Accepting the Familiar: The Effect of Perceived Similarity with AI Agents on Intention to Use and the Mediating Effect of IT Identity

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Alawi, N.; De Vreede, T.; De Vreede, G.

Abstract: With the rise and integration of AI technologies within organizations, our unde ... Expand

Abstract: With the rise and integration of AI technologies within organizations, our understanding of the impact of this technology on individuals remains limited. Although the IS use literature provides important guidance for organization to increase employees' willingness to work with new technology, the utilitarian view of prior IS use research limits its application considering the new evolving social interaction between humans and AI agents. We contribute to the IS use literature by implementing a social view to understand the impact of AI agents on an individual's perception and behavior. By focusing on the main design dimensions of AI agents, we propose a framework that utilizes social psychology theories to explain the impact of those design dimensions on individuals. Specifically, we build on Similarity Attraction Theory to propose an AI similarity-continuance model that aims to explain how similarity with AI agents influence individuals' IT identity and intention to continue working with it. Through an online brainstorming experiment, we found that similarity with AI agents indeed has a positive impact on IT identity and on the intention to continue working with the AI agent. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence usage intention behavioral intention brainstorming usability

Methods: chatbot experiment survey descriptive statistic statistical hypothesis test

Theories: social psychology theory

How product review voting is influenced by existing votes, consumer involvement, review valence, and review diagnosticity

2023 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Tseng, Shih-Lun; Lu, Shuya; Weathers, Danny; Grover, Varun

Abstract: Websites that allow consumers to post online reviews often allow others to signa ... Expand

Abstract: Websites that allow consumers to post online reviews often allow others to signal the value of the reviews by voting for them as being helpful (i.e., an upvote) or unhelpful (i.e., a downvote). Although a review's content should drive votes, herd behavior may also be operative if consumers discount their own judgments of the review based on signals others provide. Using a field study of online product reviews from Amazon, a longitudinal experiment, and two cross-sectional experiments, we find evidence for herd behavior: consumers' voting de­ cisions and intentions are influenced by others' votes. However, this effect is complex with multiple moderating factors, including consumer involvement, review valence, and review diagnosticity. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for reducing the potential negative effects of herd behavior in the context of online reviews. Collapse

Topics: online review Reddit Twitter electronic commerce user-generated content

Methods: computational algorithm longitudinal research longitudinal experiment statistical hypothesis test parametric test

Theories: signaling theory

Moving Consumers from Free to Fee in Platform-Based Markets: An Empirical Study of Multiplayer Online Battle Arena Games

2023 | Information Systems Research | Citations: 0

Authors: Wang, Le; Lowry, Paul Benjamin; Luo, Xin (Robert); Li, Han

Abstract: Companies in platform-based business markets have widely embraced freemium busin ... Expand

Abstract: Companies in platform-based business markets have widely embraced freemium business models where profit primarily depends on a minority of paying customers. However, the key challenge of these models is transitioning participants from free users to paying consumers. To encourage paid consumption, companies often rely on product differentiation such as providing consumers who pay for products or services with enhanced features. However, limited research has addressed how such product differentiation may convert consumers from “free” to “fee.” Our research examines the multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) game as a compelling example of a freemium platform-based business model. We contribute to the freemium literature by introducing three new MOBA-specific differentiations—character competency, character variety, and character-appearance differentiation. We also extend consumption values theory into a dual-path model to unveil the underlying mechanisms through which product differentiation influences in-game purchase. We empirically validate our dual-path model using data from a two-wave longitudinal experiment and three cross-sectional experiments. Our findings support opposing mediating paths for product differentiation in character competency and variety and indicate that these two types of differentiation can indeed undermine perceived game fairness. Conversely, character-appearance differentiation exerts only a positive influence on players’ purchasing of in-game items. Consequently, the findings of this study have important potential implications for platform-based companies leveraging freemium business models that seek to increase their share of paying customers.History: Eric Zheng, Senior Editor; Robert Gregory, Associate Editor.Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71901172, 72171189, and 72132007], the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [Grant 2020M673434], and the Social Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province [Grant 2021D002].Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1127. Collapse

Topics: product differentiation free to play game social identity business model electronic mail

Methods: experiment survey experimental group longitudinal experiment longitudinal research

An Empirical Review of the Connection Between Model Viewer Characteristics and the Comprehension of Conceptual Process Models

2019 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 8

Authors: Mendling, Jan; Recker, Jan; Reijers, Hajo A.; Leopold, Henrik

Abstract: Understanding conceptual models of business domains is a key skill for practitio ... Expand

Abstract: Understanding conceptual models of business domains is a key skill for practitioners tasked with systems analysis and design. Research in this field predominantly uses experiments with specific user proxy cohorts to examine factors that explain how well different types of conceptual models can be comprehended by model viewers. However, the results from these studies are difficult to compare. One key difficulty rests in the unsystematic and fluctuating consideration of model viewer characteristics (MVCs) to date. In this paper, we review MVCs used in prominent prior studies on conceptual model comprehension. We then design an empirical review of the influence of MVCS through a global, cross-sectional experimental study in which over 500 student and practitioner users were asked to answer comprehension questions about a prominent type of conceptual model - BPMN process models. As an experimental treatment, we used good versus bad layout in order to increase the variance of performance. Our results show MVC to be a multi-dimensional construct. Moreover, process model comprehension is related in different ways to different traits of the MVC construct. Based on these findings, we offer guidance for experimental designs in this area of research and provide implications for the study of MVCs. Collapse

Topics: website problem solving internet technology electronic mail task productivity

Methods: experiment business process modeling business process model and notation modeling language conceptual modelling

TUNING OUT SECURITY WARNINGS: A LONGITUDINAL EXAMINATION OF HABITUATION THROUGH fMRI, EYE TRACKING, AND FIELD EXPERIMENTS

2018 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 55

Authors: Vance, Anthony; Jenkins, Jeffrey L.; Anderson, Bonnie Brinton; Bjornn, Daniel K.; Kirwan, C. Brock

Abstract: The article discusses two longitudinal studies which examine habituation in the ... Expand

Abstract: The article discusses two longitudinal studies which examine habituation in the fields of information systems and human-computer interaction through fMRI, eye tracking and field experiments. Topics include the tendency for individuals to pay less attention to security warnings over time despite the partial recovery of attention over time without exposure to warnings, and the tendency for the attention of individuals to lower at a slower rate to polymorphic permission warnings versus standard warnings. Collapse

Topics: mobile application IT security threat digital distribution mobile application market Android

Methods: experiment oculometry functional magnetic resonance imaging chi squared test statistical hypothesis test

What Do Systems Users Have to Fear? Using Fear Appeals to Engender Threats and Fear That Motivate Protective Security Behaviors

2015 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 666

Authors: Boss, Scott R.; Galletta, Dennis F.; Benjamin Lowry, Paul; Moody, Gregory D.; Polak, Peter

Abstract: Because violations of information security (ISec) and privacy have become ubiqui ... Expand

Abstract: Because violations of information security (ISec) and privacy have become ubiquitous in both personal and work environments, academic attention to ISec and privacy has taken on paramount importance. Consequently, a key focus of ISec research has been discovering ways to motivate individuals to engage in more secure behaviors. Over time, the protection motivation theory (PMT) has become a leading theoretical foundation used in ISec research to help motivate individuals to change their security-related behaviors to protect them- selves and their organizations. Our careful review of the foundation for PMT identified four opportunities for improving ISec PMT research. First, extant ISec studies do not use the full nomology of PMT constructs. Second, only one study uses fear-appeal manipulations, even though these are a core element of PMT. Third, virtually no ISec study models or measures fear. Fourth, whereas these studies have made excellent progress in predicting security intentions, none of them have addressed actual security behaviors. This article describes the theoretical foundation of these four opportunities for improvement. We tested the nomology of PMT, including manipulated fear appeals, in two different ISec contexts that model the modern theoretical treatment of PMT more closely than do extant ISec studies. The first data collection was a longitudinal study in the context of data backups. The second study was a short-term cross-sectional study in the context of anti-malware software. Our new model demonstrated better results and stronger fit than the existing models and confirms the efficacy of the four potential improvements we identified. Collapse

Topics: backup malware self efficacy website social influence

Methods: longitudinal research experiment survey cross sectional research self reported survey

Theories: health belief model technology threat avoidance theory extended parallel process model

Blissfully ignorant: the effects of general privacy concerns, general institutional trust, and affect in the privacy calculus

2015 | Information Systems Journal | Citations: 131

Authors: Kehr, Flavius; Kowatsch, Tobias; Wentzel, Daniel; Fleisch, Elgar

Abstract: Existing research on information privacy has mostly relied on the privacy calcul ... Expand

Abstract: Existing research on information privacy has mostly relied on the privacy calculus model, which views privacy-related decision-making as a rational process where individuals weigh the anticipated risks of disclosing personal data against the potential benefits. In this research, we develop an extension to the privacy calculus model, arguing that the situation-specific assessment of risks and benefits is bounded by (1) pre-existing attitudes or dispositions, such as general privacy concerns or general institutional trust, and (2) limited cognitive resources and heuristic thinking. An experimental study, employing two samples from the USA and Switzerland, examined consumer responses to a new smartphone application that collects driving behavior data and provided converging support for these predictions. Specifically, the results revealed that a situation-specific assessment of risks and benefits fully mediates the effect of dispositional factors on information disclosure. In addition, the results showed that privacy assessment is influenced by momentary affective states, indicating that consumers underestimate the risks of information disclosure when confronted with a user interface that elicits positive affect. Collapse

Topics: privacy information privacy concern data breach decision making mobile application

Methods: chi squared test experiment factor analysis psychometrics mediation analysis

Theories: privacy calculus theory theory of bounded rationality

ENHANCING HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY AT WORK: TOWARDS AN EVALUATION MODEL FOR JOB CRAFTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2014 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Kehr, Flavius; Bauer, Georg; Jenny, Gregor J.; Güntert, Stefan T.

Abstract: Today’s work environments are characterized by steadily increasing demands, such ... Expand

Abstract: Today’s work environments are characterized by steadily increasing demands, such as high workloads and job-related pressure, resulting in negative health and productivity outcomes for employees, organizations and society. In this regard, the concept of job crafting suggests that individuals can take actions to reduce imbalances of job demands and available job resources by proactively shaping the characteristics of their jobs. However, job crafting interventions require trained work and health specialists, resulting in restricted dissemination in practice. Information systems supporting employees’ job crafting activities, denoted as job crafting information systems (JCISs), have the potential to be both cost-efficient and effective in preventing negative health and productivity outcomes, such as stress and burnout. Building on foundations derived from IS research, psychology and research on organizational and public health, the current research-in-progress develops an integrated evaluation model of JCISs and describes an approach to experimentally test the assumptions of the model. Both individual antecedents (e.g. self-efficacy) as well as organizational factors (e.g. team climate) are identified as main predictors of successful JCIS-based interventions. Furthermore, the role of intrinsic motivation and continued system use are discussed in this context. Collapse

Topics: productivity perceived usefulness system quality data quality intrinsic motivation

Methods: longitudinal research design principle laboratory experiment personal interview cross sectional experiment

THE EFFECTS OF TIME AND NUMBER OF PERSONALIZED ITEMS ON USERS´ AMOUNT OF SAMPLING

2014 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Bodoff, David; Ho, Shuk Ying

Abstract: With advances in personalization technologies, websites are increasingly able t ... Expand

Abstract: With advances in personalization technologies, websites are increasingly able to personalize web content and provide users with a unique experience. This research examines the effects of personalization on the amount of sampling of (1) personalized and (2) stock items. Two theories, Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and Consumer Search Theory (CST), provide the basis for four hypotheses about these extended indicators. The two theories differ in theoretical level of abstraction. ELM models a user's response to an appealing item, whereas CST models a user's overall search strategy. They complement each other, but sometimes lead to competing hypotheses. This research conducts an online field experiment to examine these predictions and provide empirical evidence to validate the proposed hypotheses. Theoretically, our research extends personalization literature by providing a more complete picture of the effects of personalization on users' sampling behavior. Practically, our research reveals how effective personalization influences various users' sampling in return visits. This provides insights for online merchants who plan to invest in personalization technologies. Collapse

Topics: usability personalization website internet technology user behavior

Methods: longitudinal research data modeling parametric test survey experiment

Theories: consumer search theory elaboration likelihood model psychological theory

Early Investigation of New Information Technology Acceptance: A Perceived Risk - Motivation Model

2009 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 6

Authors: Cocosila, Mihail; Archer, Norm; Yuan, Yufei

Abstract: Early investigation of the acceptance of new information technology applications ... Expand

Abstract: Early investigation of the acceptance of new information technology applications will help to improve the chances of later success. In incipient stages of product deployment, before people develop a full understanding of the aspects of a new technology, users may display particular reasons for or against its use. Accordingly, this study proposes and tests empirically, through structural equation modeling techniques, a perceived risk-motivation model for the early study of new information technology acceptance. The research framework is a Web scenario describing the possible use of wireless text messaging on cell phones to improve user adherence to healthy behavior. While the underlying personal motivation may favor adoption, perceived risks may be an obstacle. This study integrates a multi-faceted perceived risk concept with a motivational model in an unbiased measure of the initial development phase of new information technology, to estimate its acceptance. Collapse

Topics: usage intention intrinsic motivation consumer behavior privacy mobile phone

Methods: partial least squares regression survey factor analysis PLS tool survey design