An Introduction to the MISD Technology

2017 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Popov, Aleksey

Abstract: The growth of data volume, velocity, and variety will be the global IT challenge ... Expand

Abstract: The growth of data volume, velocity, and variety will be the global IT challenges in the next decade. To overcome performance limits, the most effective innovations such as cognitive computing, GPU, FPGA acceleration, and heterogeneous computing have to be integrated with the traditional microprocessor technology. As the fundamental part of most computational challenges, the discrete mathematics should be supported both by the computer hardware and software. But for now, the optimization methods on graphs and big data sets are generally based on software technology, while hardware support is promising to give a better result. Collapse

Topics: computer hardware enterprise architecture big data IT productivity productivity

Methods: computational algorithm experiment discrete optimization optimization model

Supply-Side Network Effects and the Development of Information Technology Standards

2017 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0

Authors: Uotila, Juha; Keil, Thomas; Maula, Markku

Abstract: Standards are central to many information technology (IT) applications, and the ... Expand

Abstract: Standards are central to many information technology (IT) applications, and the development processes for these standards play a key role in the evolution of information systems (IS). We model the development of IT standards by technology suppliers as a coevolutionary technological search process under supply-side network effects, and we examine how the characteristics of the standards development process influence its outcomes. In line with common intuition and prior research, we find that perfect coordination among suppliers generally facilitates convergence on the best available standard. However, for complex IT standards, we make a novel contribution and find that this “best available” standard may be inferior to alternative, undiscovered solutions because coordination may lead to an overly narrow search. Consistent with prior research, we also find that either highly influential organizations or highly influential alliances and consortia can coordinate standard selection in order to prevent network effects from generating lock-in to an inferior option and to help set the best of the known alternatives as the standard. However, in contrast to the previous literature, we find that when coordination is imperfect and controlled by a moderately influential organization or consortium, it may lead to a technological lock-in dynamic in which suppliers adhere to an inferior solution and are subsequently unable to reverse this commitment, even when a technologically superior alternative emerges later in the search process. Further, we reveal the following paradox involving intellectual property rights (IPR) and related imitation costs: Although imitation costs can lead to the emergence of multiple standards, thereby reducing social welfare in the short term, this effect may have long-term benefits by broadening the search for future generations of a standard. Collapse

Topics: network effect information systems standardization IS economics economic surplus technology adoption

Methods: simulation longitudinal research computational algorithm case study literature study

Intergenerational Hybrids: Spillbacks, Spillforwards, and Adapting to Technology Discontinuities

2015 | Organization Science | Citations: 5

Authors: Furr, Nathan R.; Snow, Daniel C.

Abstract: During technological discontinuities, incumbents frequently develop hybrids of c ... Expand

Abstract: During technological discontinuities, incumbents frequently develop hybrids of competing technical generations. Although some prior work implies that such intergenerational hybrids may be the result of organizational dysfunction, we propose that in some cases hybrids may be sophisticated learning tools that shape organizational adaptation to a technological discontinuity. In this paper, we suggest two mechanisms through which intergenerational hybrids may affect organizational adaptation: spillbacks and spillforwards. In an empirical test among the population of automobile carburetor manufacturers during a technological discontinuity, we observe that organizations developing intergenerational hybrids capture spillback benefits—knowledge spillovers from an emerging technology generation to the current generation. Furthermore, we find that these same organizations also capture spillforwards—spillover benefits from developing higher-performing intergenerational hybrids that improve their product performance in the future technology generation. These results suggest that intergenerational hybrids may be stepping-stones for organizations to learn about and adapt to technology discontinuities. Collapse

Topics: business model online learning system hard disk drive innovation management cloud computing

Methods: robustness check descriptive statistic longitudinal research statistical hypothesis test regression analysis method

Theories: dynamic capabilities theory punctuated equilibrium theory management theory

A decision-making methodology for low-carbon electronic product design

2015 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Chiang, Tzu-An; Che, Z. H.

Abstract: Degradation of environment can significantly affect human existence and developm ... Expand

Abstract: Degradation of environment can significantly affect human existence and development. Therefore, environmental protection deserves significant attention. Low-carbon products have become an attractive option due to global warming. To efficiently and effectively achieve the aim of eco-friendly electronic product design, this paper develops a decision-making methodology for low-carbon electronic product design. First, the proposed methodology estimates the released amounts of greenhouse gases for different product designs throughout the major phases of a product's life cycle. This research can subsequently determine the benchmarking low-carbon design parts (as compared with other competitive products) and discern the causes of the poor carbon footprint (CF) performance. This will stimulate innovation to propose the low-carbon design alternatives. This research creates an evaluation model of low-carbon design alternative combinations in order to assess their performance. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is employed to determine an optimal low-carbon design alternative combination satisfying the CF constraint of a new product and minimizing the design time and cost. Finally, this research utilizes an MP3 player as a case study to showcase the significant efficacy of the proposed methodology. Collapse

Topics: decision making climate change flash memory device

Methods: case study computational algorithm data envelopment analysis trade-off analysis method experimental design

A decision support system for procurement risk management in the presence of spot market

2013 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 4

Authors: Hong, Zhen; Lee, CKM

Abstract: In the presence of spot market, this paper presents a decision support system to ... Expand

Abstract: In the presence of spot market, this paper presents a decision support system to model risks for procurement processes and to design a robust purchasing plan, including supplier selection and order allocation. Taking advantages of contract supplier and spot market, the buyer can better meet business requirements in this dynamic business environment. However, there are limitations of existing methods for modeling multiple correlated risks to support decision makers for allocating orders among multiple suppliers in the presence of spot market. Therefore, Monte Carlo simulation algorithm termed as Expected Profit–Supply at Risk (A-EPSaR) is proposed to quantify each supplier's risk so as to let decision maker realize the trade-off between profit and risk. The goal programming model helps to allocate orders among the supplier pool and the contract-spot allocation model can assign orders between the spot market and the supplier pool, respectively. The significance of this paper is to propose a novel decision support framework which helps the buyer to make optimal and robust procurement decision including supplier selection and order allocation among multiple supplier sources in the existence of correlated demand, yield and spot price uncertainties. A case study is used to illustrate the performance of the proposed framework and the proposed methods show the promising result. Collapse

Topics: procurement management risk management decision making flash memory device decision support system

Methods: descriptive statistic simulation computational algorithm trade-off analysis method goal programming

IMPACTS OF INNOVATING FIRMS' STRATEGIC SIGNALS ON MARKET PARTICIPANTS' MARKET SUCCESS IN THE CONTEXT OF A STANDARDS WAR

2012 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Dao, Viet

Abstract: To increase the likelihood of success of their market-focused innovations, firms ... Expand

Abstract: To increase the likelihood of success of their market-focused innovations, firms that develop innovations for targeted markets regularly communicate with market participants in order to reduce the uncertainties participants hold regarding the firms’ innovations. Strategic market signals are one of the tactics used by these firms. While an innovating firm’s own signals can have significant impacts on the firm’s market success, signals delivered by the firm’s competitors could exert negative impacts on the firm’s market success in different ways. To examine such negative impacts, the paper develops three types of uncertainty (technical, market and standards) associated with the market-focused innovations as well as hypotheses related to the impacts of competitors’ innovation-focused strategic signals on innovating firms’ market success during the standards war. The findings have implications for both theory and practice. Collapse

Topics: innovation management armed conflict social media flash memory device IS management

Methods: regression analysis method event study longitudinal research statistical hypothesis test

Theories: signaling theory

Standards Competition in the Presence of Digital Conversion Technology: An Empirical Analysis of the Flash Memory Card Market

2012 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0

Authors: Zhechao Liu, Charles; Kemerer, Chris F.; Slaughter, Sandra A.; Smith, Michael D.

Abstract: Both theoretical and empirical evidence suggest that, in many markets with stand ... Expand

Abstract: Both theoretical and empirical evidence suggest that, in many markets with standards competition, network effects make the strong grow stronger and can "tip" the market toward a single, winner-take-all standard. We hypothesize, however, that low cost digital conversion technologies, which facilitate easy compatibility across competing standards, may reduce the strength of these network effects. We empirically test our hypotheses in the context of the digital flash memory card market. We first test for the presence of network effects in this market and find that network effects, as measured here, are associated with a significant positive price premium for leading flash memory card formats. We then find that the availability of digital converters reduces the price premium of the leading flash card formats and reduces the overall concentration in the flash memory market. Thus, our results suggest that, in the presence of low cost conversion technologies and digital content, the probability of market dominance can be lessened to the point where multiple, otherwise incompatible, standards are viable. Our conclusion that the presence of converters weakens network effects implies that producers of non-dominant digital goods standards benefit from the provision of conversion technology. Our analysis thus aids managers seeking to understand the impact of converters on market outcomes, and contributes to the existing literature on network effects by providing new insights into how conversion technologies can affect pricing strategies in these increasingly important digital settings. Collapse

Topics: flash memory device network effect technology adoption digital good digital media

Methods: longitudinal research autocorrelation analysis descriptive statistic statistical hypothesis test F-test

Object-oriented re-engineering of manufacturing models: A case study

2010 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0

Authors: Carchiolo, Vincenza; D’Ambra, Sebastiano; Longheu, Alessandro; Malgeri, Michele

Abstract: Current manufacturing systems have a very structured production model, expeciall ... Expand

Abstract: Current manufacturing systems have a very structured production model, expecially when high complexity and precision is required, as in semiconductor devices manufacturing. In addition, rapid changes in both production and market requirements may occur, hence great flexibility is essential. This goals, together with the capability of adding new features as well as removing some model limitations, often impose to re-engineer periodically existing models, reducing as much as possible the time-to-market of a new product. Updating a model generally also requires to improve existing applications, both re-writing software components as well as adding new features to existing components. Here the model currently used inside STMicroelectronics facilities to define production flow (the sequence of operations to be performed in order to make products) is considered. First, the model is described highlighting its limitations, then an enhanced object-oriented model is introduced, in order to provide both a better management of all entites through aggregational and constitutional hierarchies and a significant time reduction of production flow definitions through a flexible inheritance mechanism. In addition, required improvements on existing applications are considered, introducing an enhanced environment capable of supporting the enhanced model while preserving both technical and economic investments thus avoiding radical changes in existing environment. Collapse

Topics: database system productivity Java intranet flash memory device

Methods: case study design science database modeling

Combinatorial Coalition Formation for multi-item group-buying with heterogeneous customers

2010 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Li, Cuihong; Sycara, Katia; Scheller-Wolf, Alan

Abstract: A group-buying market may offer multiple items with non-additive values (i.e., i ... Expand

Abstract: A group-buying market may offer multiple items with non-additive values (i.e., items may be complementary or substitutable), to buyers who are often heterogeneous in their item valuations. In such a situation, the formation of buying groups should concentrate buyers for common items while taking into consideration buyers' heterogeneous preferences over item bundles. Also, it should permit non-uniform cost sharing among buyers in the same group, which benefits all buyers by drawing more group-buying participants. We introduce the concept of Combinatorial Coalition Formation (CCF), which allows buyers to announce reserve prices for combinations of items. These reserve prices, along with the sellers' price-quantity curves for each item, are used to determine the formation of buying groups for each item. Moreover, buyers in the same group may not necessarily all pay the same price. The objective of CCF is to maximize buyers' total surplus. Determining the optimal coalition configuration in CCF is NP-hard, and the stability of such a configuration relies on the cost sharing rule within each group. We thus propose a heuristic algorithm for CCF based on augmented greedy selections, along with a cost sharing rule satisfying certain stability properties. Simulation results show that our approximate algorithm generates fairly good solutions compared to the optimal results, and is greatly superior to a simpler distributed approach. Furthermore, our algorithm's performance is enhanced when items are complementary or strongly substitutable, especially in settings when the prices decrease either rapidly or slowly with the quantities. Evaluations of the sellers' revenue under CCF demonstrate that sellers should offer a more gradually decreasing price-quantity curve for complementary or strongly substitutable items, and a more abruptly decreasing curve for weakly substitutable items. In addition, sellers may benefit from greater sales generated by simpler price-quantity curves with fewer steps. Collapse

Topics: price management willingness to pay shapley additive explanation virtual teamwork consumer behavior

Methods: computational algorithm experiment simulation

Strategic Renewal of Organizations

2009 | Organization Science | Citations: 51

Authors: Agarwal, Rajshree; Helfat, Constance E.

Abstract: Strategic renewal, although critical for the sustained success of organizations, ... Expand

Abstract: Strategic renewal, although critical for the sustained success of organizations, has received relatively little attention as distinct from the more general phenomenon of strategic change. Like all strategic issues, strategic renewal presents both opportunities and challenges for organizations. In this article, we first define the term "strategic renewal" and elaborate on important characteristics of this phenomenon. We also bring to bear evidence that suggests that strategic renewal has a critical impact not only on individual firms and industries but also on entire economies. We then provide an in-depth example of a company that has successfully renewed itself more than once, namely, IBM. Finally, we examine several different avenues for strategic renewal, involving both content and process, and identify common themes among them. Collapse

Topics: research and development communication service infrastructure new product development innovation management flash memory device