Incorporating evolutionary adaptions into the cognitive fit model for data visualization

2023 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Bina, Saman; Kaskela, Timothy; Jones, Donald R.; Walden, Eric; Graue, William B.

Abstract: With the proliferation of data has arisen an array of information visualization ... Expand

Abstract: With the proliferation of data has arisen an array of information visualization tools to help humans convert data to information for better decision-making. This ever-expanding visualization toolset has outrun the development of theories of data visualization usage for decision support. In the current research, we contribute to the development of visualization theories in two ways. First, we incorporate our understanding of evolutionary adaptations into the cognitive fit theory to explain why 3-D surface graphs often outperform traditional 2-D graphs in various sensemaking tasks. Drawing on geon theory to interpret the 3-D advantage, we develop the concept of geonic/non-geonic information representations and tasks. We tested and found support for our hy­ potheses that geonic representations have a speed advantage for the tasks we studied, derived from the human evolved capacity for geographic orienteering, but accuracy depends on the match of representation and task, as geonic or non-geonic. Our experiment compared the geonic representation (3-D surface graph) to non-geonic planar representations (cluster bar, heat map, and line) in geonic (integration, proportion) and non-geonic atomic (acquisition, comparison) tasks. For our second contribution, we build on this result to expand the cognitive fit model to incorporate classic human information processes and evolutionary adaptations. We suggest that the cognitive fit model can expand to include new advances in neuroscience. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our experiment and our expanded model. Collapse

Topics: data visualization sensemaking decision making spreadsheet Python

Methods: experiment parametric test ANOVA exploratory data analysis descriptive statistic

Theories: cognitive fit theory

Low-Coders, No-Coders, and Citizen Developers in Demand: Examining Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities Through a Job Market Analysis

2023 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Binzer, Björn; Winkler, Till J.

Abstract: The emergence of low-code/no-code (LCNC) platform technologies and the resultin ... Expand

Abstract: The emergence of low-code/no-code (LCNC) platform technologies and the resulting increase in citizen development programs are facilitating the democratization of the design, development, and deployment of digital solutions. Citizen developers, non-technical employees who leverage LCNC platforms, are at the heart of this trend. While many firms perceive LCNC and citizen development as a crucial component of their digital transformation strategy, little is known about the evolving roles in this field or the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA). To address this knowledge gap, we processed 113,106 job postings published on Indeed.com. Our topic modeling methodology identified 34 KSA topics and classified them into the three domains platform, business, and technology. We contribute to research by empirically demonstrating which competencies are required to successfully work in the LCNC field. Our findings can guide individual professionals and organizations alike. Collapse

Topics: online labor market Indeed.com low code development platform Python project management

Methods: topic model natural language processing computational algorithm latent dirichlet allocation NLTK

Trust in Online Ride-Sharing Transactions: Impacts of Heterogeneous Order Features

2023 | Journal of Management Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Cheng, Xusen; Fu, Shixuan; Sun, Jianshan; Zuo, Meiyun; Meng, Xiangsong

Abstract: With the development of the sharing economy, online ride-sharing has become a pr ... Expand

Abstract: With the development of the sharing economy, online ride-sharing has become a primary form of commuting. Using secondary transaction data, this study investigates the associations between the heterogeneous features and mutual trust in sharing economy-driven online ride-sharing transactions. Based on an examination of 12,404 ride-sharing orders in Beijing, we propose a set of trust distribution maps using order location data to reveal heterogeneous spatial patterns of the relationship between online ride-sharing transactions and mutual trust. The results show that the historical order completion rate and order distance are positively associated with mutual trust in ride-sharing transactions, whereas order time and departure density negatively and significantly influence mutual trust. Furthermore, we use machine learning algorithms to predict trust. The implications for theory and practice and future research directions are discussed. Collapse

Topics: ride sharing platform sharing platform logistics management geographic information system online review

Methods: machine learning computational algorithm regression analysis method experiment exploratory data analysis

Theories: signaling theory

Teaching Case: Learning Skills of the Data Analytics Lifecycle with Microsoft Power BI and National Parks Data

2023 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Collier, Cassie

Abstract: Like many organizations, the U.S. National Parks Service has done an excellent ... Expand

Abstract: Like many organizations, the U.S. National Parks Service has done an excellent job of collecting and storing data for years about variables of interest. However, there are steps beyond the collection and storage of data that must be taken to transform that data into valuable information that can inform strategic business decisions. This teaching case introduces students to the data analytics lifecycle and the various processes for preparing data to make decisions. Students gain a familiarity with the leading data analytics software Microsoft Power BI as well as Microsoft Excel and SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS) to inform data-driven decisions. This case is relevant to undergraduate and graduate students in information systems and other disciplines prioritizing data analytics. The case was not developed in conjunction with the National Parks Service; the case uses real-world data made publicly available by the National Parks Service but the narrative and questions posed are fictional. Collapse

Topics: data visualization analytical information system

Methods: exploratory data analysis

Breaking bad habits: A field experiment about how routinized work practices can be made more eco-efficient through IS for sensemaking

2023 | Information & Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Degirmenci, Kenan; Recker, Jan

Abstract: We conducted a field experiment to compare the effects of information systems (I ... Expand

Abstract: We conducted a field experiment to compare the effects of information systems (IS) supporting reflective disclosure and information democratization on the sustainability footprint of a routine organizational work practice, paper printing. We find that both sensemaking processes lead to employees reducing their printing; however, the processes are interchangeable and do not mutually reinforce each other’s effects. This finding contrasts a latent assumption of prior research about a co-dependence between reflective disclosure and infor­ mation democratization, and suggests organizations have a choice in how they can design and use IS to help employees make sense of different possibilities for more eco-efficient work. Collapse

Topics: sensemaking electronic mail environmental sustainability system support systems design

Methods: experiment survey field experiment design artifact generalized linear model

Theories: theory of organizational sensemaking

Information technology as a resource to counter domestic sex trafficking in the United States

2023 | Information Systems Journal | Citations: 2

Authors: Giddens, Laurie; Petter, Stacie; Fullilove, Michael H.

Abstract: Globally, millions of individuals are victims of sex trafficking and are compell ... Expand

Abstract: Globally, millions of individuals are victims of sex trafficking and are compelled to perform sexual acts through force, fraud, or coercion. Law enforcement agencies, non-profit organisations, and social entrepreneurs increasingly are using information technology as a resource to locate, identify, and rescue victims and find, arrest, and convict traffickers. In this qualitative case study, we partnered with a non-profit organisation that trains law enforcement officers to use information technology to counter sex trafficking. For this research study, we observed training courses, interviewed law enforcement officers and non-profit staff, and reviewed technology usage logs and other data sources. Some officers readily used the new information technology post-training, while others failed to use the new technology. Using conservation of resources theory as a sensitising lens, we identify two factors affecting the use of new technology post-training: the level of organisational resources available to individuals and the individual's perceptions of the new information technology as a resource. With these findings, we develop the Resources Model of Information Technology Use to explain how perceptions of organisational and technology resources affect information technology usage patterns and outcomes. Collapse

Topics: information system use system support societal evaluation criteria perceived usefulness information exchange

Methods: qualitative interview qualitative coding theory development case study personal interview

Theories: conservation of resources theory

Beyond Dashboards? Designing Data Stories for Effective Use in Business Intelligence and Analytics

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Gunklach, Jonas; Jacob, Katharina; Michalczyk, Sven

Abstract: With the proliferation of Business Intelligence and Analytics, data storytellin ... Expand

Abstract: With the proliferation of Business Intelligence and Analytics, data storytelling has gained increasing importance to improve communicating analytical insights to business users and support decision-making. While conceptual research on data storytelling suggests that these techniques can help improve decisionmaking, there is a lack of prescriptive knowledge on how to design data stories in Business Intelligence and Analytics. Moreover, it is not understood how data stories can facilitate effective use and support decision-making of business users. To address this challenge, we conduct a Design Science Research (DSR) project. Drawing on the theory of effective use and data storytelling techniques, we propose three design principles that we instantiate in a prototype. The results of two focus groups indicate that enhancing dashboards with data storytelling techniques increases transparent interaction and representational fidelity. Our DSR project contributes novel design knowledge for data stories that facilitate effective use. Collapse

Topics: digital dashboard data visualization analytical information system database system decision making

Methods: literature study focus group qualitative interview literature sample design principle

Theories: theory of effective use

Guidance in Business Intelligence & Analytics Systems: A Review and Research Agenda

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Gunklach, Jonas; Nadj, Mario

Abstract: While the data amount grows exponentially, the number of people with analytical ... Expand

Abstract: While the data amount grows exponentially, the number of people with analytical and technical skills is only slowly increasing. This skill gap is putting pressure on the labor market and increasing the need for personnel with these skills. At the same time, companies are forced to think of alternative ways to empower their less-skilled workforce to take on Business Intelligence and Analytics (BI&A) tasks. One promising attempt to address these challenges may turn to the concept of guidance. However, the current body of research on guidance in BI&A systems is scattered and lacks a structured investigation from which future research avenues can be derived. To address this gap, this article analyzes five categories, namely BI&A phases, guidance degree, guidance generation, user roles, and interactivity form. Reviewing 82 articles, our contribution is to synopsize articles on guidance in BI&A systems and to suggest five research avenues. Collapse

Topics: analytical information system data visualization data quality business intelligence artificial intelligence

Methods: exploratory data analysis machine learning literature sample time series analysis longitudinal research

Exploring the use of IoT Data for Heightened Situational Awareness in Centralised Monitoring Control Rooms

2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0

Authors: Horita, Flávio; Baptista, João; de Albuquerque, João Porto

Abstract: This paper traces the expansion of a network of IoT sensors to improve the effec ... Expand

Abstract: This paper traces the expansion of a network of IoT sensors to improve the effectiveness of a centralised control room in Brazil in anticipating natural hazards. This centralised model relies on using IoT data by highly qualified experts replacing previous smaller local structures. We draw on the notion of Situational Awareness to carry out the study. Results show that although the operators were not always familiar with the characteristics of locations, the use of IoT data heightened their situational awareness in the centralised control room by improving perception and comprehension. However, they still relied on local knowledge and learned experiences to support projection and anticipation of risks. The study highlights that although data analytics systems are capable of expanding operators’ perception of local elements, they must be complemented by local richer forms of information, needed to anticipate risks and make critical decisions with major impact on local population. Collapse

Topics: mobile system internet of things situational awareness decision making analytical information system

Methods: qualitative interview personal interview case study qualitative coding machine learning

Theories: situation awareness theory

How to cross the bridge: Interoperability among blockchain systems

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Iversen, Hampus; Schmidt, Tobias Ærboe; Pedersen, Asger; Beck, Roman

Abstract: Blockchain research tends to focus on technical improvements and their potentia ... Expand

Abstract: Blockchain research tends to focus on technical improvements and their potential for efficiency and productivity, repeatedly at the cost of comprehending the complex reciprocal interaction between social and technical aspects. One of the technical challenges for blockchain systems is scalability. Interoperability has proven effective in addressing scalability by offloading transactions via bridges, enhancing flexibility and portability for, e.g., tokens. As a result, we investigate how interoperability is organized in blockchain systems and what implications it might bring. In this research, we develop an on-ledger analytics prototype, which facilitates the examinations of NFT bridges and theorizes about the dimensions of interoperability. Practical implications reveal that hiding a token's track in an otherwise supposedly transparent system is possible. We provide evidence that current research may only consider a subset of a token's history among blockchain systems. Ultimately, we claim that interoperability among blockchain systems can lead to decreased transparency. Collapse

Topics: blockchain analytical information system database system digital dashboard data visualization

Methods: design artifact theory development design science entity relationship modeling exploratory data analysis