How AI-Based Systems Can Induce Reflections: The Case of AI-Augmented Diagnostic Work

2023 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0

Authors: Abdel-Karim, Benjamin; Pfeuffer, Nicolas; Carl, K. Valerie; Hinz, Oliver

Abstract: This paper addresses a thus-far neglected dimension in human-artificial intelli ... Expand

Abstract: This paper addresses a thus-far neglected dimension in human-artificial intelligence (AI) augmentation: machine-induced reflections. By establishing a grounded theoretical-informed model of machine-induced reflection, we contribute to the ongoing discussion in information systems (IS) regarding AI and research on reflection theories. In our multistage study, physicians used a machine learning-based (ML) clinical decision support system (CDSS) to see if and how this interaction can stimulate reflective practice in the context of an X-ray diagnosis task. By analyzing verbal protocols, performance metrics, and survey data, we developed an integrative theoretical foundation to explain how ML-based systems can help stimulate reflective practice. Individuals engage in more critical or shallower modes depending on whether they perceive a conflict or agreement with these CDSS systems, which in turn leads to different levels of reflection depth. By uncovering the process of machine-induced reflections, we offer IS research a different perspective on how such AI-based systems can help individuals become more reflective, and consequently more effective, professionals. This perspective stands in stark contrast to the traditional, efficiency-focused view of MLbased decision support systems and also enriches theories on human-AI augmentation. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence decision making decision support system algorithmic transparency recommender system

Methods: cognitive walkthrough survey theory development qualitative interview Student's t-test

Theories: learning theory information systems theory theory of abduction

Impact of Anxiety on Information Processing Among Young Adults: An Exploratory Eye-tracking Study

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Alrefaei, Doaa; Sankar, Gaayathri; Norouzi Nia, Javad; Djamasbi, Soussan; Liu, Shichao; Strauss, Sarah; Gbetonmasse, Somasse

Abstract: Anxiety, one of the most common mental illnesses among American adults, is often ... Expand

Abstract: Anxiety, one of the most common mental illnesses among American adults, is often assessed via self-reported measures. While self-reported measures provide an efficient step in capturing health symptoms from patients’ point of view, by their mere nature self-reported measures provide only a narrow interpretation of health symptoms. Capturing eye movements unobtrusively during self-reports, when patients summarize their experience of anxiety by choosing a single option among a set of alternatives, can provide invaluable insight about patients’ information processing and decision behavior. Because anxiety impacts how we attended to information that we use to select options, the objective moment-to-moment eye-movement data can substantially enrich the information that is typically provided by patients as single scores representing their anxiety levels. Supporting this point of view, our results indicate that eye movements may serve as valuable objective information complementing the subjective self-reported anxiety measures to enable more effective assessment and treatment of anxiety. Collapse

Topics: decision making innovation management

Methods: oculometry self reported survey regression analysis method survey experiment

Towards Open Data Impact Evaluation Framework - An Empirical Analysis of the Demand-side Response

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Ahmadi Zeleti, F.; Kerins, R.; Campbell, H.

Abstract: Open data is widely presumed to have a social, environmental, political, and ec ... Expand

Abstract: Open data is widely presumed to have a social, environmental, political, and economic impact; however, the evidence to that impact has remained scarce. The impacts must be explored and quantified to give a reasonable insight into the supply-side activities and demand-side responses. Collapse

Topics: open data online review data governance societal evaluation criteria decision making

Methods: case study survey survey design product review

The effect of lockup and persuasion on online investment decisions: An experimental study in ICOs

2023 | Electronic Markets | Citations: 0

Authors: Bruckner, Moritz T.; Steininger, Dennis M.; Thatcher, Jason Bennett; Veit, Daniel J.

Abstract: Many firms use social media (SM) to solicit online investments. In this study, w ... Expand

Abstract: Many firms use social media (SM) to solicit online investments. In this study, we examine the interaction between SM attributes and online-investment attributes to determine how this interaction shapes users’ investment decisions. Specifically, we investigate initial coin offerings (ICOs) as an application domain of distributed ledger technology for peer-to-peer investment. We use signaling theory to develop a context-specific explanation for how the interplay of persuasion signals found in SM and technology-enforced lockups shapes individuals’ ICO investment decisions. To evaluate this interplay, we conducted a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with 473 participants. The results show that when an investment does not require a technology-enforced lockup, persuasion signals encourage investments in ICOs; however, when an investment requires a technology-enforced lockup, persuasion signals do not affect investments in ICOs. Furthermore, our analyses suggest that combining a technology-enforced lockup and persuasion signals reduces the ICO’s plausibility. This is the first study to investigate how the willingness to invest in ICOs is influenced by the relationship between technology-enforced lockups and persuasion signals. The findings have practical implications for individuals attempting to make sound decisions on ICO investments, policymakers regulating online investments, and firms seeking to attract investors. Collapse

Topics: internet technology crowdfunding crowdsourcing Facebook blockchain

Methods: experimental group parametric test repeated measures ANOVA experimental design cross sectional research

Theories: signaling theory

Understanding active participation of online dating services: A mixed methods study

2023 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Chen, Qi; Yun, Guobiao; Lu, Jiandong; Wang, Xiaolei

Abstract: Online dating has transformed the way people meet and start relationships. Howev ... Expand

Abstract: Online dating has transformed the way people meet and start relationships. However, online dating platforms typically have many lurkers without active participation. Using a self-regulation framework, this paper aims to study users’ active participation in online dating through a mixed methods study. We first conducted qualitative and quantitative investigations with a machine learning method to explore user active participation and its antecedents. We then developed a theoretical model and conducted a statistical analysis of the model. The empirical findings showed that service quality and trust significantly affected individual active participation in a dating site through attachments to the daters and services. The findings of the study contribute to the extant literature by analyzing user participation in online dating from an attachment perspective. Collapse

Topics: service quality online dating participatory design online dating service Python

Methods: design methodology mixed method qualitative coding machine learning machine learning method

Theories: attachment theory marketing theory

What Motivates First-generation College Students to Consider an IT Career? An Integrative Perspective

2023 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Deng, Xuefei (Nancy); Zaza, Sam; Armstrong, Deborah

Abstract: A career in information technology (IT) presents a viable source of economic ad ... Expand

Abstract: A career in information technology (IT) presents a viable source of economic advancement for college graduates, yet ethnic minority students remain underrepresented in the IT workforce. Such underrepresentation is often exacerbated by their first-generation student (FGS) status. It, however, remains unclear what causes the discrepancy between FGSs and their counterparts in terms of their choice to enter into an IT career. To address this gap, this study aims to reveal the factors motivating FGSs to consider an IT career and examines the association of influencing factors with personal and demographic factors (gender, race, ethnicity). This qualitative research overlays capital theory and social cognitive career theory to develop an integrated sensitizing framework and draws on individual difference theory in interpreting the findings. Our analysis of the open-ended narrative responses of 193 surveys collected from a minority-serving university revealed 10 key factors influencing IT career choice. A theoretical model incorporating individual differences, generational status, and environmental influences is proposed to advance the discussion of influencing factors in IT career choice toward further theory building and empirical testing. The paper concludes with implications for motivating the IT career choice of the ethnic minority, first-generation student population. established career theory, premises various forms of capital as enablers of career decisions (Bourdieu, 1986), and has been previously applied in the information systems (IS) literature (e.g., Joshi et al., 2016). This qualitative positivist case study research develops an analytical generalization (Galli, 2011) regarding the IT career choices of ethnic minority college students. This approach is appropriate for identifying the applicability of key constructs for this population as we investigate their IT career choices. This paper proceeds as follows: We describe the context of our investigation in Section 2 and then review research on IT careers, social cognitive career theory, and capital theory, and their use in the IT context in Section 3. In Section 4, we present our research method and illustrate the data analysis procedures, and in Section 5, we detail the results regarding the motivating factors. In Section 6, we discuss the themes that emerge in ethnic minority college students' IT career choice motivations and propose a variance model based on prior research and our empirical findings. We discuss the study's contributions to theory and practice in Section 7, followed by the study's limitations and future research directions in Section 8. Collapse

Topics: IT career self efficacy IT workforce social capital individual characteristic

Methods: case study survey qualitative interview qualitative coding theory development

Theories: individual differences theory of gender difference theory

Challenges in the Model Development Process: Discussions with Data Scientists

2023 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Gerhart, Natalie; Torres, Russell; Giddens, Laurie

Abstract: Businesses are increasingly seeking out analytics to improve decision-making pr ... Expand

Abstract: Businesses are increasingly seeking out analytics to improve decision-making processes, although often with hesitations. Decision makers often do not have the sophisticated analytical skills needed to fully understand the analytics process. Contrastingly, data scientists may lack the business acumen needed to fully grasp the business context of the decision. In this research, we consider the perspective of the data scientist through a series of interviews to draw out challenges in the analytics process. We use principal-agent theory as a lens to shape our understanding of the conflict that arises due to goal misalignment and information asymmetry between the principal and agent. Findings are presented in the CRISP-DM process and a future research agenda is proposed. Collapse

Topics: decision making implicit knowledge data quality organizational impact organizational memory

Methods: Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining qualitative interview theory development mathematical model literature study

Theories: agency theory lemon market theory theory of bounded rationality

Ethical management of human-AI interaction: Theory development review

2023 | Journal of Strategic Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Heyder, Teresa; Passlack, Nina; Posegga, Oliver

Abstract: AI-based technologies have changed the nature of the symbiosis between humans an ... Expand

Abstract: AI-based technologies have changed the nature of the symbiosis between humans and AI, and so strategic management of human-AI interaction in organizations requires deeper ethical consid­ erations. Aligning AI with human values requires a systematic understanding of the ethical management of human-AI interaction. We conduct a theoretical review, from a sociotechnical perspective, and analyze ethical management of human-AI interaction through the lens of soci­ omateriality. Our systematic approach helps explain and clarify the interdependencies between two ethical perspectives – duty and virtue ethics – in sociotechnical systems. We also provide a theoretical framework that leads to seven avenues for future research. Collapse

Topics: human AI collaboration artificial intelligence database system strategic management responsible artificial intelligence

Methods: literature sample theory development literature study synthesis chatGPT

Theories: sociomaterialism theory socio technical theory sociotechnical systems theory

Doing More with Less: A Resource-Considerate Framework for SMEs on the Digital Transformation Journey

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Hoang, Ton Nu Huong Giang; Nguyen, Thi Phuong Quyen; Bashir, Munirah; Teo, Hock-Hai

Abstract: Digital transformation (DT) is widely acknowledged as an effective strategy to ... Expand

Abstract: Digital transformation (DT) is widely acknowledged as an effective strategy to enhance revenue and business operations efficiency. However, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) often face significant challenges in implementing DT initiatives due to their inherent resource constraints, such as limited financial resources or a small workforce. Unfortunately, existing literature on how SMEs can effectively embrace digital transformation is limited; available frameworks are primarily tailored to large organizations with more resources. Hence, this study aims to develop a pragmatic DT framework specifically designed to aid SMEs in overcoming resource constraints that impede their successful DT transformation, while also leveraging their agile capability. The digital transformation framework was developed by combining prior literature with insights gathered through focus group discussions with industry experts from various industries. Our research contributes to the existing digital transformation literature by formulating a novel resource-considerate framework that caters to SMEs' unique characteristics, allowing them to implement DT initiatives without overburdening their limited resources. Collapse

Topics: digital transformation strategic management digital business IT manager systems implementation

Methods: design requirement focus group group interview grounded theory theory development

The Analogue Disruption of Digitalization – The Local Bases of the Hospitality Industry in a Global Economy

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Högberg, Karin; Wihlborg, Elin; Snis, Ulrika; Svensson, Lars

Abstract: There are vital challenges for organization undergoing digital transformation, e ... Expand

Abstract: There are vital challenges for organization undergoing digital transformation, especially those that rely more and more on the ever-evolving platform economy. Third-party platforms have rearranged the market conditions for organisations, especially for service-based organisations such as hotels. The hotel industry faces key problems as they need to have the power to control and augment the value chain supported by an ongoing access to accurate data (such as online customer behavior). We discuss on a conceptual level how such disruptive economic changes appear in the analogue and physical practice, at place in hotel organisations. We explore the practice of analogue disruption as it emerges as struggles and discontinuities that may not bring the expected flow of value to the business. This paper aims to examine how analogue disruptions takes place due to the ongoing digitalization in the hotel sector through the platform economy. We here apply a qualitative analysis with interpretative methodologies, that will open for further knowledge and insights on the analogue disruption of digital transformation. Collapse

Topics: digital transformation business model digital ecosystem big data information system use

Methods: qualitative interview case study field study interpretative method qualitative coding