Can Racial Diversity Attenuate Racial Discrimination in Service Interactions? Evidence from Cite-and-Release Decisions within Police Departments

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Meuris, Jirs

Abstract: Despite the belief that racial diversity in organizations will attenuate racial ... Expand

Abstract: Despite the belief that racial diversity in organizations will attenuate racial discrimination in service interactions, the extant literature suggests that it may often exacerbate discrimination by generating intergroup conflict. In this paper, I propose that the influence of racial diversity on racial discrimination in service interactions will depend upon (a) the level of interdependence within an organization and (b) whether an increase in diversity consists of a larger representation of a minority’s own racial group. To test my predictions, I combine interaction-level data covering approximately 200,000 cite-and-release decisions where suspects are either given a summons to attend court at a later date or transported to jail following arrest with longitudinal organization-level data from 93 police departments across the United States. Consistent with prior research, I found that minority suspects were less likely to be cited and released for the same offense relative to White suspects. Racial diversity among sworn officers in a police department exacerbated discrimination in cite-and-release decisions unless officers’ work roles were highly interdependent due to the adoption of community-oriented policing. Focusing on Black and Hispanic suspects, I observed this pattern regardless of whether an increase in racial diversity in the department was characterized by a larger representation of a minority suspect’s own racial group or other minority racial groups. Taken together, the findings suggest that diverse organizations can mitigate the emergence of intergroup conflict that exacerbates racial discrimination in service interactions by fostering interdependencies. Supplemental Material: Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1571. Collapse

Topics: task structure accounting

Methods: descriptive statistic survey longitudinal research company material statistical hypothesis test

What Do Citizens Think of AI Adoption in Public Services? Exploratory Research on Citizen Attitudes through a Social Contract Lens

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Schmager, Stefan; Grøder, Charlotte Husom; Parmiggiani, Elena; Pappas, Ilias; Vassilakopoulou, Polyxeni

Abstract: The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by the public sector has the potent ... Expand

Abstract: The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by the public sector has the potential to improve service delivery. However, the risks related to AI are significant and citizen concerns have halted several AI initiatives. In this paper we report findings from an empirical study on citizens´ attitudes towards AI use in public services in Norway. We found a generally positive attitude and identified three factors contributing to this: a) the high level of trust in government; b) the reassurance provided by having humans in the loop; c) the perceived transparency into processes, data used for AI models and models´ inner workings. We interpret these findings through the lens of social contract theory and show how the introduction of AI in public services is subject to the social contract power dynamics. Our study contributes to research by foregrounding the government-citizen relationship and has implications for public sector AI practice. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence information system use user interface decision making usability

Methods: design artifact survey personal interview design science cognitive walkthrough

Theories: contract theory

Investigating German Higher Education Institutions' Transfer Activities: New Measurements Based on Web Mining

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Schmitt, Michelle; Schröder, Christian; Beck, Günter W.; Werner, Arndt

Abstract: In recent years, higher education institutions (HEI) have expanded their involv ... Expand

Abstract: In recent years, higher education institutions (HEI) have expanded their involvement in diverse transfer activities (TA), extending beyond traditional teaching and research roles. These TA are often heterogeneous and informal, which makes measuring their full scope and effects challenging. In this article, we propose a new and straightforward to implement approach for mastering this task. In a first step, we theoretically derive three different dimensions of transfer, namely the transfer of knowledge, technology and personnel. For each of these categories, we develop an artificial intelligence (AI) optimized keyword list. Finally, we use these lists and apply web mining techniques and natural language processing (NLP) to measure TA from German HEI. To this end, we analyze a total of 299,229 texts from 376 German HEI websites. Our study shows that our proposed approach represents an effective and valuable tool for measuring TA from HEI and provides a foundation for further research. Collapse

Topics: website knowledge sharing artificial intelligence entrepreneurship open source

Methods: web mining natural language processing computational algorithm descriptive statistic literature study

The Dark Side of Mobile Learning via Social Media: How Bad Can It Get?

2022 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0

Authors: Loh, Xiu-Kin; Lee, Voon-Hsien; Loh, Xiu-Ming; Tan, Garry Wei-Han; Ooi, Keng-Boon; Dwivedi, Yogesh K.

Abstract: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread at an unprecedented rate, many univ ... Expand

Abstract: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread at an unprecedented rate, many universities around the world halted physical forms of teaching and learning to stop the spread of the virus. As a result, many university students were forced to utilize online learning through channels such as mobile social media. Due to the novelty of this situation, there are many unknowns particularly with the negative influences of mobile learning via social media on university students. Thus, this study looks to examine this subject matter from the perspective of the stimulus–organism–response theory. The uniquely developed research model included four stimuli (i.e., social overload, information overload, life invasion, and privacy invasion), two organisms (i.e., technostress and exhaustion) as well as a response in terms of reduced intention to use mobile learning via social media. The responses were collected from 384 university students via an online survey and analyzed with the Partial-Least-Square-Structural-Equation-Modelling. It was found that the antecedents for both technostress and exhaustion were able to account for more than half of their respective variances. Furthermore, technostress and exhaustion were significant facilitators of the students’ reduced intention to use mobile learning via social media. In addition to the practical insights for stakeholders in the education industry, this study also posited several theoretical implications for researchers. Collapse

Topics: mobile learning mobile system social media technostress usage intention

Methods: survey conceptual modelling factor analysis statistical power analysis survey design

News-Induced Dynamic Networks for Market Signaling: Understanding the Impact of News on Firm Equity Value

2021 | Information Systems Research | Citations: 0

Authors: Chen, Kun; Li, Xin; Luo, Peng; Zhao, J. Leon

Abstract: Firm relations, which inform the competitive environments of firms, are critical ... Expand

Abstract: Firm relations, which inform the competitive environments of firms, are critical to firm operations and are often factored into investor decisions. Previous studies and practices have considered relatively stable and long-term business relations as an indicator of firm market value. Public news often reports on business relations, especially dynamic and short-term opportunities and challenges involving different partners. Learning about firm relations from news is commonly done by human investors but has not been studied systematically in previous research, leading to a research opportunity in market signaling via dynamic firm relations. In this study, we propose a new approach to market signaling by leveraging text-mining methods to extract cobenefit/counter-benefit networks based on firms’ mutual or conflicting interests in business events. We find that the resulting networks in the long term are partially aligned with firm cooperation and competition relationships, confirming their semantic implications for investor perception and attention. Our empirical study further shows that dynamic networks formed in a short time period (measured by firm centrality in networks) have significant impacts on firm equity value, after controlling for market activities and other information from news, such as volume, sentiment, and comentions. We show that dynamic networks can provide additional value in predicting firm equity value over stable networks. Moreover, the negative effects of counter-benefit networks emerge rapidly and persist longer than the positive effects of cobenefit networks. This study provides new insights into investor perception of news and suggests new research directions for financial text mining. Our research findings on market signaling via news-induced networks also have an impact on financial practices, such as market analysis and automatic trading. Collapse

Topics: network effect database system supply chain management blog accounting

Methods: computational algorithm machine learning experiment longitudinal research natural language processing

Theories: cognitive attention theory

The impact of control styles and control modes on individual-level outcomes: a first test of the integrated IS project control theory

2020 | European Journal of Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Remus, Ulrich; Wiener, Martin; Saunders, Carol; Mähring, Magnus

Abstract: While IS development (ISD) projects are essential for deploying digital technolo ... Expand

Abstract: While IS development (ISD) projects are essential for deploying digital technologies in organisations, they are notoriously challenging to control and complete successfully. Prior ISD project control research mostly conceptualises control activities in terms of formal and informal control modes and frequently focuses on performance effects at the project level. We argue that new insight can be gained by moving beyond these conventions to include control enactment as well as individual-level control effects. In this study, we present new findings that could precipitate a change in how researchers think about, and practitioners exercise, control in ISD projects. Specifically, we provide a first test of the recently proposed Integrated IS Project Control Theory by analysing the impacts of control modes (what) and control styles (how) on project team members' task performance and job satisfaction. Employing data from 171 ISD projects, we find significant support for this theory by confirming the positive impact of an enabling control style on both task performance and job satisfaction, and by demonstrating that control style is more important than control modes in explaining individual-level control effects. Further, the results of a post-hoc analysis suggest complex interaction effects between an enabling control style and formal controls. Collapse

Topics: job satisfaction task productivity IT project project productivity IT workforce

Methods: survey partial least squares regression PLS tool post-hoc analysis structural equation modeling

Theories: control theory

Exploring CO2 mitigation pathway of local industries using a regional-based system dynamics model

2020 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Tang, Min; Wang, Sheng; Dai, Chunyan; Liu, Yiping

Abstract: Low-carbon development based on low energy consumption, low pollution and low em ... Expand

Abstract: Low-carbon development based on low energy consumption, low pollution and low emissions has become an important strategic choice for worldwide governments to achieve sustainable development. In order to support smart government in decision making, information systems have been developed to monitor and predict CO2 emissions. Most of the existing studies investigate CO2 emission amounts, identify influencing factors of CO2 emission and discuss potential suggestions to mitigate CO2 emission for different industries. They often focus on CO2 emission research of industries in a region or country, while the integration of carbon flow in the neighboring regions is not well studied. Therefore, this paper proposes a system dynamics model to explore an optimal carbon emission reduction path of a regional industry by integrating regional differences, i.e., industrial comparative advantages, technology advantages and the inter-regional context between the neighboring regions. In the case study, we use a key industry in a typical industrial region of Western China, the cement industry in Chongqing, as a scenario to simulate the CO2 emission, possible energy demand and cement production of the cement industry in this region for recent years. Simulation results show that by leveraging the regional differences, especially the collaboration of the industrial chain and production capacity among regions, the cement industry in Chongqing can achieve the low-carbon target. In addition, through the analysis and discussions about the features of our model and Chongqing’s cement industry, it reflects that our model using regional differences is applicable to industries with a common demand market at the regional level such as energy, chemical and steel industries. Collapse

Topics: information management technological change

Methods: simulation case study system dynamics government statistic

Theories: theory of economic development

E-Learning Implementation in South Korea: Integrating Effectiveness and Legitimacy Perspectives

2020 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0

Authors: Teo, Thompson S. H.; Kim, Sojung Lucia; Jiang, Li

Abstract: E-learning has the potential to transform public education. Based on a theoretic ... Expand

Abstract: E-learning has the potential to transform public education. Based on a theoretical framework that integrates effectiveness and social legitimacy perspectives, this paper examines e-learning implementation in South Korea, and attributes its success to policies and efforts that address and manage both e-learning technology’s effectiveness and its social legitimacy. The effectiveness of e-learning is enhanced by building efficient e-learning infrastructure, and making continuous standardization efforts, while social legitimacy is gained by establishing a sound regulatory system, applying a socially appropriate online pedagogy, raising public awareness, and building e-learning communities. The results offer valuable lessons for other countries that intend to implement e-learning in the educational sector. Collapse

Topics: online learning system IS implementation success computer hardware innovation management systems implementation

Methods: qualitative interview case study archival research government statistic personal interview

Theories: institutional theory technology acceptance theory

On information technology and the safety of police officers

2019 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 2

Authors: Pang, Min-Seok; Pavlou, Paul A.

Abstract: Police officers perform their duties every day under the constant threat of viol ... Expand

Abstract: Police officers perform their duties every day under the constant threat of violence, and each year, more than 50,000 police officers in the United States suffer assaults. In this paper, we examine the relationship between IT use by the police and the number of police officers killed or assaulted in the line of duty. To do so, we theorize how IT use helps organizations identify, predict, and avoid risks to its personnel and put forth that IT use for crime intelligence, prediction, and investigation reduces violence against police officers. We also conducted an interview with a police captain, who provided first-accounts of how IT use helps police officers on the ground. Our empirical analysis of a panel dataset from 4325 U.S. local police departments shows that IT use by the police is associated with a significant decrease in the number of police officers killed or assaulted in the line of duty. We seek to expand the scope of the IS literature by theorizing and empirically demonstrating the role of IT in the occupational safety of personnel in organizations that operate in unpredictable, risky, and life-threatening environments. Collapse

Topics: information system use criminality database system electronic mail information exchange

Methods: theory development descriptive statistic Poisson regression qualitative interview robustness check

Does More IT Utilization Improve Police Performance?

2017 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Aldossari, Mobark Q; Kim, Dan J

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of the use of information ... Expand

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of the use of information technology on local U.S. police departments’ performance. Drawing upon major organizational capabilities suggested by a literature (Pang et al. 2014), we propose a theoretical model to investigate whether IT resources have enabled U.S. police departments to fight crime more efficiently by reducing crime rate. To test the proposed model, we use a set of secondary empirical data about the use of IT in police departments from the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS), and crime data from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports (UCR). The study is expected to contribute to the IS literature by attempting to mitigate the shortage of IT public value research. Collapse

Topics: criminality information system use IS value social media communication service infrastructure

Methods: government statistic statistical hypothesis test regression analysis method theory development literature study

Theories: resource based view of the firm management theory