational commitment remote work IT supported collaboration virtual workplace

Methods: experiment qualitative interview theoretical contribution design artifact simulation

Designing a User-Metaverse Interface for the Industrial-Metaverse

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Hönemann, Kay; Konopka, Björn; Thatcher, Jason B.; Wiesche, Manuel

Abstract: The Industrial-Metaverse will create interactions between the physical and virt ... Expand

Abstract: The Industrial-Metaverse will create interactions between the physical and virtual worlds to extend operations in the physical industry. This particularity and the demand for increasing immersion in the Metaverse require using XR technologies called User-Metaverse interfaces (UMI). How such a UMI must be designed for the industrial-Metaverse is unknown. This study adopts a design science approach to design a UMI based on social-cognitive theory (SCT). According to SCT, creating user-generated Metaverse content is crucial to the UMI design. It empowers users to generate content through their efforts, leading to higher self-efficacy and user engagement. We formulate two theoretically based design principles and instantiate a software artifact, which we evaluate in a laboratory experiment with 57 participants. Our study shows the importance of belief in success in the design of future UMI. Furthermore, our design principles show significant positive outcome expectations of users in their interaction with the software artifact. Collapse

Topics: virtual reality self efficacy perceived usefulness task productivity digital twin

Methods: design principle design artifact laboratory experiment design science experiment

Theories: social cognitive theory