LET’S (NOT) BE FRIENDS! – AN INTERCULTURAL EXPERIMENT WITH GERMAN AND CHINESE STUDENTS ON THE PERCEPTION OF POWER DISTANCE IN PEDAGOGICAL CONVERSATIONAL AGENTS

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Schlimbach, Ricarda; Zhu, Xingyang

Abstract: The growing intercultural mobility in academia necessitates the culturally-spec ... Expand

Abstract: The growing intercultural mobility in academia necessitates the culturally-specific design of digital learning artifacts such as Pedagogical Conversational Agents (PCAs). We coded two PCA prototypes and manipulated the variable "power distance" adapted to Chinese versus German (learning) culture. We measured perceived competence, usefulness, identification, social presence, enjoyment, and trust in each PCA among the two groups of German and Chinese university students in an online experiment, ran statistical analyses, and reflected thereupon in a qualitative follow-up workshop. Our findings show significant differences in comparing the measured constructs between the two cultures and PCAs. We essentially demonstrate that German students prefer a PCA as a Learning Companion with a low power distance, strong social bonding, and vivid interactions, while Chinese students ascribe more value to a superior PCA instructor, that emphasizes power distance through structure and high efficiency. We conclusively discuss the need for a more culture-specific and value-driven design of PCAs. Collapse

Topics: social presence perceived usefulness online learning system knowledge acquisition Google+

Methods: principal component analysis data transformation experiment survey chatbot

An Empirical Investigation of Company Response to Data Breaches

2022 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 5

Authors: Nikkhah, Hamid; Grover, Varun

Abstract: Companies may face serious adverse consequences as a result of a data breach eve ... Expand

Abstract: Companies may face serious adverse consequences as a result of a data breach event. To repair the potential damage to relationships with stakeholders after data breaches, companies adopt a variety of response strategies. However, the effects of these response strategies on the behavior of stakeholders after a data breach are unclear; differences in response times may also affect these outcomes, depending on the notification laws that apply to each company. As part of a multimethod study, we first identified the adopted response strategies in Study 1 based on content analysis of the response letters issued by publicly traded U.S. companies (n = 204) following data breaches; these strategies include any combination of the following: corrective action, apology, and compensation. We also found that breached companies may remain silent and adopt a “no action” strategy. In Studies 2 and 3, we examined the effects of various response strategies and response times on the predominant stakeholders affected by data breaches: customers and investors. In Study 2, we focused on customers and present a moderated-moderated-mediation model based on the expectancy violation theory. To test this model, we designed a factorial survey with 15 different conditions (n = 811). In Study 3, we focused on investors and conducted an event study (n = 166) to examine their reactions to company responses to data breaches. The results indicate the presence of moderating effects of certain response strategies; surprisingly, we did not find compensation to be more effective than apology. The magnitude of the moderating effects of response strategies is contingent upon response time. We also found that the negative effects of data breaches disappear after six months. We interpret the results and provide implications for research and practice. Collapse

Topics: data breach data protection privacy website IT security

Methods: event study longitudinal research survey qualitative content analysis statistical hypothesis test

Being Informed or Getting the Product?

2022 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Citations: 0

Authors: Wrabel, Andrea; Kupfer, Alexander; Zimmermann, Steffen

Abstract: Scarcity cues, which are increasingly implemented on e-commerce platforms, are k ... Expand

Abstract: Scarcity cues, which are increasingly implemented on e-commerce platforms, are known to impair cognitive processes and influence consumers’ decision-making by increasing perceived product value and purchase intention. Another feature present on e-commerce platforms are online consumer reviews (OCRs) which have become one of the most important information sources on e-commerce platforms in the last two decades. Nevertheless, little is known about how the presence of scarcity cues affects consumers’ processing of textual review information. Consequently, it is unclear whether OCRs can counteract the effects of scarcity or whether OCRs are neglected due to scarcity cues. To address this gap, this study examines the effects of limited-quantity scarcity cues on online purchase decisions when participants have the possibility to evaluate textual review information. The results of the experimental study indicate that scarcity lowers participants’ processing of textual review information. This in turn increases perceived product value and has considerable negative consequences for the final purchase decision if the scarcity cue is displayed next to a low-quality product. The study’s findings provide relevant insights and implications for e-commerce platforms and policymakers alike. In particular, it highlights that e-commerce platforms can easily (ab)use scarcity cues to reduce consumers’ processing of textual review information in order to increase the demand for low-quality products. Consequently, policymakers should be aware of this mechanism and consider potential countermeasures to protect consumers. Collapse

Topics: electronic commerce willingness to pay decision making logistics management accounting

Methods: experiment mediation analysis regression analysis method survey experimental group

Emotions: The Unexplored Fuel of Fake News on Social Media

2021 | Journal of Management Information Systems | Citations: 13

Authors: Horner, Christy Galletta; Galletta, Dennis; Crawford, Jennifer; Shirsat, Abhijeet

Abstract: Easy access to equipment, software, and platforms to create, distribute, and pro ... Expand

Abstract: Easy access to equipment, software, and platforms to create, distribute, and provide access to fake news stories has exacerbated the problem of fake news, making for a large number of highly biased sources that are reaching the mainstream through social networks. The economics of emotion theory proposes that fake news headlines are created to evoke emotional responses in readers that will cause them to interact with the article in a way that allows the creator to make a profit (through clicking on the link to the full article, by sharing the article, etc.). This mixed methods study investigates the process by which individuals experience discrete emotional reactions to fake news headlines, and how these emotions contribute to the perpetuation of fake news through sharing behaviors. U.S. participants (n=879 across two waves) viewed one of eight false news headlines and reported their emotional reactions, belief in the headline, and potential sharing behaviors. In general, participants were more likely to believe headlines that aligned with their existing beliefs (e.g., liberals were more likely to believe negative news about conservatives), reacted with more negative emotions to headlines that attacked their party, and were more likely to report intentions to suppress (e.g., post a link to a fact check) fake news that attacked their own party. Emotional reactivity of participants was associated with response behavior intentions such that participants who reported high levels of emotions were more likely to take actions that would spread or suppress the fake news, participants who reported low levels of emotions were more likely to ignore or disengage from the spread of false news, and participants who reported high levels of negative emotions and low levels of positive emotions were more likely to suppress the spread of fake news and less likely to contribute to the spread of fake news. Our findings are synthesized into a process model that explains how discrete emotions and beliefs influence sharing behaviors. Implications for mitigating the spread of fake news are discussed in terms of this model. Collapse

Topics: fake news social media behavioral intention misinformation pandemic

Methods: cluster analysis multivariate analysis of covariance parametric test post-hoc analysis business process modeling

Theories: cognitive dissonance theory

Cross-visiting Behaviour of Online Consumers Across Retailers’ and Comparison Sites, a Macro-Study

2021 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0

Authors: Karimi, Sahar

Abstract: Extant academic research provides a comprehensive view of online consumer behavi ... Expand

Abstract: Extant academic research provides a comprehensive view of online consumer behaviour on a single website, paying less attention to the integrated environment in which websites operate. Retailers’ products, however, are not only available on their own website, but also through other connected channels such as comparison sites. Our limited knowledge of consumers’ integrated behaviour across the entire market poses difficulties to design effective online strategies. At the same time, practitioners have mainly focused on website performance measures, ignoring the reasons behind the behaviour of consumers. A deeper understanding of consumers who visit different websites or, cross-visit, can inform successful online channel strategies. This macro-level study aims to bridge this gap by investigating how the usage behaviour on retailers’ websites and comparison sites influences each other, using large-scale industry-based data. A new measure of ‘cross-visiting’ behaviour is introduced and examined. Collapse

Topics: website information storage and retrieval system broadband cellular network mobile system frequency of use

Methods: longitudinal research statistical hypothesis test cluster analysis digital trace data regression analysis method

Understanding trust in ms-commerce: The roles of reported experience, linguistic style, profile photo, emotional, and cognitive trust

2021 | Information & Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Leong, Lai-Ying; Hew, Teck-Soon; Ooi, Keng-Boon; Chong, Alain Yee Loong; Lee, Voon-Hsien

Abstract: This paper examines what influences trust in mobile social commerce environment. ... Expand

Abstract: This paper examines what influences trust in mobile social commerce environment. Drawing on trust-based acceptance model (i.e. cognitive and emotional trust) and online review features (i.e. profile photo, linguistic style, and reported experience), we examine how these factors affect trust in mobile social commerce. Hy­ potheses were tested using survey data. The results of our model showed that there are significant influences of profile photo, reported experience, cognitive, and emotional trust towards trust in ms-commerce. This work contributes to existing literature by examining the roles of previous trust in mobile payments and online reviews on trust in mobile social commerce. Collapse

Topics: online review mobile payment mobile system user-generated content electronic payment

Methods: survey theory development survey design field study statistical power analysis

Theories: behavioral theory expectation confirmation theory

How Vertical Integration Affects Firm Innovation: Quasi-Experimental Evidence

2021 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Zhang, Yuchen; Tong, Tony W.

Abstract: Although it is well established that vertical integration decisions have importa ... Expand

Abstract: Although it is well established that vertical integration decisions have important consequences for firms, direct evidence on how vertical integration matters to firm innovation has been scarce. This study draws from seminal research on organizing for innovation and recent synthesis of transaction cost and capabilities theories to examine how vertical integration affects the rate and types of firm innovation pursued. To strengthen identification of causal effects, we exploit a quasi-experimental design to compare firms that announced and completed a vertical merger and acquisition (M&A) with those announcing but not completing the transaction. We show that firms completing vertical M&As experience a growth in their rate of innovation; in addition, such firms witness an increase in systemic innovation but a drop in autonomous innovation. Our study contributes important empirical evidence to bear on the literature on the organization of innovation, highlighting that organizational mode choices are a critical determinant of the rate and direction of inventive activity. Collapse

Topics: innovation management research and development knowledge base database system knowledge sharing

Methods: experimental group longitudinal research quasi experiment robustness check statistical hypothesis test

Theories: transaction cost economics

The Impact of Overconfidence and Ambiguity Attitude on Market Entry

2020 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Gutierrez, Cédric; Åstebro, Thomas; Obloj, Tomasz

Abstract: We study the behavioral drivers of market entry. An experiment allows us to dise ... Expand

Abstract: We study the behavioral drivers of market entry. An experiment allows us to disentangle the impact on entry across different types of markets of two key behavioral mechanisms: overconfidence and attitude toward ambiguity. We theorize and show that the causal effect of overconfidence on entry is limited to skill-based markets and does not appear in those that are chance based. Moreover, we also find that, independent of confidence levels, individuals exhibit ambiguity-seeking behavior when the result of the competition depends on their skills, which, in turn, leads to higher levels of entry. This preference for ambiguity thus can explain results that have previously been attributed to overconfidence. Our results challenge existing literature that has inferred overconfidence from differential entry levels across types of markets. Collapse

Topics: decision making entrepreneurship personality research and development

Methods: experimental group parametric test experiment ANOVA experimental design

Theories: expected utility theory

Where can I take You? – The Drivers of Autonomous Driving Adoption

2020 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Lackes, Richard; Siepermann, Markus; Vetter, Georg

Abstract: Autonomous driving (AD) is propagated as the future of individual traffic. Inde ... Expand

Abstract: Autonomous driving (AD) is propagated as the future of individual traffic. Indeed, its advantages like the reduction of deathly accidents or the mobility of impaired people are promising. Therefore, traditional car manufacturers as well as technology companies do much research in this field and develop and test autonomous vehicles (AV) hurriedly. However, without being accepted by consumers, AD cannot succeed. This holds particularly with regard to the severe accidents of the recent past that raised doubts if AV are really reliable. In addition, AD produces and collects much personal data. Therefore, this paper investigates how AD is seen in the society. In particular, the focus lies on the role of trust towards manufacturers and AV and how these trust perspectives influence the attitude of people towards AD. Results show that trust has a significant influence on people's attitude and adoption behaviour. Collapse

Topics: usage intention innovation management digital innovation information system use website

Methods: survey qualitative interview partial least squares regression Student's t-test moderation analysis

Theories: technology acceptance model

Developing a New Paradigm: Introducing the Intention-Behaviour Gap to the Privacy Paradox Phenomenon

2020 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Risius, Marten; Baumann, Annika; Krasnova, Hanna

Abstract: Internet users commonly agree that it is important for them to protect their pe ... Expand

Abstract: Internet users commonly agree that it is important for them to protect their personal data. However, the same users readily disclose their data when requested by an online service. The dichotomy between privacy attitude and actual behaviour is commonly referred to as the "privacy paradox". Over twenty years of research were not able to provide one comprehensive explanation for the paradox and seems even further from providing actual means to overcome the paradox. We argue that the privacy paradox is not just an instantiation of the attitude-behaviour gap. Instead, we introduce a new paradigm explaining the paradox as the result of attitude-intention and intentionbehaviour gaps. Historically, motivational goal-setting psychologists addressed the issue of intentionbehaviour gaps in terms of the Rubicon Model of Action Phases and argued that commitment and volitional strength are an essential mechanism that fuel intentions and translate them into action. Thus, in this study we address the privacy paradox from a motivational psychological perspective by developing two interventions on Facebook and assess whether the 287 participants of our online experiment actually change their privacy behaviour. The results demonstrate the presence of an intentionbehaviour gap and the efficacy of our interventions in reducing the privacy paradox. Collapse

Topics: privacy Facebook privacy behavior information privacy concern usage intention

Methods: experiment multivariate analysis of variance experimental group self reported survey descriptive statistic

Theories: goal setting theory