Bystanders Join in Cyberbullying on Social Networking Sites: The Deindividuation and Moral Disengagement Perspectives

2023 | Information Systems Research | Citations: 0

Authors: Chan, Tommy K. H.; Cheung, Christy M. K.; Benbasat, Izak; Xiao, Bo; Lee, Zach W. Y.

Abstract: Cyberbullying on social networking sites (SNSs) escalates when bystanders join i ... Expand

Abstract: Cyberbullying on social networking sites (SNSs) escalates when bystanders join in the bullying. Although researchers have recognized the harmful consequences of joining in cyberbullying behaviors, little is known about the role of information technology (IT) and its underlying mechanisms in fueling such negative group behavior on SNSs. To address this research gap, we develop and test an integrative model that explains bystanders’ joining-in cyberbullying behaviors on SNSs. Based on the theoretical premises of the social identity model of deindividuation effects (the SIDE model), we derive two deindividuation experiences enabled by SNSs, namely experienced anonymity and experienced social identity. We further use the social network research framework to gain insights into how IT features (i.e., digital profile, search and privacy, relational ties, and network transparency) enable these two deindividuation experiences. Considering the socially undesirable nature of joining-in behaviors, we integrate the SIDE model with moral disengagement theory to explain how deindividuation experiences allow bystanders to bypass their psychological discomfort when engaging in such behaviors through the practice of moral disengagement mechanisms. Our research model is tested using a scenario survey, with two samples recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and Facebook. Our results support the influences of IT-enabled deindividuation experiences on bystanders joining in cyberbullying and demonstrate the mediating effects of moral disengagement mechanisms in bridging the effects of deindividuation experiences on joining-in behaviors. For researchers, the integrative view offers a conceptual bridge connecting IT features, deindividuation, moral disengagement, and negative online group behaviors on SNSs. For practitioners, our findings provide platform owners and governmental agencies with directions on how to mitigate cyberbullying on SNSs and other forms of deviant and undesirable online group behaviors.History: Yulin Fang, Senior Editor; J.J. Po-An Hsieh, Associate Editor.Funding: This work was substantially supported by a Senior Research Fellow Scheme Award, Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [Grant HKBU SRFS2021-2H03]; and partially supported by grants from the General Research Fund, Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [Grants HKBU12511016 and HKBU12500020].Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1161. Collapse

Topics: cyberbullying social identity anonymity Facebook social network

Methods: survey psychometrics partial least squares regression theory development post-hoc analysis

Theories: ethical theory moral disengagement theory

Augmented Intelligence, Augmented Responsibility?

2023 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Citations: 0

Authors: Lüthi, Nick; Matt, Christian; Myrach, Thomas; Junglas, Iris

Abstract: Intelligence Augmentation Systems (IAS) allow for more efficient and effective c ... Expand

Abstract: Intelligence Augmentation Systems (IAS) allow for more efficient and effective corporate processes by means of an explicit collaboration between artificial intelligence and human judgment. However, the higher degree of system autonomy, along with the enrichment of human capabilities, amplifies pre-existing issues of the distribution of moral responsibility: If an IAS has caused harm, firms who have operated the system might argue that they lack control over its actions, whereas firms who have developed the system might argue that they lack control over its actual use. Both parties rejecting responsibility and attributing it to the autonomous nature of the system leads to a variety of technologically induced responsibility gaps. Given the wide-ranging capabilities and applications of IAS, such responsibility gaps warrant a theoretical grounding in an ethical theory, also because the clear distribution of moral responsibility is an essential first step to govern explicit morality in a firm using structures such as accountability mechanisms. As part of this paper, first the necessary conditions for the distribution of responsibility for IAS are detailed. Second, the paper develops an ethical theory of Reason-Responsiveness for Intelligence Augmentation Systems (RRIAS) that allows for the distribution of responsibility at the organizational level between operators and providers. RRIAS provides important guidance for firms to understand who should be held responsible for developing suitable corporate practices for the development and usage of IAS. Collapse

Topics: systems design decision making

Methods: theory development conceptual modelling

Theories: ethical theory

How individuals can shape AI through data - An AI literacy and morality perspective

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Schneider, Johannes; Meske, Christian; Bikic, Antonio

Abstract: ... Expand

Abstract: Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence data quality IT productivity privacy Python

Methods: case study descriptive statistic artificial neural network supervised learning logistic regression

Theories: ethical theory

Ethical Analysis of ChatGPT for University Students

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Zhang, Kem Z.K.; Zhao, Sesia J.

Abstract: Artificial intelligent (AI) tools like ChatGPT have been demonstrating disrupti ... Expand

Abstract: Artificial intelligent (AI) tools like ChatGPT have been demonstrating disruptive impacts in many aspects. In this research, we aim to investigate students' use of ChatGPT by conducting an ethical analysis in a university context. We refer to the theories of consequentialist, deontological, and virtue ethics for the analysis. Some preliminary findings are provided regarding how we can view ethical concerns with the guidance from the theories. Given the exploratory nature of this research, we also plan to conduct a semistructured interview on a student sample in a local university to enrich the insights of the ethical analysis. As AI tools keep evolving, we hope that this line of research can be a meaningful start to theoretically understand the ethical concerns of AI tools, which will contribute to the understanding of their responsible/ethical use, as well as offer guidelines for creating appropriate regulation policies. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence anonymity decision making

Methods: chatGPT personal interview qualitative interview cross sectional research qualitative content analysis

Theories: ethical theory

Research Perspectives: Toward Theoretical Rigor in Ethical Analysis: The Case of Algorithmic Decision-Making Systems

2022 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Gal, Uri; Hansen, Sean; Lee, Allen

Abstract: Algorithmic decision-making systems (ADMS) are increasingly being used by publi ... Expand

Abstract: Algorithmic decision-making systems (ADMS) are increasingly being used by public and private organizations to enact decisions traditionally made by human beings across a broad range of domains, including business, law enforcement, education, and healthcare. Their growing prevalence engenders profound ethical challenges, which, we maintain, should be examined in a structured and theoretically informed fashion. However, much of the ethical exploration of ADMS within the IS field draws upon an atheoretical application of ethics. In this paper, we argue that the "big three" ethical theories of consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics can inform a structured comparative analysis of the ethical significance of ADMS. We demonstrate the value of such an approach through an illustrative case study of an ADMS in use by an Australian bank. Building upon this analysis, we address four characteristics of ADMS from the three theoretical perspectives, provide guidance on the contexts within which the application of each theory might be particularly fruitful, and highlight the advantages of theoretically grounded ethical analyses of ADMS. Collapse

Topics: database system IT workforce algorithmic bias big data business model

Methods: computational algorithm literature sample literature study experiment theory development

Theories: ethical theory

The Case of Digital Ethics in IS Research – A Literature Review

2022 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Kern, Christopher Julian; Noeltner, Markus; Kroenung, Julia

Abstract: Due to the rapid development in technology and the increasing digitization of o ... Expand

Abstract: Due to the rapid development in technology and the increasing digitization of organizations and society as a whole, digital ethics is becoming an increasingly important topic for researchers and practitioners of information systems (IS). This literature review shows the state of the art of ethical views present in IS research, at first establishing the relevance of the topic and then showing recent developments. Using a holistic view on ethics, this article provides (1) an overview of the number of publications considering ethics in IS research and on the different ethical constructs and theories. Additionally, it provides an overview (2) on the different fields of application. The aforementioned concepts (3) are contrasted to identify research streams and derive research gaps. Additionally (4), we provide a categorization scheme to classify ethics research in IS into 4 different types and from there (5) derive research propositions for future projects. Collapse

Topics: IT workforce responsible artificial intelligence organizational innovation artificial intelligence decision making

Methods: literature study literature sample mixed method

Theories: ethical theory

Towards Ethical Design Science Research

2021 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 5

Authors: Durani, Khalid; Eckhardt, Andreas; Kollmer, Tim

Abstract: With the incredible advancements in technology, there is a high chance that des ... Expand

Abstract: With the incredible advancements in technology, there is a high chance that design science research (DSR) will gain momentum in the realm of IS research. However, since these technologies have become also increasingly more disruptive, there is a need to mitigate and prevent some of the adverse effects in DSR. Here, ethical discourses, as well as ethical design principles, could be beneficial. Unfortunately, IS research and especially DSR have hitherto taken a superficial perspective on ethics and there exists no schema nor framework that explains how academics can address ethical issues. It is against this backdrop that we develop a conceptual map and framework on how to engage systematically and coherently in ethical discourses and derive ethical design principles. Furthermore, we propose a novel type of design principles: negative design principles. These principles encapsulate additional ways to express normative, e.g., ethical statements and additional means towards responsible and accountable DSR. Collapse

Topics: problem solving

Methods: design principle design artifact

Theories: ethical theory socio technical theory sociotechnical systems theory

From PAPA to PAPAS and Beyond: Dealing with Ethics in Big Data, AI and other Emerging Technologies

2021 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Stahl, Bernd

Abstract: Researchers have long referred to privacy, accuracy, property, and accessibilit ... Expand

Abstract: Researchers have long referred to privacy, accuracy, property, and accessibility (PAPA) framework in discussing ethical issues in information systems. While all four constituent components remain relevant, technical progress and technological integration in organizations and society in the intervening almost 40 years call for researchers to consider the acronym. In response to Richardson, Petter, and Carter's (2021) proposal to add the term "society", I suggest that extending the acronym in more than one dimension would be useful. For example, one could extend the acronym to include stakeholders (e.g., individuals, organizations or society) and system-use stage (e.g., input, processing, and output). The third dimension is the ethical issue, which still includes PAPA but can be supplemented with others, such as bias, power distribution, and others. Therefore, I suggest that we not only need to extend PAPA to PAPAS but that we need to go beyond a list of ethical issues to capture the richness and complexity in which ethics and information systems interact. (www.ccsr.uk). His interests cover philosophical issues arising from the intersections of business, technology, and information. This includes ethical questions of current and emerging of ICTs, critical approaches to information systems and issues related to responsible research and innovation. Collapse

Topics: big data IS discipline

Theories: ethical theory

Responsible AI for Digital Health: a Synthesis and a Research Agenda

2021 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 21

Authors: Trocin, Cristina; Mikalef, Patrick; Papamitsiou, Zacharoula; Conboy, Kieran

Abstract: Responsible AI is concerned with the design, implementation and use of ethical, ... Expand

Abstract: Responsible AI is concerned with the design, implementation and use of ethical, transparent, and accountable AI technology in order to reduce biases, promote fairness, equality, and to help facilitate interpretability and explainability of outcomes, which are particularly pertinent in a healthcare context. However, the extant literature on health AI reveals significant issues regarding each of the areas of responsible AI, posing moral and ethical consequences. This is particularly concerning in a health context where lives are at stake and where there are significant sensitivities that are not as pertinent in other domains outside of health. This calls for a comprehensive analysis of health AI using responsible AI concepts as a structural lens. A systematic literature review supported our data collection and sampling procedure, the corresponding analysis, and extraction of research themes helped us provide an evidence-based foundation. We contribute with a systematic description and explanation of the intellectual structure of Responsible AI in digital health and develop an agenda for future research. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence responsible artificial intelligence health information system database system healthcare data

Methods: synthesis literature sample machine learning structured literature research literature study

Theories: ethical theory

REFLECTIONS ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ALIGNMENT WITH HUMAN VALUES: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

2020 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Han, Shengnan; Kelly, Eugene; Nikou, Shahrokh; Svee, Eric-Oluf

Abstract: The need for a systematic approach to work with artificial intelligence (AI) is ... Expand

Abstract: The need for a systematic approach to work with artificial intelligence (AI) is current and rapidly growing. It is important that Information Systems researchers get ahead of public sentiment and be able to provide proactive commentary about the current state-of-the-art, as well as solutions for future systems. One critical question is how can we ensure value alignment between AI and human values through AI operations from design to use? For the purposes of this discussion, we adopt the phenomenological theories of material values and technological mediation to be that beginning step. In this paper, we firstly analyze the AI phenomenon from selected resources from the top IS research outlets (basket of 8 journals and 5 AI journals in IS). Secondly, we briefly present what are material values and technological mediation and reflect on the AI value alignment principle through the lenses of these theories. Supported by these new understandings and reflections, we propose to build a common principle of human values to understand the AI value alignment principle through phenomenological theories. The paper contributes the unique aspect of material values to the discourse within current AI research. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence database system robotic software developer Facebook

Methods: literature sample computational algorithm literature study phenomenological method

Theories: ethical theory