Blockchain Use Case in Ballistics and Crime Gun Tracing and Intelligence: Toward Overcoming Gun Violence

2023 | ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Akello, Patricia; Vemprala, Naga; Lang Beebe, Nicole; Raymond Choo, Kim-Kwang

Abstract: In the United States and around the world, gun violence has become a long-standi ... Expand

Abstract: In the United States and around the world, gun violence has become a long-standing public safety concern and a security threat, due to violent gun-related crimes, injuries, and fatalities. Although legislators and lawmakers have attempted to mitigate its threats through legislation, research on gun violence confirms the need for a comprehensive approach to gun violence prevention. This entails addressing the problem in as many ways as possible, such as through legislation, new technological advancements, re-engineering supply, and administrative protocols, among others. The research focuses on the technological, supply, and administrative aspects, in which we propose a manner of managing gun-related data efficiently from the point of manufacture/sale, as well as at points of transfers between secondary sellers for the improvement of criminal investigation processes. Making data more readily available with greater integrity will facilitate successful investigations and prosecutions of gun crimes. Currently, there is no single and uniform platform for firearm manufacturers, dealers, and other stakeholders involved in firearm sales, dissemination, management, and investigation. With the help of Blockchain technology, gun registry, ownership, transfers, and, most importantly, investigations, when crimes occur, can all be managed efficiently, breaking the cycle of gun violence. The identification of guns, gun tracing, and identification of gun owners/possessors rely on accuracy, integrity, and consistency in related systems to influence gun crime investigation processes. Blockchain technology, which uses a consensus-based approach to improve processes and transactions, is demonstrated in this study as a way to enhance these procedures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore and demonstrate the utility of Blockchain for gun-related criminal investigations using a design science approach. Collapse

Topics: blockchain criminality smart contract Ethereum access control

Methods: design artifact design science design process case study simulation

Blockchain innovation for consent self-management in health information exchanges

2023 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Anderson, Chad; Carvalho, Arthur; Kaul, Mala; Merhout, Jeffrey W.

Abstract: With the increasing digitalization of health data, patients need to make informe ... Expand

Abstract: With the increasing digitalization of health data, patients need to make informed decisions about the online sharing of their protected health information. This necessitates a robust technical infrastructure that enables patients to self-manage consent and the trusted exchange of this information across sharing entities. Unfortu­ nately, current health information exchange systems in the U.S. are limited in both these regards. While there is recent work on digital patient consent management, there is limited work that provides effective solutions for patient self-management of consent. Further, interoperability issues in the way health information exchanges are currently architected and differences in regulations across localities exacerbate the challenges of consent man­ agement. In this research, we survey potential patients' willingness to self-manage healthcare-related consent. Having established the desire for consent self-management, we propose a solution that enables the seamless sharing of patient consent across different healthcare providers and health information exchanges. Specifically, we use a rigorous design science approach to create a blockchain-based, self-managed patient consent system and we evaluate the design through an instantiated prototype. The results of our study should be useful to researchers in healthcare information management as well as to practitioners designing consent management systems. Our research contributes to design science research with an innovative, rigorously evaluated, design principles-based artifact that addresses a critical problem of sharing protected health information. Collapse

Topics: blockchain mobile application information exchange privacy Ethereum

Methods: survey design artifact design science design process design principle

Theories: evidence-based design

Seizing the Potential of Algorithms: The Power of Personalized Persuasive Messages on the Use of Algorithmic Advice

2023 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Asbach, Simon; Graf-Vlachy, Lorenz; Fügener, Andreas

Abstract: Recommendations of algorithms are frequently superior to human judgment, but hu ... Expand

Abstract: Recommendations of algorithms are frequently superior to human judgment, but humans often fail to seize the full potential of algorithms. Research has made initial advances to increase the use of algorithmic advice, but achieved levels remain far from optimal. However, research has not yet considered user personality traits to develop interventions to increase the use of algorithms. We propose to communicate the algorithmic advice via a persuasive message that fits the user's regulatory focus, i.e., the tendency towards promotion-versus prevention focus, to create regulatory fit. To test our hypotheses, we conduct an experiment with a forecasting task and 605 participants. Results support a positive effect of a persuasive message on the use of algorithmic advice. Further, results do not support a regulatory fit effect. Our article adds to theory and practice by developing and empirically testing novel interventions to increase the use of algorithms. Next research steps are discussed. Collapse

Topics: personality

Methods: computational algorithm experiment survey statistical hypothesis test statistical power analysis

Building Digital Trust to Protect Whistleblowers - A blockchain-based Reporting Channel

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Asprion, Petra; Grieder, Hermann; Grimmberg, Frank; Moriggl, Pascal

Abstract: Organizations today need internal reporting channels to report illegal/unethical ... Expand

Abstract: Organizations today need internal reporting channels to report illegal/unethical misconduct. For this purpose, organizations set up one or more - often digital - internal reporting channels. Persons/Employees who want to report misconduct, so-called whistleblowers, expose themselves to reprisals and therefore need trustworthy reporting channels which ensure ´Digital Trust´. Blockchain, a technology that overcomes the need for trust due to its properties of immutability and integrity of data, could be promising as underlying technology for a digital reporting channel which is recognized as trustworthy. In our research, we explored multiple perspectives relevant to a trustworthy digital reporting system. Applying design science research, we evaluated the current state of the art of (digital) reporting channels and developed a prototypical blockchain-based reporting solution called “Integrity@Inside”. The prototype is being iteratively demonstrated and pre-evaluated. Collapse

Topics: blockchain electronic health privacy IT security usability

Methods: design artifact qualitative interview design process design science expert panel

Sensing the Future: A Design Framework for Context-Aware Predictive Systems

2023 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Avital, Michel; Chatterjee, Samir; Furtak, Szymon

Abstract: Sensors embedded in smart objects, smart machines, and smart buildings produce ... Expand

Abstract: Sensors embedded in smart objects, smart machines, and smart buildings produce ever-growing streams of contextual data that convey information of interest about their operating environment. Although an increasing number of industries have embraced the utilization of sensors in routine operations, no clear framework is available to guide designers who aim to leverage contextual data collected from these sensors to develop predictive systems. In this paper, we applied design science research methodology to develop and evaluate a general framework that can help designers build predictive systems utilizing sensor data. Specifically, we developed a framework for designing context-aware predictive systems (CAPS). We then evaluated the framework through its application in MAN Diesel & Turbo, which served as a case company. The framework can be generalized into a class of demand-forecasting problems that rely on sensor-generated contextual data. The CAPS framework is unique and can help practitioners make better-informed decisions when designing context-aware predictive systems. Collapse

Topics: data quality evaluation criteria knowledge base systems design systems development

Methods: machine learning design science design artifact data transformation design process

Self-reporting Limitations in Information Systems Design Science Research

2023 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Citations: 0

Authors: Barata, João; da Cunha, Paulo Rupino; de Figueiredo, António Dias

Abstract: Besides increasing transparency and demonstrating awareness of the author, self- ... Expand

Abstract: Besides increasing transparency and demonstrating awareness of the author, self-reported limitations enable other researchers to effectively learn from, build on, validate, and extend the original work. However, this topic is understudied in information systems design science research (IS DSR). The study has assessed 243 IS DSR papers published in the period 2013–2022 and built a typology of the 19 most relevant limitations, organized into four categories: (1) Input Knowledge and Technology, (2) Research Process, (3) Resulting Artifact, and (4) Design Knowledge. Further, the contribution suggests actions to mitigate each type of limitation throughout the entire IS DSR project lifecycle. The authors have also created guidelines to report the limitations in a useful way for knowledge accumulation. The proposed typology and guidelines enable reviewers and editors to better frame self-reported limitations, assess rigor and relevance more systematically, and provide more precise feedback. Moreover, the contribution may help design researchers identify, mitigate, and effectively communicate the uncertainties inherent to all scientific advances. Collapse

Methods: literature sample literature study design science theory development synthesis

Consumer Participation in Virtual Product Design: 2D vs 3D Product Configurators

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Armeen, Inaiya; Niswanger, Ross; walden, eric

Abstract: The purpose of the proposed study is to investigate the effect of configurator ... Expand

Abstract: The purpose of the proposed study is to investigate the effect of configurator properties, such as the type of visualization and interaction offered, on the value that consumers attach to co-created products and the satisfaction they derive from the design process. To do this, this study will compare 2D product configurators with 3D product configurators. 2D product configurators use a series of images for product visualization whereas 3D configurators use 3D models that provide consumers with the ability to rotate objects in three dimensions. Drawing from the theory of cognitive dissonance, the theory of effectance motivation and the behavioral decision-making literature, this paper suggests that configurator properties influence perceptions of control and effort expenditure which in turn elicit various processes that influence the perceived value of co-created products and consumers' satisfaction with the design process. Collapse

Topics: decision making new product development participatory design

Methods: design process design methodology laboratory experiment

Theories: endowment effect cognitive dissonance theory

YUMA -An AI Planning Agent for composing IT Services from Infrastructure-as-Code Specifications

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Baer, F.; Leyer, M.

Abstract: Infrastructure-as-code enables cloud architects to automate IT service delivery ... Expand

Abstract: Infrastructure-as-code enables cloud architects to automate IT service delivery by specifying IT services through machine-readable definition files. To allow for a reusability of the infrastructure-as-code specifications, cloud architects specify IT services as compositions of sub-processes. As the AI planning agents for automated IT service composition proposed by prior research fall short in the infrastructure-as-code context, we design a search-based problem-solving agent named YUMA according to a design science research process to fill this research gap. YUMA holds a search tree reflecting the state space and transition model. It includes an algorithm for building the search tree and two algorithms for determining the minimum composition plan. The underlying IT service composition problem is explicated for the infrastructure-as-code context and formulated as a search problem. The results of the demonstration and evaluation show that YUMA fulfills the requirements necessary to solve this problem and digitizes an important task of cloud architects. Collapse

Topics: cloud computing artificial intelligence problem solving programming language source code

Methods: computational algorithm design artifact simulation reinforcement learning design process

Clinical research from information systems practice

2023 | European Journal of Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Baskerville, Richard; vom Brocke, Jan; Mathiassen, Lars; Scheepers, Helana

Abstract: An increasing presence of practitioners with doctoral degrees in Information Sys ... Expand

Abstract: An increasing presence of practitioners with doctoral degrees in Information Systems and related disciplines holds promise to advance Information Systems research. The prospect is to gain more knowledge from the practical experience of developing, using, and managing information systems in context. To scientifically capitalise on this opportunity, this EJIS special issue introduces the research genre of “Information Systems Clinical Research”. The genre presents knowledge generated from practitioner-researcher interventions to achieve desired outcomes in information systems development, use, and management practice contexts. In this editorial, we introduce and conceptualise the genre; we present a research framework that defines its four key elements; and we discuss how to address its key challenges in research projects. As a result, we derive ten criteria for rigorous Information Systems Clinical Research and provide examples on how the articles published in the special issue have addressed these criteria. We conclude with a call to further advance clinical research as an important part of the Information Systems discipline. Collapse

Topics: IS discipline innovation management IT skill systems development digital innovation

Methods: qualitative interview focus group field study literature sample qualitative coding

City 5.0: Citizen involvement in the design of future cities

2023 | Electronic Markets | Citations: 0

Authors: Becker, Jörg; Chasin, Friedrich; Rosemann, Michael; Beverungen, Daniel; Priefer, Jennifer; Brocke, Jan vom; Matzner, Martin; del Rio Ortega, Adela; Resinas, Manuel; Santoro, Flavia; Song, Minseok; Park, Kangah; Di Ciccio, Claudio

Abstract: A citizen-centric view is key to channeling technological affordances into the d ... Expand

Abstract: A citizen-centric view is key to channeling technological affordances into the development of future cities in which improvements are made with the quality of citizens’ life in mind. This paper proposes City 5.0 as a new citizen-centric design paradigm for future cities, in which cities can be seen as markets connecting service providers with citizens as consumers. City 5.0 is dedicated to eliminating restrictions that citizens face when utilizing city services. Our design paradigm focuses on smart consumption and extends the technology-centric concept of smart city with a stronger view on citizens’ roadblocks to service usage. Through a series of design workshops, we conceptualized the City 5.0 paradigm and formalized it in a semi-formal model. The applicability of the model is demonstrated using the case of a telemedical service offered by a Spanish public healthcare service provider. The usefulness of the model is validated by qualitative interviews with public organizations involved in the development of technology-based city solutions. Our contribution lies in the advancement of citizen-centric analysis and the development of city solutions for both academic and professional communities. Collapse

Topics: public good smart city innovation management database system business model

Methods: qualitative interview conceptual modelling entity relationship modeling personal interview design artifact