In Search of Inspiration: External Mobility and the Emergence of Technology Intrapreneurs

2022 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Ng, Weiyi; Sherman, Eliot L.

Abstract: Recent scholarship has established several ways in which external hiring—versus ... Expand

Abstract: Recent scholarship has established several ways in which external hiring—versus filling a role with a comparable internal candidate—is detrimental to firms. Yet, organizational learning theory suggests that external hires benefit firms: by importing knowledge that is unavailable or obscured to insiders and applying it toward experimentation and risky recombination. Accordingly and consistent with studies of learning by hiring and innovation, we predict that external hires are at greater risk of intrapreneurship than internal hires. We test this prediction via a study of product managers in large technology companies. We use machine learning to operationalize intrapreneurship by comparing product manager job descriptions with the founding statements of venture-backed technology entrepreneurs. Our research design employs coarsened exact matching to balance pretreatment covariates between product managers who arrived at their roles internally versus externally. The results of our analysis indicate that externally hired product managers are substantially more intrapreneurial than observably equivalent internal hires. However, we also find that intrapreneurial product managers have a higher turnover rate, an effect that is primarily driven by external hires. This suggests that hiring for intrapreneurship may be a difficult strategy to sustain. Funding: The authors acknowledge financial support from London Business School, the National University of Singapore [Grant WBS R-313-000-128-133], and a dissertation grant from the Ewing Kauffman Foundation, Kansas City, Missouri. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1530. Collapse

Topics: intrapreneurship LinkedIn IT career entrepreneurship online labor market

Methods: machine learning lasso regression nonparametric test logrank test experimental group

Theories: organizational learning theory

In-Training Multicalibrated Survival Analysis For Healthcare via Constrained Optimization

2022 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Suttaket, Thiti; Kok, Stanley

Abstract: Survival analysis is an important problem in healthcare because it models the r ... Expand

Abstract: Survival analysis is an important problem in healthcare because it models the relationship between an individual's covariates and the onset time of an event of interest (e.g., death). It is important for survival models to be well-calibrated (i.e., for their predicted probabilities to be close to ground-truth probabilities) because badly calibrated systems can result in erroneous clinical decisions. Existing survival models are typically calibrated at the population level only, and thus run the risk of being poorly calibrated for one or more minority subpopulations. We propose a model called GRADUATE that achieves multicalibration by ensuring that all subpopulations are well-calibrated too. GRADUATE frames multicalibration as a constrained optimization problem, and optimizes both calibration and discrimination in-training to achieve a good balance between them. Empirical comparisons against state-of-the-art baselines on real-world clinical datasets demonstrate GRADUATE's efficacy. In a detailed analysis, we elucidate the shortcomings of the baselines vis-à-vis GRADUATE's strengths. Collapse

Topics: online learning system

Methods: survival function nonparametric test logrank test experiment survival analysis

To Share or Not to Share? Assessing the Impact of Algorithmic Regulation in a Peer-to-Peer Market

2020 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Tripathi, Shagun; Kyriakou, Harris

Abstract: Sharing markets have been associated with several unintended consequences, and p ... Expand

Abstract: Sharing markets have been associated with several unintended consequences, and policy makers have formulated a range of interventions. As a response, platform-owners resort to a wide range of strategies. We examine the impact of algorithmic regulation on both matching, as well as market exit in the largest home-sharing market using a quasinatural experiment. We find that algorithmic regulation led to both a decrease in matches, as well as an increase in the likelihood of market exit for the affected listings. We provide evidence that not all listings experience same effects; listings owned by hosts who own reputation badges experience greater drop in matches. In contrast, we find that listings owned by hosts who own reputation badges are not highly likely to exit the market than other listings. We discuss the ability of sharing platforms to exercise control over market design, as well as implications for policy makers and market designers. Collapse

Topics: peer-to-peer model Airbnb sharing platform information technology infrastructure systems design

Methods: robustness check longitudinal research experimental group difference in differences design artifact

How are C-suite executives different? A comparative empirical study of the survival of American chief information officers

2015 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Dawson, Gregory S.; Ho, Man-Wai; Kauffman, Robert J.

Abstract: This research employs non-parametric, semi-parametric, and parametric survival a ... Expand

Abstract: This research employs non-parametric, semi-parametric, and parametric survival analysis methods to explore theory-based aspects of CIO and other C-suite executives' job tenures. We analyze a large data set of C-suite executives, including 400 CIOs, drawn from the public and private sectors, including federal, state, county and city agencies, and Fortune 500 firms. The data span 1994 to 2009, and include the job start and finish dates of the different executives, as well as relevant variables for the individual, organizational, market and technological environments that permit us to assess the patterns of their survivability. We report evidence to suggest that CIOs have more in common regarding survivability with other C-suite executives than is widely believed. We also report differences based on individual characteristics (gender, education, income, time in position), organization type (government versus Fortune 500), organization size, and reactions to changes in the stock market. In addition, CIO job tenures have grown longer from the early 1990s to the present day. Though there are few differences due to CIO gender, the relatively rare presence of female executives is associated with shorter job tenures for male executives. Collapse

Topics: Chief Information Officer organizational productivity individual characteristic decision support system

Methods: hazard function survival analysis Z-test robustness check design artifact

Insider Threats in a Financial Institution: Analysis of Attack-Proneness of Information Systems Applications

2015 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0

Authors: Jingguo Wang; Gupta, Manish; Rao, H. Raghav

Abstract: This study investigates the risk of insider threats associated with different ap ... Expand

Abstract: This study investigates the risk of insider threats associated with different applications within a financial institution. Extending routine activity theory (RAT) from criminology literature to information systems security, hypotheses regarding how application characteristics, namely value, inertia, visibility, accessibility, and guardians, cause applications to be exposed to insider threats are developed. Routine activity theory is synthesized with survival modeling, specifically a Weibull hazard model, and users’ system access behavior is investigated using seven months of field data from the institution. The inter-arrival times of two successive unauthorized access attempts on an application are employed as the measurement of risk. For a robustness check, the daily number of unauthorized attempts experienced by an application as an alternative measurement of risk are introduced and a zero-inflated Poisson-Gamma model is developed. The Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is used for model estimations. The results of the study support the empirical application of routine activity theory in understanding insider threats, and provide a picture of how different applications have different levels of exposure to such threats. Theoretical and practical implications for risk management regarding insider threats are discussed. This study is among the first that uses behavioral logs to investigate victimization risk and attack proneness associated with information assets. Collapse

Topics: insider threat criminality IT manager data protection risk management

Methods: nonparametric test survey hazard function survival function robustness check

Theories: activity theory

Turnover or Turnaway? Competing Risks Analysis of Male and Female IT Professionals’ Job Mobility and Relative Pay Gap

2015 | Information Systems Research | Citations: 0

Authors: Joseph, Damien; Ang, Soon; Slaughter, Sandra A.

Abstract: This study draws on distributive justice, human capital, and stigmatization theo ... Expand

Abstract: This study draws on distributive justice, human capital, and stigmatization theories to hypothesize relationships between relative pay gap and patterns of job mobility. Our study also expands the criterion space of job mobility by contrasting different job destinations when information technology (IT) professionals make job moves. We examine three job moves: (a) turnover to another IT job in a different firm, (b) turnaway-within to a non-IT job, and (c) turnaway-between to a different firm and a non-IT job. We analyze work histories spanning 28 years for 359 IT professionals drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. We report three major findings. First, as hypothesized, larger relative pay gaps significantly increase the likelihood of job mobility. Second, IT males and IT females have different job mobility patterns. IT males are more likely to turn over than turn away-between when faced with a relative pay gap. Further, and contrary to predictions from human capital theory, IT males are more likely to turn away-within than turn over. This surprising finding suggests that the ubiquitous use of IT in other business functions may have increased the value of IT skills for non-IT jobs and reduced the friction of moving from IT to other non-IT positions. Third, and consistent with stigmatization arguments, IT females are more likely to turn away from IT than to turn over when faced with a relative pay gap. In fact, to reduce relative pay gaps, IT females tend to take on lower-status jobs that pay less than their IT jobs. We conclude this study with important theoretical, practical, and policy implications. Collapse

Topics: IT workforce IT job human resource management job satisfaction IT career

Methods: longitudinal research survival analysis chi squared test logrank test theoretical contribution

Theories: distributive justice theory psychological theory equity theory human capital theory

THE QUEST FOR CONTENT: THE INTEGRATION OF PRODUCT NETWORKS AND SOCIAL NETWORKS IN ONLINE CONTENT EXPLORATION

2010 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Goldenberg, Jacob; Oestreicher-Singer, Gal; Reichman, Shachar

Abstract: Without the "guidance" of traditional marketing campaigns, how do consumers fin ... Expand

Abstract: Without the "guidance" of traditional marketing campaigns, how do consumers find "good" usergenerated-content online?Recently, websites have begun to present content through combined product and social networks, linked by hyperlinks. We focus on the role of this dual network structure in facilitating ill-defined exploration of the content space. We first analyze the YouTube.com and show that user pages have unique structural properties and act as content brokers in the dual network. Using simulation analysis we show that random rewiring of the product network cannot replicate the brokering effect of the self-organizing social network. Finally, we introduce an experiment in which consumers browse a YouTube-based website that offers video recommendations through different networks. Using survival analysis we show that the dual network structure leads to faster access to "good" content and to overall higher satisfaction. Our work suggests that integrating a selforganizing social network with product networks significantly improves content exploration. Collapse

Topics: social network YouTube website user satisfaction internet technology

Methods: experiment hazard function simulation survival analysis computational algorithm

E Pluribus Unum: Framing, Matching, and Form Emergence in U.S. Television Broadcasting, 1940-1960

2008 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Perretti, Fabrizio; Negro, Giacomo; Lomi, Alessandro

Abstract: Recent research holds that new organizational forms emerge from the identity of ... Expand

Abstract: Recent research holds that new organizational forms emerge from the identity of candidate organizations that enter a domain. In this study we argue that emergence of a new form, which is ultimately based on validation by external audiences, depends on two mechanisms: identity framing, i.e., how audiences perceive and frame the identity of an emerging organizational domain, and identity matching, i.e., the match between the identity of the domain and the identity of candidates. Accordingly, form emergence is best characterized as contextual rather than as an inherent attribute of the categories of candidate organizations. Using data on the U.S. commercial television industry from 1940 to 1960, we explore how entry rates of TV stations were affected by audiences' expectations about the identity of the nascent domain and by the densities of organizations with different origins. We find evidence that focused expectations expressed through public discourse about media, and the number of stations coming from radio broadcasting increased entry rates. We reconcile our findings with existing theory on the emergence of organizational forms by pointing to the joint relevance of domain-related and candidate-related identities. Collapse

Topics: advertising management database system

Methods: statistical hypothesis test survival function logrank test descriptive statistic

Theories: biological theory