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When Reflection Hurts: The Effect of Cognitive Processing Types on Organizational Adaptation to Discontinuous Change
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2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 1
Authors: Alves, Marlon Fernandes Rodrigues; Vastola, Vincenzo; Vasconcelos Ribeiro Galina, Simone; Zollo, Maurizio

Abstract: Technological breakthroughs, institutional disruptions, and natural disasters of ... Expand

Abstract: Technological breakthroughs, institutional disruptions, and natural disasters often alter the course of organizations and entire industries. Such discontinuous changes threaten organizations’ survival by affecting the value of the knowledge accumulated in routines and capabilities. Although it is widely acknowledged that managerial cognition is a critical antecedent of organizational responses to discontinuous change, the role of type 1 (intuitive) and type 2 (reflective) processing in the adaptation of shared patterns of behavior, that is, routines, remains understudied. Drawing on dual-process theory, we propose that particular features of type 1 processing render this approach superior to type 2 processing, especially in highly ambiguous environments in which information is limited and difficult to verify. We tested our hypotheses in a longitudinal experiment linking individual-level factors with organizational-level practices of routine adaptation. Experienced managers, paired in 80 groups, developed routines in a first round of a simulation game; in a second round, we then introduced a discontinuous change making previous routines obsolete in order to observe how they adapted. The data show that priming type 1 processing facilitates organizational adaptation more than type 2 processing by providing faster, more routinized, efficiently coordinated, and optimal responses. In addition, type 1 appears to be more functional in highly ambiguous environments, whereas type 1 and type 2 processes yield similar levels of performance under low levels of ambiguity. Overall, our study advances the understanding of the nondeliberative dimension of organizational adaptation to discontinuous change.History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.Funding: This work was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Finance Code 001).Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1517. Collapse

Semantic filters: dual-system theory

Topics: decision making strategic management innovation management problem solving task productivity

Methods: experiment longitudinal research parametric test ANOVA statistical hypothesis test

Theories: dual-system theory dynamic capabilities theory
How mindfulness decreases cyberloafing at work: a dual-system theory perspective
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2023 | European Journal of Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Chen, Qian; Gong, Yeming; Lu, Yaobin; Chau, Patrick Y.K.

Abstract: Cyberloafing is a prevalent phenomenon in organisations that may cause serious p ... Expand

Abstract: Cyberloafing is a prevalent phenomenon in organisations that may cause serious problems. In previous studies, cyberloafing has been studied as planned and intentional behaviour. Interestingly, we have observed that cyberloafing frequently happens when employees use smartphones to assist with work tasks, but they may not necessarily intend to engage in this activity. We distinguish between active and passive cyberloafing and focus on studying the latter. Based on dual-systems theory, we introduce the construct of mindfulness in the exploration of the antecedences and internal mechanism of passive cyberloafing. We conducted a research survey with employees who use smartphones to assist with work tasks and collected 474 valid questionnaires to examine our research model. The results showed that dual systems are associated with cyberloafing by influencing mind-wandering, and mindfulness significantly decreased mind-wandering when using a smartphone. This study analyses cyberloafing from an innovative neuroscience perspective and contributes to the literature by proposing a new classification of cyberloafing behaviour, reveals the internal mechanism of how dual systems impact an individual’s behaviour, and introduces mindfulness as an antecedent factor of dual systems. Collapse

Semantic filters: dual-system theory

Topics: mindfulness smartphone social network information system use personality

Methods: survey data transformation SEM tool factor analysis exploratory factor analysis

Theories: dual-system theory big five model general systems theory
Thinking Fast and Thinking Slow: Digital Devices' Effects on Cognitive Reflection
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2023 | Journal of Management Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Figl, Kathrin; Remus, Ulrich

Abstract: Informed by theoretical perspectives on working memory demands and devices' pote ... Expand

Abstract: Informed by theoretical perspectives on working memory demands and devices' potential to "prime" different types of cognitive processing, this paper investigates whether we tend to think "faster" and more intuitively, with less reflection when we use a smartphone instead of a personal computer (PC) or notebook. Three complementary experimental studies with a total of 823 participants reveal that the results of using such devices surface only when participants can select the smartphone as their preferred device. Controlling for potential confounding variables reveals no evidence of general differences between devices. Our findings caution against overemphasizing the importance of the type of device in thinking slow or fast and establish self-selection bias as an important factor in explaining such differences. This study contributes to clarifying the psychology of smartphone screens and how humans make choices when they are using these devices. Collapse

Semantic filters: dual-system theory

Topics: smartphone electronic mail social media decision making laptop computer

Methods: survey within subject experiment longitudinal research experiment hierarchical linear modeling

Theories: dual-system theory cognitive theory
Bots with Feelings: Should AI Agents Express Positive Emotion in Customer Service?
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2023 | Information Systems Research | Citations: 0
Authors: Han, Elizabeth; Yin, Dezhi; Zhang, Han

Abstract: Customer service employees are generally advised to express positive emotion dur ... Expand

Abstract: Customer service employees are generally advised to express positive emotion during their interactions with customers. The rise and maturity of artificial intelligence (AI)–powered conversational agents, also known as chatbots, beg the question: should AI agents be equipped with the ability to express positive emotion during customer service interactions? This research explores how, when, and why an AI agent’s expression of positive emotion affects customers’ service evaluations. We argue that AI-expressed positive emotion can influence customers via dual pathways: an affective pathway of emotional contagion and a cognitive pathway of expectation–disconfirmation. We propose that positive emotion expressed by an AI agent (versus a human employee) is less effective in facilitating service evaluations because of a heightened level of expectation–disconfirmation. We further introduce a novel individual difference variable, customers’ relationship norm orientation, which affects their expectations toward the AI agent and moderates the cognitive pathway. Results from three laboratory experiments substantiate our claims. By revealing a distinctive impact of positive emotion expressed by an AI agent compared with a human employee, these findings deepen our understanding of customers’ reactions to emotional AIs, and they offer valuable insights for the deployment of AIs in customer service. History: Deepa Mani, Senior Editor; Pallab Sanyal, Associate Editor. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1179. Collapse

Semantic filters: dual-system theory

Topics: artificial intelligence service quality customer service human AI collaboration social media

Methods: analysis of covariance experiment statistical hypothesis test chatbot theory development

Theories: information theory dual-system theory
Affordance Perception Through a Digital Mindset: A Dual Process Theory Perspective

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Hildebrandt, Yannick; Beimborn, Daniel

Abstract: ... Expand

Abstract: Collapse

Semantic filters: dual-system theory

Topics: affordance user experience usability crowdsourcing mindfulness

Methods: experiment analysis of covariance survey statistical hypothesis test parametric test

Theories: theory of affordance dual-system theory
Introduction to the Minitrack on Human-Computer Interaction in the Digital Economy

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0
Authors: Jenkins, Jeffrey; Schneider, Christoph; Valacich, Joseph

Abstract: As the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) minitrack continues to evolve we have w ... Expand

Abstract: As the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) minitrack continues to evolve we have witnessed new and exciting avenues for exploration. In 2006, this minitrack was launched to provide an outlet for a variety of HCI research streams from a variety of disciplines. In 2013, we began including the areas neuroscience and design science. With the everincreasing role of information systems in all aspects of society, we moved the minitrack to the Internet and Digital Economy track in 2018, before joining forces with the minitrack on Digital Nudging in 2022. With a proliferation of input devices, contexts, and form factors, the area of human computer interaction has broadened considerably. At the same time, the design of human-computer interfaces continues to be a crucial factor influencing users' affective and cognitive reactions and behaviors; these trends-and otherscontribute to the continued need for theory-based HCI research in a variety of contexts and domains. Our aim is to get a truly cross-disciplinary understanding of HCI that informs research and impacts practice.The papers selected for the competitive HCI minitrack draw on this rich cross-disciplinary tradition. Given that HCI continues to evolve, we aim to provide a forum for the exchange of novel thoughts and ideas. We believe that the six papers presented in this minitrack are interesting, thought-provoking, and relevant for both research and practice. The accepted papers provide a cross-section of HCI and interface design issues in general as well as emerging contexts.The first set of papers broadly focuses on techniques to understand user behaviors during the interaction with human-computer interfaces. In the paper "Typing Fast versus Typing Slow: Using Typing Dynamics to Reveal Authentic and Imposter Users," draw on dual process theory to explain how task execution speeds are significantly faster when people have engaged in System 1 types of thinking (i.e., relying on intuition) than in System 2 thinking. In the second paper, titled Collapse

Semantic filters: dual-system theory

Topics: usability human computer interaction user interface digital economy internet technology

Methods: design science literature sample cross sectional research

Theories: dual-system theory
Typing Fast versus Typing Slow: Using Typing Dynamics to Reveal Authentic and Imposter Users

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0
Authors: Kim, David; Valacich, Joseph; Jenkins, Jeff; Kumar, Manasvi

Abstract: Real-time assessment of users' cognitive states has practical importance, allowi ... Expand

Abstract: Real-time assessment of users' cognitive states has practical importance, allowing organizations to infer user behaviors. Realizing its importance, prior studies – specifically those using mouse cursor movements – have applied various theories to answer a similar question, i.e., how does a high cognitive load influence the users' device usage behavior? While numerous activities can increase cognitive load, we argue that the mechanisms behind how humans process information can more holistically be explained using Dual Process Theory (DPT) (i.e., when cognitive load is either low or high) and can be applied under a broad range of usage contexts. Using a within-participant experiment and a simple typing task, we demonstrate that DPT is robust to work by examining DPT and mouse cursor movements. Specifically, users' typing speed and task execution are significantly slower when engaged in the task (System 2) and significantly faster when completing the task with lower cognitive effort and engagement (System 1). Collapse

Semantic filters: dual-system theory

Topics: human computer interaction usability information system use mobile phone misinformation

Methods: experiment Student's t-test parametric test statistical hypothesis test survey

Theories: dual-system theory
Investigating usefulness configurations of online consumer reviews: A Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0
Authors: Kwon, B.; Jahng, J.

Abstract: Online reviews have a significant impact on consumers' purchasing decisions. Ma ... Expand

Abstract: Online reviews have a significant impact on consumers' purchasing decisions. Many researchers have studied the relationship between review usefulness based on various factors related to online review, but existing studies have focused only on the linear relationship between variables methodologically. Therefore, this study examines the usefulness of online reviews from a configurational perspective derived from the complex interactions between elements, and aims to identify how these configurations differ according to product types. This study developed a conceptual model by combining HSM and ELM based on the theoretical discussion on the information processing and analyzed 7,316 cases collected from Amazon.com using fsQCA. As a result, three configurations affecting online usefulness were derived from search goods and four from experience goods. In short, consumers consume reviews through the complex interaction of various factors related to reviews, and the factors affecting the usefulness of search goods and experience goods are different. Collapse

Semantic filters: dual-system theory

Topics: online review experience good user-generated content mobile phone video game

Methods: conceptual modelling computational algorithm regression analysis method theoretical contribution qualitative content analysis

Theories: complexity theory dual-system theory
Microfoundations of Problem Solving: Attentional Engagement Predicts Problem-Solving Strategies
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2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0
Authors: Laureiro-Martinez, Daniella; Arrieta, Jose Pablo; Brusoni, Stefano

Abstract: Organizations use a plethora of methods and tools to help their members solve pr ... Expand

Abstract: Organizations use a plethora of methods and tools to help their members solve problems effectively. Yet the specifics of how individuals solve problems remain largely unexplored. We propose and test a cognitive model of problem solving that integrates dual process theories into the attention-based view. The model suggests that diverse problem-solving strategies emerge in response to how individuals deliberate. Three studies provide observational and causal evidence in support of our model. The first study explores the strategies managers use to solve problems. We use think-aloud protocols combined with content, sequence, and cluster analyses to extract the key differences in how experienced managers solve problems. Two problem-solving strategies emerge from the data: one emphasizes mental activities related to framing, and the other emphasizes mental activities related to implementation. In the second study, we use a mixed factorial experimental design and mouse-tracking analysis to uncover the causal mechanism that explains the emergence of these two strategies. We then retest our hypotheses in a third, preregistered, study. We find that manipulating attention toward mental activities related to framing increases deliberation aimed at restructuring the problem elements. In contrast, directing attention toward mental activities related to implementation increases deliberation on the potential contingencies and consequences of the solution. Our findings provide empirical evidence about how problems are actually solved and support the idea that attentional processes are malleable enough to affect the choice of problem-solving strategies.History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.Funding: For Study 1, funding from EC NEST-2006-PATH-Cul, CID-Cultural and Innovation Dynamics: FP6-043345 is gratefully acknowledged.Supplemental Material: The supplemental material is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2019.13213. Collapse

Semantic filters: dual-system theory

Topics: problem solving decision making pandemic design thinking stage-gate model

Methods: descriptive statistic experiment cluster analysis cognitive walkthrough statistical hypothesis test

Theories: dual-system theory
A Design Theory for Certification Presentations
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2023 | ACM SIGMIS Database | Citations: 0
Authors: Lins, Sebastian; Becker, Jan-Michael; Lyytinen, Kalle; Sunyaev, Ali

Abstract: Prior information system research remains inconsistent of the effects of system ... Expand

Abstract: Prior information system research remains inconsistent of the effects of system certifications. In their current use, certifications are often reduced to graphical seals. This approach fails to incorporate detailed assurance information emanating from the certification process. To address this gap, we adopt a design science approach and deploy a four-phase research design to clarify how to design impactful IS certification presentations. First, we identify sources of users' limited understanding of seals and formulate a design proposal for a certification presentation by drawing upon the elaboration likelihood model. In the second phase, we formulate and validate a set of design meta-requirements and guidelines to improve certification presentation, using cognitive load theory and Toulmin's model of argumentation as kernel theories. In the third phase, new certification presentations that comply with the proposed guidelines are developed and evaluated for their effectiveness. We show that presentations that augment seal-based certification presentations with richer assurance information improve certification effectiveness. This increases users' assurance and trust perceptions when the presentations align with the users' cognitive information processing needs in ways that reduce their cognitive load and enhance argument quality of assurance information. Collapse

Semantic filters: dual-system theory

Topics: cloud computing website information privacy concern cloud storage data quality

Methods: experiment design guideline experimental group survey design artifact

Theories: argumentation theory dual-system theory cognitive load theory elaboration likelihood model

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Found 120 articles

When Reflection Hurts: The Effect of Cognitive Processing Types on Organizational Adaptation to Discontinuous Change

How mindfulness decreases cyberloafing at work: a dual-system theory perspective

Thinking Fast and Thinking Slow: Digital Devices' Effects on Cognitive Reflection

Bots with Feelings: Should AI Agents Express Positive Emotion in Customer Service?

Affordance Perception Through a Digital Mindset: A Dual Process Theory Perspective

Introduction to the Minitrack on Human-Computer Interaction in the Digital Economy

Typing Fast versus Typing Slow: Using Typing Dynamics to Reveal Authentic and Imposter Users

Investigating usefulness configurations of online consumer reviews: A Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis

Microfoundations of Problem Solving: Attentional Engagement Predicts Problem-Solving Strategies

A Design Theory for Certification Presentations