How AI-Based Systems Can Induce Reflections: The Case of AI-Augmented Diagnostic Work

2023 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0

Authors: Abdel-Karim, Benjamin; Pfeuffer, Nicolas; Carl, K. Valerie; Hinz, Oliver

Abstract: This paper addresses a thus-far neglected dimension in human-artificial intelli ... Expand

Abstract: This paper addresses a thus-far neglected dimension in human-artificial intelligence (AI) augmentation: machine-induced reflections. By establishing a grounded theoretical-informed model of machine-induced reflection, we contribute to the ongoing discussion in information systems (IS) regarding AI and research on reflection theories. In our multistage study, physicians used a machine learning-based (ML) clinical decision support system (CDSS) to see if and how this interaction can stimulate reflective practice in the context of an X-ray diagnosis task. By analyzing verbal protocols, performance metrics, and survey data, we developed an integrative theoretical foundation to explain how ML-based systems can help stimulate reflective practice. Individuals engage in more critical or shallower modes depending on whether they perceive a conflict or agreement with these CDSS systems, which in turn leads to different levels of reflection depth. By uncovering the process of machine-induced reflections, we offer IS research a different perspective on how such AI-based systems can help individuals become more reflective, and consequently more effective, professionals. This perspective stands in stark contrast to the traditional, efficiency-focused view of MLbased decision support systems and also enriches theories on human-AI augmentation. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence decision making decision support system algorithmic transparency recommender system

Methods: cognitive walkthrough survey theory development qualitative interview Student's t-test

Theories: learning theory information systems theory theory of abduction

Online Labor Platforms and the Role of Job Security and Compensation (Mis)Fits for Gig Workers

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 1

Authors: Adam, Martin; Wiener, Martin; Benlian, Alexander

Abstract: Online labor platforms (OLPs) use algorithms to manage their workers. Prior res ... Expand

Abstract: Online labor platforms (OLPs) use algorithms to manage their workers. Prior research has examined how OLP management shapes workers' attitudes, implicitly assuming that workers have the same preferences. However, research has largely neglected the role of (mis)fits between what workers need and what they receive from OLPs. Therefore, we conducted a survey with 121 Mechanical Turk workers and used polynomial regression analysis of workers' actual needs and perceived OLP supplies. Our results suggest that higher job security fit decreases perceived exploitation and increases system satisfaction, whereas higher compensation fit decreases perceived exploitation. In addition, we find that job security misfit has decreasing marginal effects on perceived exploitation and increasing marginal effects on system satisfaction. Overall, we contribute to a more nuanced understanding of workers' reactions to the design of OLPs by shedding light on the interplay between what gig workers need and what they perceive to receive from such platforms. Collapse

Topics: IS satisfaction platform worker algorithmic management digital platform ride sharing platform

Methods: survey regression analysis method cross sectional research polynomial regression theoretical contribution

Building Climate Resilience in Smart Cities Using Open Data Services

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Ahdekivi, V.; Ghanbari, H.; Rossi, M.

Abstract: Climate change and its consequences are among modern societies' most critical c ... Expand

Abstract: Climate change and its consequences are among modern societies' most critical challenges. To that end, cities have focused on using information technology in their climate mitigation efforts in smart cities. Considering the magnitude of the problem and its impact on our societies, the need for building climate-resilient smart cities is crucial. In this study, we aim to understand how smart cities can achieve climate resilience. Conducting an exploratory field study and using the urban climate resilience framework as a theoretical lens, we suggest that smart cities can leverage the potential of open data and citizen engagement to reach climate resilience. In particular, our results show that building climateresilient cities requires structural changes in citizen engagement processes and climate considerations. To that end, open data services and tools can be used to improve citizen engagement processes and develop more sustainable smart city solutions. Collapse

Topics: smart city open data climate change digital dashboard crowdsourcing

Methods: qualitative interview field study qualitative content analysis personal interview qualitative coding

Between Handholding and Hand-held Devices: Marketing Through Smartphone Innovation and Women’s Entrepreneurship in Post Conflict Economies in Times of Crisis

2023 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0

Authors: Ameen, Nisreen; Madichie, Nnamdi O.; Anand, Amitabh

Abstract: There is a wide gender gap in developing countries due to a range of cultural, e ... Expand

Abstract: There is a wide gender gap in developing countries due to a range of cultural, economic and political barriers. This is even more accentuated in post conflict economies in times of crisis. Smartphones and mobile applications can help to narrow this gap. The economic and non-economic challenges facing women entrepreneurs and the role of smartphone innovation in overcoming these challenges and developing strong marketing strategies were investigated. We drew on the 5 M model to investigate how mobile applications can support women entrepreneurs. We conducted thirty interviews with women entrepreneurs in Iraq. The findings show that mobile applications provided these entrepreneurs with innovative ways to overcome many of the challenges they face in relation to running a business. The research provides theoretical contributions by developing an integrated, multilevel analytical model on women in entrepreneurship based on extending the 5 M model with new technology-related elements. Practical, policy and managerial implications are discussed. Collapse

Topics: smartphone mobile system mobile application entrepreneurship marketing management

Methods: qualitative interview theoretical contribution personal interview synthesis mathematical model

Theories: theory of economic development

Managing compliance with privacy regulations through translation guardrails: A health information exchange case study

2023 | Information and Organization | Citations: 0

Authors: Anderson, Chad; Baskerville, Richard; Kaul, Mala

Abstract: Information privacy is increasingly important in our digitally connected world, ... Expand

Abstract: Information privacy is increasingly important in our digitally connected world, particularly in healthcare, and privacy regulations are ramping up to promote appropriate privacy practices. As a digital platform that enables healthcare providers to exchange protected health information (PHI), a health information exchange (HIE) is governed by health information privacy regula­ tions. The challenge for HIEs is to operate in a way that will maximize information exchange while maintaining compliance with regulations that may constrain the sharing of PHI. Regula­ tions impose a measure of universality through compliance requirements, while being flexible to allow adaptation to the local context. However, our longitudinal case study into the privacy policies of an HIE, demonstrates that the journey of privacy ideas from their original formulation in regulations, to their ultimate enactment in an organizational setting, is accompanied by translations, such that the final implementation may vary extensively from its original form. Such variability often results in interpretations that differ from what the regulators intended. Conse­ quently, translation guardrails are necessary to protect against problematic translations of reg­ ulatory ideas which could lead to compliance issues and loss of platform participation. Our findings offer two contributions. First, we contribute to the compliance literature by explaining how guardrails can balance the use of permission and obligation schemas which are necessary to translate regulations into effective organizational policies for the success of HIEs and other in­ formation exchange platforms. Second, we contribute to extending translation theory by explaining how pragmatic reasoning schemas function as the mechanism through which trans­ lation of regulations occurs. Collapse

Topics: privacy information privacy law data security information exchange legal context

Methods: qualitative interview longitudinal research case study longitudinal case study literature study

Theories: organizational behavior theory

Enhancing Trust, Efficiency, and Empowerment in Sports: Developing a Blockchain-Based Fan Token Framework

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Ante, Lennart; Schellinger, Benjamin; Wazinski, Friedrich-Philipp

Abstract: Blockchain-based fan tokens provide token holders with certain rights, incentiv ... Expand

Abstract: Blockchain-based fan tokens provide token holders with certain rights, incentivizing fan engagement and decision-making within sports organizations. Despite the recent surge in interest, acceptance and technical advancement, a profound understanding of the technical, functional, and conceptual foundations of fan tokens is still lacking, necessitating further research and practical insights. Drawing on customer and fan engagement theory and utilizing a single case study approach, we analyzed the market-leading platform Socios for the issuance and operation of fan tokens. Our analysis yields a generic blockchain-based fan token framework that includes the constructs: 1) Trust and efficiency layer, 2) utility and 3) financialization features. The latter two constructs promote fan token holder empowerment. In addition, we extend the current definition of fan tokens to the context of blockchain. Our findings indicate that fan tokens are still in a nascent stage, requiring continued research and development. Collapse

Topics: blockchain tokenomics website web application mobile application

Methods: case study single case study survey cluster analysis multidimensional modeling

Theories: job engagement theory

Exploring Parental Influence on Children's Cyber Hygiene

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Armeen, Inaiya; Yang, Ning; Abbaraju, Pranith

Abstract: In today's digital age, children are highly vulnerable to various cybersecurity ... Expand

Abstract: In today's digital age, children are highly vulnerable to various cybersecurity threats, highlighting the importance of instilling good cyber hygiene. While several factors contribute to children's cyber hygiene, parents in particular play a crucial role. This study examines how parents influence their children's cyber hygiene. Drawing on role model theory and parental mediation theory, we propose that parental factors, such as their cyber hygiene practices, guidance through open conversations about online safety, restrictions on device and internet usage, and digital safety measures, can positively impact their children's cyber hygiene. We plan to use a mixed-methods design that includes semi-structured interviews and surveys to test our hypotheses. The findings of this study will contribute to the literature on cyber hygiene and aid in developing effective strategies to promote good cyber hygiene among children. Collapse

Topics: information system use

Methods: mixed method survey personal interview qualitative interview conceptual modelling

Theories: psychological theory social learning theory

Lessons from enterprise systems competency centers in adopting digital transformation initiatives: An assemblage approach

2023 | Information and Organization | Citations: 0

Authors: Aryal, Arun; Truex, Duane; El Amrani, Redouane

Abstract: Firms are increasingly adopting digital transformation as a strategic priority. ... Expand

Abstract: Firms are increasingly adopting digital transformation as a strategic priority. However, the path to successful transformation remains uncertain for many organizations. This paper examines the establishment and evolution of competency centers in two case study organizations, historically used in enterprise systems, in addressing the complexity and challenges of digital transformation. The interactions within these competency centers are analyzed through assemblage theory to understand the emergent relations between heterogeneous parts (technology, people, and orga­ nization) and the dynamic processes of new configurations. The insights from this research show the critical role of the competency center in any enterprise system’s success and how it could continue playing a central role in future digital transformation initiatives. By providing a new lens to examine these issues, the assemblage theory provided a new theoretical perspective to the IS field and a new alternative empirical setting to the organizational literature. Collapse

Topics: enterprise information system digital transformation enterprise resource planning IT skill business process management

Methods: qualitative interview case study personal interview design artifact literature study

THE DARK SIDE OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS: UNDERSTANDING SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES' DEPENDENCE ON THIRD-PARTY PLATFORMS

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Asadullah, Ahmad; Faik, Isam; Lim, Shi Ying

Abstract: The digital platform business model has evolved and become a dominant form of e ... Expand

Abstract: The digital platform business model has evolved and become a dominant form of economic interaction worldwide. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) had to shift their business to platforms to survive in this new market. While existing studies show the positive side of SMEs' use of platforms, there has been little research on the dark side of their participation in the platform economy, particularly their high dependence on platforms. We conducted a qualitative study to examine the mechanisms of dependence and its repercussions on SMEs' performance. Our findings suggest that SMEs' dependence on platforms arises from high importance, low discretion, and limited substitutability. We also find that, beyond their dependence on single platforms, SMEs generally become dependent on an oligopolistic system of dominant platforms. This dependence heightens the power asymmetry between platforms and SMEs. We highlight major manifestations of this power asymmetry, including the platform's ability to restrict access to resources and to prioritize different stakeholders' interests in their ecosystem. Collapse

Topics: electronic commerce digital platform business-to-consumer website electronic business

Methods: qualitative interview field study computational algorithm personal interview theory development

Theories: resource dependency theory

Quality Indicators of Online Cancer Communities from the Perspective of Cancer-Affected People

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Badreddine, Basma; Blount, Yvette; Amrollahi, Alireza

Abstract: Online cancer communities established by non-profit cancer organisations help ca ... Expand

Abstract: Online cancer communities established by non-profit cancer organisations help cancer-affected people seeking information and facing emotional and psychological challenges to communicate and interact with a network of people suffering from similar issues. However, the quality features of online cancer communities from the perception of users of the information are under-researched. Using the factors credibility, content, and design, this study adopted a multi-theory perspective by integrating the Information Quality (IQ) assessment framework, the source credibility model, and the two-factor theory for website design to develop a framework to examine the quality indicators of online cancer communities. Data collected via semi-structured interviews with 14 participants showed that dimensions underlying content and credibility factors are crucial for using the online community. All dimensions underlying the design factor were essential factors, except for the visualisation of the website and privacy and data protection that constituted motivating factors for using the online community. Collapse

Topics: website design data quality privacy video conference user-generated content

Methods: qualitative interview literature study qualitative content analysis personal interview

Theories: two-factor theory