Blockchain-based digital rights management systems: Design principles for the music industry

2023 | Electronic Markets | Citations: 0

Authors: Ciriello, Raffaele Fabio; Torbensen, Alexandra Cecilie Gjøl; Hansen, Magnus Rotvit Perlt; Müller-Bloch, Christoph

Abstract: Initially designed to protect intellectual property (IP) of digitalized informat ... Expand

Abstract: Initially designed to protect intellectual property (IP) of digitalized information goods such as music, games, or books, existing centralized digital rights management (DRM) systems mostly serve the interests of major publishers, with scant inclusion of rights owners, creators, and consumers. Although various blockchain-based DRM systems have been proposed, most of them mirror existing counterproductive IP restrictions. Analyzing the music industry as a case in point, this paper proposes design principles for blockchain-based DRM systems that provide an integrated and flexible solution by enabling transparent music licensing structures, consistent and complete rights metadata, and efficient and transparent royalty payout. The solution can be achieved by storing rights metadata on a public distributed ledger, by validating metadata through a consensus mechanism on a permissioned blockchain, and by algorithmically enforcing royalty payout via stablecoin through a smart contract. The design principles were evaluated by industry experts, validating their benefit for the music industry by increasing surplus value that is currently destroyed through previous suboptimal designs. Collapse

Topics: blockchain stablecoin smart contract distributed ledger technology cryptocurrency

Methods: design principle design requirement qualitative interview design artifact design science

Theories: transaction cost economics socio technical theory

Content Creators Between Platform Control and User Autonomy

2023 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Citations: 0

Authors: Hödl, Tatjana; Myrach, Thomas

Abstract: Content creators generate and upload content on social media platforms. If these ... Expand

Abstract: Content creators generate and upload content on social media platforms. If these platforms have a revenue-sharing policy, content creators earn income from advertising revenue. This income is heavily dependent on the distribution of the content and the resulting view counts. Platform owners may exert algorithmic control that impacts content distribution, advertising income, and, consequently, the behaviour of content creators. The objectives of the platform owners combined with the interests of the content creators may lead to paradoxical tensions between the aims of control and autonomy. The opaque nature of algorithms coupled with the need to be recognised by the algorithm further reinforces this phenomenon. This study follows an interpretive qualitative research approach applying grounded theory methodology. This research uses semi-structured interviews with content creators to develop a theory explaining the tension between control and autonomy on revenue-sharing social media platforms. The study shows that algorithmic control and incentivisation create paradoxical tensions that affect the autonomy of content creators. Content creators attempt to minimise tensions of algorithm versus audience, regularity versus scheduling autonomy, and analytics versus decision-making autonomy in two ways: through self-centred measures such as improving metrics, pre-production, and being a pioneer and extraneous measures involving their own businesses, products, and sponsorships. This study sheds some light on the phenomenon of paradoxical tensions and provides guidance and strategies for content creators and platform owners about proceeding with their relationship. This study’s findings provide platform owners and decision-makers with a deeper understanding of the behaviour of content creators and the hurdles they face in platform work. The findings help them identify challenges, draw conclusions, and implement changes. Collapse

Topics: social media YouTube Twitch advertising management price management

Methods: qualitative interview computational algorithm grounded theory theory development personal interview

To regulate or not to regulate: unravelling institutional tussles around the regulation of algorithmic control of digital platforms

2023 | Journal of Information Technology | Citations: 0

Authors: Kokshagina, Olga; Reinecke, Pauline C; Karanasios, Stan

Abstract: Regulating how digital platforms use algorithms to determine and control content ... Expand

Abstract: Regulating how digital platforms use algorithms to determine and control content displayed to their users is both a controversial topic and an important societal challenge. Existing research acknowledges institutional tussles around regulating how digital platforms use algorithms to determine and control content. However, we lack research showing how the development of regulation unfolds. We build on data from a longitudinal discourse analysis of 410 media articles and 483 policy and industry documents to study two cases of algorithmic control regulation in Australia. The first involves algorithmic control for content display, the second for content moderation. We develop a process model of institutional work towards regulation of algorithmic control. It captures the institutional tussles between governments, digital platforms and third parties as each expresses their perspective on legitimate forms of algorithmic control and shapes the process and outcome of regulation. Building on our model, we discuss the dynamics of regulation development in light of the constellation of actors and their power position in the process. We further consider the regulatory outcome and highlight future research questions that build on our findings. Collapse

Topics: digital platform terrorist incident Facebook innovation management database system

Methods: computational algorithm qualitative content analysis literature sample longitudinal research business process modeling

Between Hype, Hope, and Reality: A Lifecycle-Driven Perspective on Non-Fungible Token

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Kölbel, Tobias; Joussen, Katrin; Weinhardt, Christof

Abstract: Advocates consider NFTs a potentially disruptive blockchain-enabled innovation. ... Expand

Abstract: Advocates consider NFTs a potentially disruptive blockchain-enabled innovation. In light of surging popularity and low theoretical insights, we study NFTs from a lifecycle-driven perspective. We develop a taxonomy that adheres to a habitual method and draws on a five-step process of analyzing literature and real-world projects. Our taxonomy contributes to descriptive knowledge by structuring NFTs with 20 dimensions and 77 characteristics along the perspectives of origination, distribution, transfer, trade, and redeem. We enable researchers and practitioners to grasp the NFT phenomenon in a structured manner and demonstrate the applicability of our taxonomy through expert interviews and case studies. Collapse

Topics: database system blockchain non-fungible token social network virtual reality

Methods: qualitative interview literature study theory development mixed method personal interview

Does Investor Gender Matter for the Success of Female Entrepreneurs? Gender Homophily and the Stigma of Incompetence in Entrepreneurial Finance

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Snellman, Kaisa; Solal, Isabelle

Abstract: Female support of other women has been put forth as a remedy to the gender gap a ... Expand

Abstract: Female support of other women has been put forth as a remedy to the gender gap across many domains. Yet the potential costs associated with gender homophily are not well understood. We propose that homophily aggravates negative gender bias in evaluation. Focusing on the context of entrepreneurship, we theorize that future investors will discount a female entrepreneur’s competence as the key factor in an early-stage investment decision, when the investment comes from a female investor. Consequently, female-backed female entrepreneurs may struggle to raise additional funds from new investors. In a field study of venture-backed startups, we find that firms with female founders who received funding from female rather than male VCs are two times less likely to raise additional financing. We find no equivalent investor gender effect for male-founded firms. In an experimental study, we find that pitches by female-backed female entrepreneurs receive lower evaluations compared with all other pitches, and that this is driven by perceptions of entrepreneur competence. Our findings suggest that well-intentioned calls for women to invest in women not only place an undue burden on female investors, but may also undermine the long-term success of female entrepreneurs. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1594. Collapse

Topics: entrepreneurship social capital accounting organizational context missing data

Methods: experiment theory development chi squared test field study proportional hazards model

The AI-based Transformation of Organizations: The 3D-Model for Guiding Enterprise-wide AI Change

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Uba, Chikaodi; Lewandowski, Tom; Böhmann, Tilo

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly gaining importance for organization ... Expand

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly gaining importance for organizations due to its immense potential for value creation and growth. However, companies struggle to tap this potential, as many AI projects fail in the early stages because of lacking guidance and best practices. To shed light on how AI adoption and transformation can be approached and what challenges organizations face, we analyzed eleven organizations of varying sizes and industries. Drawn on these insights, we identify four transformation types distinguished by different AI transformation stages and journeys. Furthermore, we develop a 3D-Model to guide enterprise-wide AI change and propose concrete recommendations for action on each dimension. Our findings help practitioners navigate, manage, and (re)evaluate their AI strategy for an enterprise-wide transformation. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence IT manager IS maturity electronic commerce Chief Information Officer

Methods: focus group qualitative interview company material multiple case study qualitative coding

Battling Disinformation Intermediaries: An Analysis of Information Policies

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Zhu, Xiaohua; Yang, Shengnan

Abstract: Despite the increasing scholarly attention to disinformation, there is a lack o ... Expand

Abstract: Despite the increasing scholarly attention to disinformation, there is a lack of research on policies of disinformation, which has extended beyond social media to cover other aspects of disinformation distribution. This study is an investigation into a specific aspect of disinformation policy, intermediaries, defined as all channels, carriers, means, and mechanisms that enable disinformation creation, distribution, transmission, dissemination, and consumption, using technology or through traditional methods. Using an inductive thematic analysis approach, this study examined existing information policies in China and the United States and identified a wide range of disinformation intermediaries that are currently regulated or have the potential to be regulated by the government. The paper reports on these intermediaries and offers an analysis of the contexts of disinformation regulation in the two countries. The findings provide empirical evidence on current disinformation policy practices that may assist researchers, policymakers, and legislators in understanding the current disinformation policy landscape. Collapse

Topics: disinformation misinformation social media IT policy database system

Methods: qualitative content analysis qualitative coding archival research card sorting

Specialists, Generalists, or Both? Founders’ Multidimensional Breadth of Experience and Entrepreneurial Ventures’ Fundraising at IPO

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Souitaris, Vangelis; Peng, Bo; Zerbinati, Stefania; Shepherd, Dean A.

Abstract: Different streams of research have led to contradictory conclusions about the ve ... Expand

Abstract: Different streams of research have led to contradictory conclusions about the venture performance implications of founders’ breadth of experience. Although extant empirical studies have explored the performance implications of founders’ breadth of experience at the start-up stage, we focus on the later stage of the initial public offering (IPO). We theorize that investors categorize venture founders based on two salient dimensions—their industry and functional background—and we relate this categorization to resource acquisition at IPO. To test our model, we use a hand-collected data set of 175 entrepreneurial IPOs in the Alternative Investment Market in London (2002–2013) and two randomized experiments. We theorize and find that compared with entrepreneurial ventures with a lead founder specializing in one industry or one function, investors generally devalue those with a category-spanning lead founder (a generalist). However, devaluation is less severe when a lead founder is a generalist in one dimension (e.g., industry) but a specialist in the other dimension (e.g., function). We also theorize and empirically test trust as a mechanism for the generalist penalty. Specifically, audience members (investors) have low trust in a generalist producer (founder) in contexts where the two parties consider entering into a partnership (equity investment at IPO), and so that generalist producer is devalued. Finally, we show that an external expert endorsement—in our case, from intensive venture capital affiliations—offsets the generalist penalty, especially when category spanning occurs in multiple category dimensions. Funding: This work was supported by the University of St. Gallen and the Natural Science of China [Grant 71832012]. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1581. Collapse

Topics: marketing management IT career entrepreneurship database system decision making

Methods: experiment theory development robustness check qualitative interview survey

Theories: social identity theory

Online-to-Offline Platforms: Examining the Effects of Demand-Side Usage on Supply-Side Decisions

2023 | Information & Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Wan, Xing; Jha, Ashish Kumar; Kazantsev, Nikolai; Boh, Wai Fong

Abstract: This study explores the impact of demand-side usage of digital platforms on oper ... Expand

Abstract: This study explores the impact of demand-side usage of digital platforms on operational decision-making by supply-side firms. The positive impact of digital platforms on product sales is established in the literature. However, this study focuses on the perspective of supply-side firms, examining the effect of increasing reliance on digital platforms on supply-side firms’ decisions. The study shows that greater demand-side usage of onlineto-offline (O2O) digital platforms is associated with more efficient operational decisions of supply-side firms. Benefits of leveraging O2O platforms include information transparency and resource pooling. The study further examines the extent to which benefits from participating in O2O digital platforms are affected by inter-firm relationships in which a supply-side firm is embedded. The study uses a panel data model to test hypotheses with data on China’s movie theaters that join O2O platforms. It found that movie theaters with greater demandside usage of O2O digital platforms see better resource utilization and product concentration. Furthermore, it shows that more vertically integrated firms can better reap the benefits from demand-side usage of digital platforms. In contrast, more horizontally integrated firms can less strategically leverage the benefits from demand-side usage of O2O platforms. Collapse

Topics: digital platform information system use decision making mobile application consumer behavior

Methods: qualitative interview robustness check personal interview statistical hypothesis test data modeling

Giving and Following Recommendations on Video-on-Demand Services

2022 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Gutzeit, Jennifer; Dorsch, Isabelle; Stock, Wolfgang

Abstract: This is an empirical paper about giving, receiving, and following recommendation ... Expand

Abstract: This is an empirical paper about giving, receiving, and following recommendations on Video-on-Demand (VoD) services, including results on gender-specific differences. Based upon a model for information behavior on VoD services, we applied an online survey and generated 1,258 valid questionnaires from active VoD users. Participants receive recommendations from the systems once a week on average, but they follow them only occasionally. They give actively recommendations to other people several times a month. Users do not receive recommendations from other sources as often as from the services (only several times a month); however, they follow those recommendations more often. The most important source for receiving recommendations from other sources is faceto-face communication. Obviously, VoD users follow recommendations from other people more than suggestions from algorithmically generated recommender systems. Besides, self-determined content selection following intrinsic motivation is important. The findings are of interest for research on digital and social media and for VoD services. Collapse

Topics: digital service video streaming service social media intrinsic motivation Netflix

Methods: survey nonparametric test Mann Whitney U test descriptive statistic computational algorithm