No Ground Truth at Sea – Developing High-Accuracy AI Decision-Support for Complex Environments

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Bumann, Adrian

Abstract: As AI decision-support systems are increasingly developed for applications outsi ... Expand

Abstract: As AI decision-support systems are increasingly developed for applications outside of traditional organizational confinements, developers are confronted with new sources of complexity they need to address. However, we know little about how AI applications are developed for natural use domains with high environmental complexity, stemming from physical influences outside of the developers’ control. This study investigates what challenges emerge from such complexity and how developers mitigate them. Drawing upon a rich longitudinal single-case study on the development of AI decision-support for maritime navigation, findings show that achieving high output accuracy is complicated by the physical environment hindering training data creation. Further, developers chose to reduce the output accuracy and adapt the HMI design to successfully situate the AI application in an existing sociotechnical context. This study contributes to IS literature following recent calls for phenomenon-based examination of emerging challenges when extending the scope frontier of AI and provides practical recommendations for developing AI decision-support for complex environments. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence decision support decision support system geographic information system innovation management

Methods: qualitative interview single case study personal interview longitudinal research field study

Theories: socio technical theory

The sustainability of open source commons

2023 | European Journal of Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Curto-Millet, Daniel; Corsín Jiménez, Alberto

Abstract: The sustainability of commons has benefited from Elinor Ostrom´s analysis of sha ... Expand

Abstract: The sustainability of commons has benefited from Elinor Ostrom´s analysis of shared resources. In her work, sustainability was described in a univocal manner–successful or not–depending on the common’s long-term capacity to survive within an uncertain environment. In recent years, this view of sustainability has been applied to the study of digital commons, including open source. Building on more recent work on sustainability, this paper challenges this univocal conception of sustainability in open source. Through a critical review of the literature, it unveils the coexistence of multiple notions of sustainability in open source and proposes a typology of sustainabilities (resource-based, infrastructural, and interactional). We propose that the degree and quality of the interrelationship between these different types of sustainability need to be explored, leading to the theorisation of three possible scenarios (trade-offs, synergy, and independence). We discuss and put forward a research agenda. Collapse

Topics: open source Sustainable Development Goal innovation management open source software project

Methods: theory development literature study interpretative method

The emergence of smart service ecosystems—The role of socio-technical antecedents and affordances

2023 | Information Systems Journal | Citations: 0

Authors: Herterich, Matthias M.; Dremel, Christian; Wulf, Jochen; vom Brocke, Jan

Abstract: As physical products are increasingly augmented with digital technology, manufac ... Expand

Abstract: As physical products are increasingly augmented with digital technology, manufacturing firms have become part of the development of so-called smart products and smart services. As such, manufacturing firms are challenged by new market participants and ecosystem partners, particularly from the software development industry, and by the dynamic nature of business relationships. While the academic literature on the distinctive characteristics of ecosystems, particularly digital ecosystems, is rich, the effect of smart service ecosystems' emergence on the foundation of smart products remains uncertain. This study reports on case study research based on 47 semi-structured interviews with four companies that participate in an industrial smart service ecosystem. Taking an affordance-theoretic perspective, we uncover the antecedents of and the process of emergent smart service ecosystems. We find that smart service ecosystems have three socio-technical antecedents: a shared worldview, structural flexibility and integrity, and architecture of participation. We explain the emergence of smart service ecosystems as the result of specialisation in shared affordances and integration of idiosyncratic affordances into collective affordances. We derive seven propositions regarding the emergence of smart services, outline opportunities for further research, and present practical guidelines for manufacturing firms. Collapse

Topics: affordance smart device value creation user experience innovation management

Methods: qualitative interview qualitative coding case study focus group personal interview

Theories: theory of affordance stakeholder theory service-dominant logic

The Analogue Disruption of Digitalization – The Local Bases of the Hospitality Industry in a Global Economy

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Högberg, Karin; Wihlborg, Elin; Snis, Ulrika; Svensson, Lars

Abstract: There are vital challenges for organization undergoing digital transformation, e ... Expand

Abstract: There are vital challenges for organization undergoing digital transformation, especially those that rely more and more on the ever-evolving platform economy. Third-party platforms have rearranged the market conditions for organisations, especially for service-based organisations such as hotels. The hotel industry faces key problems as they need to have the power to control and augment the value chain supported by an ongoing access to accurate data (such as online customer behavior). We discuss on a conceptual level how such disruptive economic changes appear in the analogue and physical practice, at place in hotel organisations. We explore the practice of analogue disruption as it emerges as struggles and discontinuities that may not bring the expected flow of value to the business. This paper aims to examine how analogue disruptions takes place due to the ongoing digitalization in the hotel sector through the platform economy. We here apply a qualitative analysis with interpretative methodologies, that will open for further knowledge and insights on the analogue disruption of digital transformation. Collapse

Topics: digital transformation business model digital ecosystem big data information system use

Methods: qualitative interview case study field study interpretative method qualitative coding

Navigating Uncertain Waters: How Organizations Respond to Institutional Pressure in Times of the Looming EU AI Act

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Kahdan, Manoj; Hartwich, Nicole; Salge, Oliver; Cichy, Patrick

Abstract: The looming AI Act puts significant pressure on organizations to develop safe a ... Expand

Abstract: The looming AI Act puts significant pressure on organizations to develop safe and reliable AI. First, we analyze 975 AI incidents to provide an overview of the actors involved in identifying primary AI failures. Second, using institutional theory and based on over two years of observation of more than 400 actors, we identify four strategies (circumvent, comply, compromise, and control) and exemplary response practices (relabel, redefine, balance, and predefine) for how firms respond to institutional pressures from AI regulation. We thereby extend the institutional theory perspective on AI regulation. Using our longitudinal multi-actor perspective, we develop the 4C-Framework for how organizations actively respond to AI regulation. Moreover, we demonstrate how this framework can be applied to impending AI regulation, including strategies for engaging with regulators, exploring opportunities for collaboration, and dealing with the spread of misinformation. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive approach for companies to proactively shape AI regulation. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence database system misinformation innovation management responsible artificial intelligence

Methods: longitudinal research case study qualitative interview qualitative content analysis cluster analysis

Theories: institutional theory

Pro-innovation Behavioral Profile of the organization in e-government managers’ view in Poland

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Kowal, Jolanta; Filho, Flávio de São Pedro; Ziobrowska, Monika; Zaremba, Dariusz

Abstract: This research analyzes the Pro-innovation Behavior Profile of government organi ... Expand

Abstract: This research analyzes the Pro-innovation Behavior Profile of government organizations in Poland from the perspective of e-government managers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland, a post-transformation economy. We adopted the Pro-innovation Behavioral Profile of Organization Questionnaire from Barbosa et al. (2018) for data collection via a random online survey of 61 e-government managers. They worked at certification organizations representing the Certification Authority -providing e-services, verifying entities' identities (websites, email addresses, companies, or individuals), and binding them to cryptographic keys by issuing electronic digital certificates. E-government managers perceive their organization as supporting creativity, structure, and environmental factors that lead to innovation. Although leaders motivate proinnovation behavior in employees, the organization's culture could be more innovative. The main contribution of our study is the first adaptation and use of the PIB questionnaire to collect data from egovernment managers in Poland, a post-transformation economy. The results can support e-government managers and political leaders in shaping the Pro-innovation Behavioral Profile of government organizations. Collapse

Topics: innovation management government system pandemic

Methods: survey structural equation modeling literature study linear regression analysis regression analysis method

Theories: big five model

Software in the Manufacturing Industry: A Review of Security Challenges and Implications

2023 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Landeck, Yannick; Balta, Dian; Wimmer, Martin; Knierim, Christian

Abstract: Software defines digital infrastructures in the manufacturing industry, connect ... Expand

Abstract: Software defines digital infrastructures in the manufacturing industry, connecting services and computation resources to machines and devices. These infrastructures aim at increased flexibility, scalability, and a wider application portfolio for automated manufacturing processes. At the same time, the complexity of securing software increases dramatically. Threats to confidentiality, integrity, and availability of software can result in critical losses for automated industrial production and impact manufacturing companies. In order to map existing and emerging security challenges, we present the results of a hermeneutic literature review structured along abstraction levels and vertical integration of software. Based on this structure, we derive implications for academia and practice focused on system integrators, developers, and security auditors of digital infrastructures. Thereby, we discuss courses of action mapped to software security black boxes, infrastructure heterogeneity, and the adaptation of security for operational usage. Collapse

Topics: IT security enterprise application integration system integration cloud computing supply chain management

Methods: literature study interpretative method structured literature research

Interorganizational Data Sharing in Health Ecosystems - A Case Sudy

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Nienstedt, Jonas; Schulze, Laura; Trenz, Manuel

Abstract: The integration of external data offers enormous potential for new and expanded ... Expand

Abstract: The integration of external data offers enormous potential for new and expanded value propositions for companies. Despite this potential, organizations often hesitate to share data due to the anticipated negative consequences. This study delves into the decision-making process of organizations regarding data sharing within an ecosystem and explores strategies to motivate other organizations to share data. By combining privacy calculus and ecosystems theory, we employ a qualitative case study approach to examine the German orthopedic market. Our findings reveal three risks (weakening one's position in the ecosystem, IT alignment investments, and penalties for data protection violations) and three benefits (increased value creation for the ecosystem, competitive advantage over other ecosystems, and gaining additional transactions) that organizations perceive when contemplating data sharing. Moreover, we identify three strategies for obtaining data from other organizations: mitigating the risks, emphasizing the benefits, and bypassing the calculus. Collapse

Topics: healthcare data value creation competitive advantage legal context General Data Protection Regulation

Methods: qualitative interview case study qualitative coding archival research grounded theory

Theories: privacy calculus theory motivation theory

Keeping Your Maturity Assessment Alive

2023 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Citations: 0

Authors: Stoiber, Christoph; Stöter, Maximilian; Englbrecht, Ludwig; Schönig, Stefan; Häckel, Björn

Abstract: Maturity models are valuable management tools for assessing and managing capabil ... Expand

Abstract: Maturity models are valuable management tools for assessing and managing capabilities and therefore creating a basis for their identification, prioritization, and further development. Numerous maturity assessment methods have been developed to support organizations in applying maturity models. However, these methods are mostly used for unique assessments and only provide a snapshot of the current state of capabilities and their maturity. Certainly, this does not reflect the continuous change of capabilities within dynamic organizational environments. Moreover, the systematic selection of suitable maturity models and the identification of the actions that should be targeted following the maturity assessment require more attention. To fill these research gaps, this study proposes the generally applicable Continuous Maturity Assessment Method (CMAM) that enables comprehensive and continuous maturity assessments. The CMAM comprises five steps that extend and advance existing principles of maturity assessment and can be implemented as an organizational routine. The rigorous development of the CMAM followed basic principles of the design science research methodology, including an evaluation of six organizations in different industry sectors and an extensive industrial case study. Collapse

Topics: database system evaluation criteria

Methods: case study survey maturity model qualitative interview personal interview

Theories: theory of abduction

When Harry, the human, met Sally, the software robot: Metaphorical sensemaking and sensegiving around an emergent digital technology

2023 | Journal of Information Technology | Citations: 0

Authors: Techatassanasoontorn, Angsana A; Waizenegger, Lena; Doolin, Bill

Abstract: Robotic process automation (RPA) is often used in organisational digitalisation ... Expand

Abstract: Robotic process automation (RPA) is often used in organisational digitalisation efforts to automate work processes. RPA, and the software robots at its heart, is an equivocal and contentious technology. Adopting the products of theorising approach, this study views metaphors as central sensemaking and sensegiving devices that shape the interpretation of RPA among stakeholders towards a preferred reality of ways of seeing and experiencing software robots. The empirical materials are drawn from research in three Australasian organisations that have implemented RPA. Grounding our analysis in the domains-interaction model, we identified three root metaphors: person, robot and tool, their constitutive conceptual metaphors, and intended use as heuristics devices. Our findings show that metaphor is a powerful device that employees rely on to make sense of their experiences with a new digital technology that can potentially shape their roles, work practices and job design. In addition, managers and automation team members intentionally leverage metaphors to shape others’ perceptions of a software robot’s capabilities and limitations, its implication for human work and its expanding benefits for organisations over time, among others. Metaphor as a precursor to more formal theory provides scholars with a vocabulary to understand disparate experiences with an emergent automation technology that can be further developed to generate a theory of seeing automation and working with automated agents. Collapse

Topics: robotic sensemaking process automation system personality systems development

Methods: theory development qualitative interview case study interpretative method personal interview