Using Eye Tracking to Expose Cognitive Processes in Understanding Conceptual Models

2019 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 17

Authors: Bera, Palash; Soffer, Pnina; Parsons, Jeffrey

Abstract: Conceptual models are used to communicate information about a domain during the ... Expand

Abstract: Conceptual models are used to communicate information about a domain during the development of information systems. In two experimental studies using business process models, we demonstrate how eye tracking can contribute to understanding the cognitive processes by which readers use conceptual modeling scripts to perform problem solving tasks. In the first study, we compare scripts generated using two process modeling grammars and demonstrate how attention paid to specific parts of scripts generated using grammar variations, and differences in visual association between parts of a diagram, account for task performance. In the second study, we use a combination of eye tracking and verbal protocol analysis to examine how visual association between parts of conceptual modeling scripts can indicate cognitive integration while performing problem solving tasks. The studies show that task performance can be explained with different mental processes, reflected in specific eye tracking behavior, where scripts developed following different rules invoke different cognitive processes. We show that attention can be measured by eye tracking and can explain task performance. In addition, we show that visual association (which is observable) between parts of a modeling script involves cognitive integration (which is not observable). This finding can be used to improve conceptual modeling grammars in several ways, including understanding the effects of alternative visual arrangements of models on how effectively they communicate domain knowledge for particular tasks, and guiding the design of visual modeling notations. Collapse

Topics: task productivity problem solving decision making business process management

Methods: oculometry conceptual modelling modeling language business process model and notation protocol analysis

Theories: cognitive fit theory cognitive theory cognitive load theory

Model-Based Compliance in Information Systems – Foundations, Case Description and Data Set of the MobIS-Challenge for Students and Doctoral Candidates

2019 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Houy, Constantin; Rehse, Jana-Rebecca; Scheid, Martin; Fettke, Peter

Abstract: Information systems (IS) can significantly support the organization of business ... Expand

Abstract: Information systems (IS) can significantly support the organization of business processes. However, the proceeding digitalization of processes can also lead to an increasing organizational complexity and the need to more intensely investigate the adherence to external or internal compliance rules. Process-related data from IS and underlying process models can, however, also contribute to an effective compliance checking. This paper first presents conceptual foundations of model-based compliance checking that motivated the MobIS-Challenge workshop for students and doctoral candidates at WI 2019. Second, we introduce the challenge itself and its corresponding data set. The data describes an exemplary travel management process in a medium-sized consulting company and served for the development and validation of adequate solutions addressing the compliance checking requirements. Solutions accepted for presentation at the workshop are briefly outlined in this paper. Collapse

Topics: organization structure accounting business process management

Methods: simulation process log business process modeling autoencoder leading question

Business process flexibility - a systematic literature review with a software systems perspective

2018 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 1

Authors: Cognini, Riccardo; Corradini, Flavio; Gnesi, Stefania; Polini, Andrea; Re, Barbara

Abstract: Business Process flexibility supports organizations in changing their everyday w ... Expand

Abstract: Business Process flexibility supports organizations in changing their everyday work activities to remain competitive. Since much research has been done on this topic a better awareness on the current state of knowledge is needed. This paper reports the results of a systematic literature review to develop a map on Business Process flexibility with a special focus on software systems related aspects. It covers a spectrum of the state of the art from academic point of view. It includes 164 research works from the main computer science digital libraries. After an introduction into the topic the applied methodology is described. The output of the paper is in the form of schemes and reflections. Starting from the needs for Business Process flexibility, its impact on Business Process life-cycle is introduced. Successively instruments used to express and to support Business Process flexibility are presented together with related validation scenarios. In this paper we also highlight possible future research lines needing further investigations. In particular we identified room for future works in the area of languages for modeling flexibility, on-the-fly verification solutions, adaptation of Business Process running instances, and techniques for evolution recognition. Collapse

Topics: declarative language systems development business process management legal context information technology infrastructure

Methods: modeling language survey business process model and notation Petri net design science

Enabling Normalized Systems in Practice – Exploring a Modeling Approach

2018 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Citations: 0

Authors: De Bruyn, Peter; Mannaert, Herwig; Verelst, Jan; Huysmans, Philip

Abstract: Contemporary organizations are required to adapt to a changing environment in an ... Expand

Abstract: Contemporary organizations are required to adapt to a changing environment in an agile way, which is often deemed very challenging. Normalized Systems (NS) theory attempts to build highly evolvable software systems by using systems theory as its theoretical underpinning. A modeling method which supports the identification of the NS elements, required for building NS sofware in practice, is currently missing. Therefore, the paper introduces an approach for creating both data models and processing models in the context of NS, as well as their integration. It is discussed how these models can be taken as the input for the actual creation of evolutionary prototypes by using an earlier developed supporting tool. The modeling approach and its suitability for feeding the tool are evaluated to discover their current strengths and weaknesses. Collapse

Topics: enterprise modelling devops business process management systems development system development method

Methods: data modeling design science survey design artifact business process modeling

DEVELOPMENT OF METRICS FOR EVALUATING DECOMPOSED PROCESS MODELS BASED ON WAND AND WEBER’S GOOD DECOMPOSITION MODEL

2018 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Johannsen, Florian; Leist, Susanne; Braunnagel, Daniel

Abstract: Business process modelling is an important task in business transformation init ... Expand

Abstract: Business process modelling is an important task in business transformation initiatives. Process models visualize the working procedures of a company and pinpoint the way in which business value is created. Based on process models, functional requirements on IS are derived and decisions on IS investments are made, for instance. However, in case process models become too large, employees will hardly understand them, which restricts the potential benefits associated with business process modelling. Therefore, the decomposition of process models is a means of reducing their complexity by delineating corresponding subprocess models. However, there are few commonly accepted approaches for decomposing process models only and the properties that characterize a well-done decomposition are rather unclear. We thus revert to the good decomposition model of Wand and Weber, which was established for decomposing IS, as a means to judge the quality of decomposed process models. The present study develops metrics for evaluating decomposed process models in the eEPC notation against the good decomposition model of Wand and Weber. An application of the metrics to a process model from a cooperation project shows that the metrics provide a helpful way of objectively assessing the quality of decompositions in process modelling by using the good decomposition model. Collapse

Topics: source code process mining usability business process management

Methods: business process modeling event-driven process chain experiment computational algorithm design artifact

Designing Predictive Maintenance for Agricultural Machines

2018 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 1

Authors: Lüttenberg, Hedda; Bartelheimer, Christian; Beverungen

Abstract: The Digital Transformation alters business models in all fields of application, ... Expand

Abstract: The Digital Transformation alters business models in all fields of application, but not all industries transform at the same speed. While recent innovations in smart products, big data, and machine learning have profoundly transformed business models in the high-tech sector, less digitalized industries—like agriculture—have only begun to capitalize on these technologies. Inspired by predictive maintenance strategies for industrial equipment, the purpose of this paper is to design, implement, and evaluate a predictive maintenance method for agricultural machines that predicts future defects of a machine’s components, based on a data-driven analysis of service records. An evaluation with 3,407 real-world service records proves that the method predicts damaged parts with a mean accuracy of 86.34%. The artifact is an exaptation of previous design knowledge from high-tech industries to agriculture—a sector in which machines move through rough territory and adverse weather conditions, are utilized extensively for short periods, and do not provide sensor data to service providers. Deployed on a platform, the prediction method enables co-creating a predictive maintenance service that helps farmers to avoid resources shortages during harvest seasons, while service providers can plan and conduct maintenance service preemptively and with increased efficiency. Collapse

Topics: predictive maintenance expert system enterprise resource planning open source mobile application

Methods: machine learning computational algorithm design artifact random forest classification cluster analysis

Business Process Simulation: A Systematic Literature Review

2018 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 1

Authors: Rosenthal, Kristina; Ternes, Benjamin; Strecker, Stefan

Abstract: Business process simulation marks an essential Business Process Management techn ... Expand

Abstract: Business process simulation marks an essential Business Process Management technique for analysing business processes and for reasoning about process improvement. Despite its importance, literature is lacking a comprehensive, updated overview of research contributions to the field of business process simulation. In this systematic literature review, we assess the present state of research on business process simulation including prior work between 1990 and 2016. Results reported in the present study assist in advancing the discussion on future research on business process simulation by compiling and analysing prior work. The present literature review focuses on prior research involving conceptual business process models, e.g., BPMN models, with a graphical model representation as a starting point for business process simulation and excludes other foundations to build simulation models. Collapse

Topics: business process management database system user requirement search engine knowledge base

Methods: simulation literature study modeling language business process modeling business process model and notation

Detecting Compliance with Business Rules in Ontology-Based Process Modeling

2017 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Corea, Carl; Delfmann, Patrick

Abstract: Extending business processes with semantic annotations has gained recent attenti ... Expand

Abstract: Extending business processes with semantic annotations has gained recent attention. This comprises relating process elements to ontology elements in order to create a shared conceptual and terminological understanding. In business process modeling, processes may have to adhere to a multitude of rules. A common way to detect compliance automatedly is studying the artifact of the process model itself. However, if an ontology exists as an additional artifact, it may prove beneficial to exploit this structure for compliance detection, as it provides a rich specification of the business process. We therefore propose an approach that models a rules-layer ontop of an ontology. Said rules-layer is implemented by a logic program and can be used to reason about the compliance of an underlying ontology. Our approach allows ad-hoc access to external ontologies, other than similar approaches that are reliant on a redundant logical representation of process model elements. Collapse

Topics: knowledge representation business process management knowledge base semantic web

Methods: ontological modelling business process modeling design artifact literature study modeling language

Extracting Business Objects and Activities from Labels of German Process Models

2017 | DESRIST | Citations: 0

Authors: Hake, Philip; Fettke, Peter; Neumann, Günter; Loos, Peter

Abstract: To automatically analyze and compare elements of process models, investigating t ... Expand

Abstract: To automatically analyze and compare elements of process models, investigating the natural language contained in the labels of the process models is inevitable. Therefore, the adaption of well-established techniques from the field of natural language processing to Business Process Management has recently experienced a growth. Our work contributes to the field of natural language processing in business process models by providing a word dependency-based technique for the extraction of business objects and activities from German labeled process models. Furthermore, we evaluate our approach by implementing it in the RefMod-Miner toolset and measuring the quality of the information extraction in business process models. In three different evaluation scenarios, we show the strengths of the dependency-based approach and give an outlook on how further research could benefit from the approach. Collapse

Topics: business process management artificial intelligence

Methods: business process modeling machine learning part of speech tagging information extraction natural language processing

Sustainability in Business Process Models: A Taxonomy-Driven Approach to Synthesize Knowledge and Structure the Field

2017 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Schoormann, Thorsten; Behrens, Dennis; Knackstedt, Ralf

Abstract: Sustainability has become increasingly important to business research and practi ... Expand

Abstract: Sustainability has become increasingly important to business research and practice. Approaches that support fundamental changes in behavior to act ecologically, economically and socially are required. Business process modelling can contribute to this by improving organizational structures. However, prior research (e.g., Green IS/BPM) often tends to focus on ecological aspects while social ones are neglected. Due to the growing popularity of sustainability and the heterogeneous ways in which it is considered, an overview of sustainable process modelling is necessary. This research-inprogress study consolidates prior research to determine the status quo and potential for further research. We use a methodology consisting of a rigorous literature review (1,461 articles) and a taxonomy-driven approach to structure our findings. Our contribution is (1) a taxonomy of sustainability in process models, (2) a verification of current deficits (e.g., social sustainability), and (3) potential solutions (developing social patterns; considering theories such as planned behavior, self-efficacy, and attribution). Collapse

Topics: business process management database system system development method green IS self efficacy

Methods: business process modeling business process model and notation literature study modeling language literature sample