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Revolutionizing Crowdworking Campaigns: Conquering Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard with the Help of Smart Contracts

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Hupe, Anna; Bretschneider, Ulrich

Abstract: Crowdworking is increasingly being applied by companies to outsource tasks beyo ... Expand

Abstract: Crowdworking is increasingly being applied by companies to outsource tasks beyond their core competencies flexibly and cost-effectively to an unknown group. However, the anonymous and financially incentivized nature of crowdworkers creates information asymmetries and conflicts of interest, leading to inefficiencies and intensifying the principal-agent problem. Our paper offers a solution to the widespread problem of inefficient Crowdworking campaigns. We first derive the currently applied Crowdworking campaign process based on a qualitative study. Subsequently, we identify the broadest adverse selection and moral hazard problems in the process. We then analyze how the blockchain application of smart contracts can counteract those challenges and develop a process model that maps a Crowdworking campaign using smart contracts. We explain how our developed process significantly reduces adverse selection and moral hazard at each stage. Thus, our research provides approaches to make online labor more attractive and transparent for companies and online workers. Collapse

Semantic filters: contract theory

Topics: smart contract moral hazard crowdsourcing blockchain platform work site

Methods: qualitative interview business process modeling qualitative coding theoretical contribution literature study

Theories: agency theory lemon market theory contract theory new institutional economics
A Values-based Approach to Understanding Corporate- Stakeholder Interactions
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2023 | Group Decision and Negotiation | Citations: 0
Authors: Kleinman, Gary; Palmon, Dan

Abstract: This paper develops a model of focal firm-stakeholder interactions incorporating ... Expand

Abstract: This paper develops a model of focal firm-stakeholder interactions incorporating the values of each party and the possible impact of incomplete contracts between them. The paper offers a values-based analysis of the forces driving the interaction between the parties. Firms exist in a web of perceived obligations and rights. We argue that entities in firm-stakeholder relationships have operational goals supported by terminal and instrumental values that affect the way that the parties behave and interact with others. Since various parties to an interaction may have different values and goals, this model allows for strategic interactions. While some relationships are bound by law or contract, others are not. Thus, the outcome cannot be prescribed with certainty, so an important question is whether the desired outcomes can be enforced. We draw upon contract theory to explore these issues, noting that performance under any contract is problematic since it cannot be assured in advance. We argue that the determinants of outcomes between the focal firm and its stakeholder groups are affected by the values and goals of each entity, while the nature of the contracts between them and the environment within which the interactions occur influence what can be achieved. Collapse

Semantic filters: contract theory

Topics: accounting systems design climate change environmental sustainability interorganizational relationship

Methods: survey

Theories: contract theory game theory social network theory
The Rise of Recommerce: Ownership and Sustainability with Overlapping Generations

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Li, Rubing; Sundararajan, Arun

Abstract: ... Expand

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Semantic filters: contract theory

Topics: price management willingness to pay information good systems development IS economics

Methods: economic model

Theories: contract theory
What Do Citizens Think of AI Adoption in Public Services? Exploratory Research on Citizen Attitudes through a Social Contract Lens

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0
Authors: Schmager, Stefan; Grøder, Charlotte Husom; Parmiggiani, Elena; Pappas, Ilias; Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni

Abstract: The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by the public sector has the potent ... Expand

Abstract: The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by the public sector has the potential to improve service delivery. However, the risks related to AI are significant and citizen concerns have halted several AI initiatives. In this paper we report findings from an empirical study on citizens´ attitudes towards AI use in public services in Norway. We found a generally positive attitude and identified three factors contributing to this: a) the high level of trust in government; b) the reassurance provided by having humans in the loop; c) the perceived transparency into processes, data used for AI models and models´ inner workings. We interpret these findings through the lens of social contract theory and show how the introduction of AI in public services is subject to the social contract power dynamics. Our study contributes to research by foregrounding the government-citizen relationship and has implications for public sector AI practice. Collapse

Semantic filters: contract theory

Topics: artificial intelligence information system use user interface decision making usability

Methods: design artifact survey personal interview design science cognitive walkthrough

Theories: contract theory
Sustained participation in open source: A psychological contract approach
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2022 | HICSS | Citations: 0
Authors: Cañibano, Almudena; Curto-Millet, Daniel; Rojahn, Lukas

Abstract: We propose the use of the psychological contract as an alternative theoretical l ... Expand

Abstract: We propose the use of the psychological contract as an alternative theoretical lens to study sustained participation and engagement in open source, which is often used as an example of new forms of digitized independent work. Psychological contracts are the set of beliefs held by individuals of their personal exchange with an organization and other actors with which they work. While previous literature has tended to study inducements (e.g., intrinsic or extrinsic motivation) on its own, the psychological contract studies the relation between an individual’s expected inducements and contributions. If these expectations are unmet, a breach can take place that will affect contributor engagement. We suggest the usefulness of this theory in understanding why and how open source participants decide to stop or reduce their involvement. Participants hold multiple psychological contracts with the project, fellow developers, and users. The findings show that breach can be experienced with all of them either due to unmet contributions or inducements. We suggest further research into such breaches is required to understand their consequences on the sustainability of open source projects. Collapse

Semantic filters: contract theory

Topics: open source electronic mail open source software project individual characteristic IT career

Methods: case study theory development

Theories: social exchange theory contract theory
Collaborating with Bounty Hunters: How to Encourage White Hat Hackers’ Participation in Vulnerability Crowdsourcing Programs through Formal and Relational Governance
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2022 | Information & Management | Citations: 0
Authors: Li, Yuni; Zhao, Ling

Abstract: Although crowdsourcing studies have provided insights into the factors motivatin ... Expand

Abstract: Although crowdsourcing studies have provided insights into the factors motivating solvers, how to collaborate with white hat hackers in vulnerability crowdsourcing is still unclear. Drawing from information systems (IS) governance literature and psychological contract theory, this study proposed a research model to explore the effects of formal and relational governance mechanisms on solvers’ participation. Data from 242 programs and 6095 white hat hackers were collected and analyzed through a negative binomial regression. Results show that outcome control, expressing commitment, and prompt communication can increase the submission quantity of vulnerabilities. Interestingly, behavior control has an inverted U-shaped relationship with submission quantity. Collapse

Semantic filters: contract theory

Topics: crowdsourcing IT governance project productivity data breach virtual teamwork

Methods: qualitative coding statistical hypothesis test robustness check theory development regression analysis method

Theories: contract theory control theory
Under a Microscope: Examining the Impact of Digital Location Tracking in the Irish Police Force

2022 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: McParland, Cliona; Connolly, Regina; Sanchez, Otavio; Compeau, Deborah

Abstract: Organizational use of digital technologies to monitor employee performance is i ... Expand

Abstract: Organizational use of digital technologies to monitor employee performance is increasing in response to competitive pressures and the emergence of hybrid working scenarios. These technologies provide employers with insights that can be used to increase organizational effectiveness, but have asymmetric power implications that accentuate employee privacy concerns. This study applies a psychological contract theory lens to explore the impact of these concerns in relation to mandatory location tracking, examining the psychosocial outcomes that affect the individual and their trust in the organization. Data collected from 709 Irish police officers are tested using covariancebased structural equation modelling. The findings confirm that information privacy concerns regarding digital location tracking impact the employee and shape their trust relationship with the organization through three pathways, the first being a direct effect, the second arising from the associated loss of autonomy and the third being through employee strain resulting from those privacy concerns. Collapse

Semantic filters: contract theory

Topics: information privacy concern electronic surveillance privacy information system use task productivity

Methods: survey structural equation modeling psychometrics data transformation confirmatory factor analysis

Theories: contract theory
Relational Contracts and Managerial Delegation: Evidence from Foreign Entrepreneurs in Russia
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2020 | Organization Science | Citations: 0
Authors: Kulchina, Elena; Oxley, Joanne

Abstract: We examine the managerial delegation decisions of foreign entrepreneurs and asse ... Expand

Abstract: We examine the managerial delegation decisions of foreign entrepreneurs and assess how these decisions are shaped by characteristics of the local product and labor market environment. We argue that actual or perceived home bias in court proceedings leads foreign entrepreneurs to place little reliance on formal contracts in their dealings with local agent-managers. Adopting the lens of relational contract theory, we develop hypotheses linking managerial delegation decisions to market conditions associated with stable self-enforcing agreements and test the hypotheses in the context of post-Soviet Russia. Consistent with our arguments, we find that foreign entrepreneurs are more likely to hire an agent-manager in local markets where industry growth creates a substantial “shadow of the future,” where managers’ outside employment options are relatively limited, and where competition and the variability of returns are not so high as to induce defection from an informal agreement. Similar observations on a sample of Russian-owned entrepreneurial firms suggest that these delegation decisions are relatively insensitive to local market conditions but that they are influenced by the density of local reputation networks. Our study thus contributes to understanding of the distinctive features of foreign entrepreneurs’ managerial delegation decisions and reinforces the view that contracting impediments constitute one important aspect of the “liability of foreignness” for entrepreneurial firms. Collapse

Semantic filters: contract theory

Topics: accounting database system organizational productivity anonymity criminality

Methods: descriptive statistic cross sectional research cluster analysis robustness check statistical hypothesis test

Theories: contract theory
The impact of psychological contract under- and over-fulfillment on client citizenship behaviors in Enterprise systems projects: From the client’s perspective
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2020 | Information & Management | Citations: 0
Authors: Liu, Yang; Liu, Hefu; Cai, Zhao

Abstract: This study focuses on examining client citizenship behaviors (CCBs) from a psych ... Expand

Abstract: This study focuses on examining client citizenship behaviors (CCBs) from a psychological contract perspective in enterprise systems (ES) vendor–client relationships. Using polynomial modeling to capture the discrepancy be tween expected obligations and delivered fulfillments, this stud unpacks psychological contract and investigates the impacts of psychological contract under-fulfillment, fulfillment, and over-fulfillment on CCBs. The results show that both under-fulfillment and over-fulfillment of psychological contract are negatively related to CCBs. CCBs are shown to be higher when expected obligation and delivered fulfillment are both high than when both are low. The theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed. Collapse

Semantic filters: contract theory

Topics: outsourcing IT workforce supply chain management interorganizational relationship service quality

Methods: survey chi squared test statistical power analysis data transformation polynomial regression

Theories: contract theory organizational behavior theory
Don't be so emotional: How social media communication affects potential applicants' engagement

2020 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Moser, Kilian; Tumasjan, Andranik; Cable, Dan

Abstract: ... Expand

Abstract: Collapse

Semantic filters: contract theory

Topics: Twitter social media online labor market marketing information system viral marketing

Methods: regression analysis method support vector machine statistical hypothesis test machine learning qualitative content analysis

Theories: contract theory statistical learning theory

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Found 75 articles

Revolutionizing Crowdworking Campaigns: Conquering Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard with the Help of Smart Contracts

A Values-based Approach to Understanding Corporate- Stakeholder Interactions

The Rise of Recommerce: Ownership and Sustainability with Overlapping Generations

What Do Citizens Think of AI Adoption in Public Services? Exploratory Research on Citizen Attitudes through a Social Contract Lens

Sustained participation in open source: A psychological contract approach

Collaborating with Bounty Hunters: How to Encourage White Hat Hackers’ Participation in Vulnerability Crowdsourcing Programs through Formal and Relational Governance

Under a Microscope: Examining the Impact of Digital Location Tracking in the Irish Police Force

Relational Contracts and Managerial Delegation: Evidence from Foreign Entrepreneurs in Russia

The impact of psychological contract under- and over-fulfillment on client citizenship behaviors in Enterprise systems projects: From the client’s perspective

Don't be so emotional: How social media communication affects potential applicants' engagement