Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Information Systems: Perspectives to Responsible AI

2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 2

Authors: Dennehy, Denis; Griva, Anastasia; Pouloudi, Nancy; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.; Mäntymäki, Matti; Pappas, Ilias O.

Abstract: example the responsible design and governance (Mäntymäki et al., 2022b) of AI ... Expand

Abstract: example the responsible design and governance (Mäntymäki et al., 2022b) of AI systems. While organisations are increasingly investing in ethical AI and Responsible AI (RAI) (Zimmer et al., 2022), recent reports suggest that this comes at a cost and may lead to burnout in responsible-AI teams (Heikkilä, 2022). Thus, it is critical to consider how we educate about RAI (Grøder et al., 2022) and rethink our traditional learning designs (Pappas & Giannakos, 2021), as this can influence end-users' perceptions towards AI applications (Schmager et al., 2023) as well as how future employees approach the design and implementation of AI applications (Rakova et al., 2021;Vassilakopoulou et al., 2022).The use of algorithmic decision-making and decisionsupport processes, particularly AI is becoming increasingly pervasive in the public sector, also in high-risk application areas such as healthcare, traffic, and finance (European Commission, 2020). Against this backdrop, there is growing concern over the ethical use and safety of AI, fuelled by reports of ungoverned military applications (Butcher and Beridze, 2019; Dignum, 2020), privacy violations attributed to facial recognition technologies used by the police (Rezende, 2022), unwanted biases exhibited by AI applications used by courts (Imai et al., 2020), and racial biases in clinical algorithms (Vyas et al. 2020). The opacity and lack of explainability frequently attributed to AI systems makes evaluating the trustworthiness of algorithmic decisions challenging even for technical experts, let alone the public. Together with the algorithm-propelled proliferation of misinformation, hate speech and polarising content on social media platforms, there is a high risk for erosion of trust in algorithmic systems used by the public sector (Janssen et al., 2020). Ensuring that people can trust in the algorithmic processes is essential not only for reaping the potential benefits from AI (Dignum, 2020) but also for fostering trust and resilience at a societal level.AI researchers and practitioners have expressed their fears about AI systems being developed that are Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence IT governance decision making digital economy online learning system

Methods: chatbot theory development case study qualitative interview literature sample

Theories: technological frames of reference

Regulation of data-driven market power in the digital economy: Business value creation and competitive advantages from big data

2023 | Journal of Information Technology | Citations: 0

Authors: Fast, Victoria; Schnurr, Daniel; Wohlfarth, Michael

Abstract: Recent high-profile antitrust cases and policy proposals have put a spotlight on ... Expand

Abstract: Recent high-profile antitrust cases and policy proposals have put a spotlight on the relationship between firms’ access to big data and sustained competitive advantages in digital markets. In Europe, concerns about data-driven market power have led policymakers to propose far-reaching regulations of information technology (IT) in these markets. Despite the global policy relevance, the regulation of big data and its competitive effects has so far received little attention in information systems (IS) research. This article addresses this research gap by developing an overarching framework for future IS research on the role of IT for the regulation of data-driven market power. The proposed research framework builds upon a three-part analysis: First, we review the academic literature and show that there is extensive, although nuanced, empirical evidence for business value creation from big (user) data. Second, we draw on the resource-based view of the firm and recent policy reports to derive six facilitating factors that enable firms to establish market power based on sustained data-driven competitive advantages. Third, we characterize three regulatory approaches to govern market power and competition in data-driven digital markets: (i) empowering consumers, (ii) data openness, and (iii) limiting data scale. For each of these approaches, we highlight the key role of IT artifacts in mediating the effect of regulatory rules on actual practice. Collapse

Topics: electronic market competitive advantage organizational value value creation big data

Methods: design artifact machine learning literature study theory development archival research

Theories: transaction cost economics resource based view of the firm

Influence of digital transformation on the servitization level of manufacturing SMEs from static and dynamic perspectives

2023 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Gao, Jing; Zhang, Wanfei; Guan, Tao; Feng, Qiuhong; Mardani, Abbas

Abstract: The servitization transformation is an important strategic planning and developm ... Expand

Abstract: The servitization transformation is an important strategic planning and development trend for Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in manufacturing to break through the low-end locking of the global value chain and achieve high-quality transformation and upgrading. Digital transformation is a new expansion and the main focus of technology and service innovation in the process of enterprise servitization. To comprehensively evaluate the development status of Chinese manufacturing enterprises’ servitization level and explore the het­ erogeneity effect of digital transformation on enterprise servitization level, this study conducts the following research. By analyzing the influencing factors of manufacturing SMEs’ servitization level and the mechanism of digital transformation, this study combines the panel data of SMEs in manufacturing from 2015 to 2020 and evaluates their servitization levels from static and dynamic perspectives using super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index methods. Furthermore, this study examines the influence of digital trans­ formation on the servitization level of SMEs in manufacturing by using a digital input index and scenario comparison and analyzes the heterogeneous effects according to industry type. The results show that the ser­ vitization level of Chinese SMEs in manufacturing is not high, and its development is not balanced. Digital transformation plays a significant role in promoting the servitization of SMEs in manufacturing. The effect has obvious heterogeneity owing to differences in industry type. The research results can provide countermeasures and suggestions for the digitalization and servitization innovation development of SMEs in manufacturing, which can promote high-quality transformation and upgrading of Chinese SMEs in manufacturing and increase their position in the global value chain. Collapse

Topics: digital transformation innovation management electronic business productivity big data

Methods: longitudinal research data envelopment analysis trade-off analysis method Student's t-test parametric test

Introduction to the Minitrack on Hospitality and Tourism in a Global Digital Economy – New Models, Services, and Performance

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Gretzel, Ulrike; Wihlborg, Elin; Högberg, Karin

Abstract: ... Expand

Abstract: Collapse

Topics: analytical information system value creation digital economy

Introduction to the Minitrack on Human-Computer Interaction in the Digital Economy

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Jenkins, Jeffrey; Schneider, Christoph; Valacich, Joseph

Abstract: As the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) minitrack continues to evolve we have w ... Expand

Abstract: As the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) minitrack continues to evolve we have witnessed new and exciting avenues for exploration. In 2006, this minitrack was launched to provide an outlet for a variety of HCI research streams from a variety of disciplines. In 2013, we began including the areas neuroscience and design science. With the everincreasing role of information systems in all aspects of society, we moved the minitrack to the Internet and Digital Economy track in 2018, before joining forces with the minitrack on Digital Nudging in 2022. With a proliferation of input devices, contexts, and form factors, the area of human computer interaction has broadened considerably. At the same time, the design of human-computer interfaces continues to be a crucial factor influencing users' affective and cognitive reactions and behaviors; these trends-and otherscontribute to the continued need for theory-based HCI research in a variety of contexts and domains. Our aim is to get a truly cross-disciplinary understanding of HCI that informs research and impacts practice.The papers selected for the competitive HCI minitrack draw on this rich cross-disciplinary tradition. Given that HCI continues to evolve, we aim to provide a forum for the exchange of novel thoughts and ideas. We believe that the six papers presented in this minitrack are interesting, thought-provoking, and relevant for both research and practice. The accepted papers provide a cross-section of HCI and interface design issues in general as well as emerging contexts.The first set of papers broadly focuses on techniques to understand user behaviors during the interaction with human-computer interfaces. In the paper "Typing Fast versus Typing Slow: Using Typing Dynamics to Reveal Authentic and Imposter Users," draw on dual process theory to explain how task execution speeds are significantly faster when people have engaged in System 1 types of thinking (i.e., relying on intuition) than in System 2 thinking. In the second paper, titled Collapse

Topics: usability human computer interaction user interface digital economy internet technology

Methods: design science literature sample cross sectional research

Theories: dual-system theory

Dark Sides of the Platform Economy: Market Power and Its Abuse by Platform Orchestrators

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Kölbel, Tobias; Kunz, Daniel; Lamberty, Ricky

Abstract: Platforms drive the 21st century with orchestrating gatekeepers dominating the ... Expand

Abstract: Platforms drive the 21st century with orchestrating gatekeepers dominating the digital economy. Simultaneously, IT policymakers are increasingly concerned with antitrust regulation in the digital realm, abuse of market power, and monopolization cases against the most prominent digital platforms. This paper contributes to this ongoing debate by presenting the Platform Power Abuse Taxonomy. We provide an overview of abusive behaviors, considering the market position of platform orchestrators and differentiating platform types and affected market participants. Adopting a cross-platform approach, we rigorously analyze orchestrators' abuse vehicles and abuse tools to exploit their dominant position by incorporating findings from literature and real-world contexts. Collapse

Topics: electronic market digital platform price management legal context user interface

Methods: literature study literature sample case study qualitative interview structured literature research

Theories: lemon market theory

Does Data Privacy Regulation Only Benefit Contracting Parties? Evidence from International Digital Product Market

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 1

Authors: Li, Ziru; Lee, Gunwoong; Raghu, T. S.; Shi, Zhan

Abstract: The General Data Protection Regulation (GDRP) is considered a significant step i ... Expand

Abstract: The General Data Protection Regulation (GDRP) is considered a significant step in global privacy laws. Our paper reveals counterintuitive and heterogeneous effects of GDPR on business performance in the digital products market from an international trade perspective. Based on a unique dataset, we empirically examine whether the rollout of the GDPR affects internal and external mobile app performance in European countries by using a difference-in-differences framework. We find that, in European countries, the implementation of GDPR has significantly increased the performance of mobile apps published outside the EU and decreased the performance of mobile apps published within the EU. We further conduct comprehensive robustness checks and explore the mechanisms. This paper reveals that given the more stringent privacy control instituted by GDPR, consumer privacy concerns over foreign products or services largely reduce. European citizens are more open-minded and willing to use foreign digital goods after the rollout of GDPR. Collapse

Topics: mobile application legal context General Data Protection Regulation privacy digital product

Methods: robustness check longitudinal research natural experiment usage data

Digital transformation and European small and medium enterprises (SMEs): A comparative study using digital economy and society index data

2023 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 1

Authors: Skare, Marinko; de las Mercedes de Obesso, María; Ribeiro-Navarrete, Samuel

Abstract: Digital transformation is profoundly transforming SMEs’ business activities, bri ... Expand

Abstract: Digital transformation is profoundly transforming SMEs’ business activities, bringing about comparative ad­ vantages and associated risks. Previous studies on digital transformation and SMEs focus on technology adoption, innovation, new value creation, and dynamic capabilities. However, it is unclear how digital technology affects SMEs’ specific business activities. We study SMEs’ customer access, increasing competition, external funding or access to finance, rising input costs, skilled labor shortages, exogenous shocks, global crises, and regulatory is­ sues. This study aims to fill the literature gap by exploring the impact of digital technology, using digital economy and society index (DESI) as proxies for the SME issues. We use DESI and SME data from a survey on European enterprises’ access to finance. We find that digital transformation strengthens SMEs’ ability and flexibility to address main business issues. Furthermore, findings reveal that digitally transformed SMEs have fewer concerns about access to new and traditional customers, competition changes, access to finance, increasing input costs, external shocks, and regulatory changes. However, digital transformation also brings risks, such as the shortage of skilled labor and experienced managers and loss of inherent competitiveness. The novelty of our work lies in supplying quantitative knowledge on the link between digital transformation and European SMEs’ critical business concerns. These findings substantially increase our understanding of the impact of digital change on European SMEs’ business activities. Collapse

Topics: digital transformation database system pandemic business model supply chain management

Methods: cross sectional research survey Wald test data modeling design science

Exploring Future Personalization Opportunities in Technologies used by Older Adults with Mild to Moderate Dementia

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Wood, Rachel; Dixon, Emma; Elsayed-Ali, Salma; Shokeen, Ekta; Lazar, Amanda; Lazar, Jonathan

Abstract: Technologies for aging are a growing market. These technologies have significant ... Expand

Abstract: Technologies for aging are a growing market. These technologies have significant potential to support individuals whose cognitive changes can make everyday activities challenging. However, the adoption and use of these technologies by people with dementia (PwD) remain poor, indicating potential accessibility and usability issues. Such barriers limit PwD’s ability to contribute to the digital economy and fully engage with society. Personalization, which aligns technology with someone’s unique needs and preferences, may address these issues. We used mixed methods with ten people with mild to moderate dementia to explore how previous ways to personalize (i.e., Windows OS built-in features and settings) and newer personalization applications (i.e., Morphic) might reveal future opportunities for personalization features in technology for aging. This study contributes fifteen design considerations, which, if implemented, may increase the involvement of PwD in the digital economy and society. Collapse

Topics: usability personalization information system use user experience Microsoft Windows

Methods: design science usability testing personal interview experiment cognitive walkthrough

Theories: cognitive load theory

Early-age Digital Experience Helps Form IT Identity and Its Impact on Workplace Performance

2022 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Chen, Liping; Xu, Minya; Savoli, Azadeh

Abstract: One of the most anticipated questions in the digital age is how the generation ... Expand

Abstract: One of the most anticipated questions in the digital age is how the generation who grew up with digital technologies will behave in the workplace. We investigate the role of earlyage digital experience on performance drawing on IT identity theory. Specifically, we hypothesized that early-age digital experience indirectly relates to job performance and work innovation sequentially via IT identity and digital creativity. Additionally, perceived managerial support amplifies IT identity's influences on digital creativity as well as the indirect effects of early-age digital experience on work results. Data collected via a multiple-source and multiple-wave survey from 281 employees in a large Internet company support the research model. This research enriches the understanding of what drives individuals' digital creativity and demonstrates that employees with early-age digital experience are critical resources for organizational competitive advantage in a digital economy. Practical implications for employees' early-age digital use and workplace management are discussed. Collapse

Topics: innovation management task productivity perceived usefulness perceived ease of use information system use

Methods: survey chi squared test post-hoc analysis longitudinal research data transformation

Theories: identity theory unified theory of acceptance and use of technology