User-Centered Requirements for Augmented Reality as a Cognitive Assistant for Safety-Critical Services

2023 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Citations: 0

Authors: Bräker, Julia; Osterbrink, Anna; Semmann, Martin; Wiesche, Manuel

Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) is widely acknowledged to be beneficial for services with ... Expand

Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) is widely acknowledged to be beneficial for services with exceptionally high requirements regarding knowledge and simultaneous tasks to be performed and are safety-critical. This study explores the user-centered requirements for an AR cognitive assistant in the operations of a large European maritime logistics hub. Specifically, it deals with the safety-critical service process of soil sounding. Based on fourteen think-aloud sessions during service delivery, two expert interviews, and two expert workshops, five core requirements for AR cognitive assistants in soil sounding are derived, namely (1) real-time overlay, (2) variety in displaying information, (3) multi-dimensional tracking, (4) collaboration, and (5) interaction. The study is the first one on the applicability and feasibility of AR in the maritime industry and identifies requirements that impact further research on AR use in safety-critical environments. Collapse

Topics: augmented reality logistics management mobile phone situational awareness implicit knowledge

Methods: cognitive walkthrough qualitative interview design science case study protocol analysis

Requirements for Augmented Reality Solutions for Safety-Critical Services – The Case of Water Depth Management in a Maritime Logistics Hub

2021 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Osterbrink, Anna; Bräker, Julia; Semmann, Martin; Wiesche, Manuel

Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) is widely acknowledged to be beneficial for services that ... Expand

Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) is widely acknowledged to be beneficial for services that have exceptionally high requirements regarding knowledge and simultaneous tasks to be performed and are safety-critical. In such services, AR enables to augment service provision by delivering seamless integration of information in the field of view while enabling hands-free usage in the case of head-mounted displays. This study explores the user-centered requirements for AR solutions in the operations of a large European maritime logistics hub. Specifically, it deals with the process of soil sounding. Based on eleven thinkaloud sessions during service delivery, two expert interviews, and two expert workshops, we derived five core requirements for AR in soil sounding. Thus, we present the first study on the applicability and feasibility of AR in the maritime industry and identify requirements that impact further research on AR use in safety-critical environments. Collapse

Topics: logistics management augmented reality

Methods: cognitive walkthrough qualitative interview design science case study protocol analysis

Social media-based innovation: A review of trends and a research agenda

2020 | Information & Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Testa, Stefania; Massa, Silvia; Martini, Antonella; Appio, Francesco Paolo

Abstract: Literature investigating social media-based innovation has grown considerably in ... Expand

Abstract: Literature investigating social media-based innovation has grown considerably in the last years, making a timely review. Accordingly, we systematically review studies of the so-called “latency phase” (2003–2013) outlining a framework based on two main actors – innovation seeker and innovation provider – and three main questions – why (determinants), how (activities), and what (outcomes). This framework is instrumental to unveil the foundational ideas and concepts, gaps, and contradictory results. On the basis of their impact and evolution in the “growth phase” (2014–2017), we outline a research agenda, suggesting research directions that remain unaddressed and deserve further study. Collapse

Topics: innovation management social media new product development idea generation web 2.0

Methods: literature sample literature study synthesis mixed method protocol analysis

Work Design in Healthcare Artificial Intelligence Applications: The Role of Advice Provision Timing

2020 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 1

Authors: Yin, Jiamin; Ngiam, Kee Yuan; Teo, Hock-Hai

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are rapidly revolutionizing the clinic ... Expand

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are rapidly revolutionizing the clinical practice in recent years, from imaging to disease screening and diagnosis to treatment planning to clinical outcome prediction. Despite the promising potential of healthcare AI, extant research has primarily focused on the development and validation of AI algorithms. In contrast, few studies have examined how to incorporate AI applications into the existing clinical workflow. More research is thus needed to understand how work design factors influence AI-aided clinical decision making. Drawing from the interpersonal advice taking literature, this study aims to investigate the effects of AI-advice provision timing (i.e., independent versus dependent timing) on physicians’ advice taking behavior and decision outcomes in a clinical diagnosis setting. We will also examine the moderating role of physician expertise. To this end, we will conduct an experiment among physicians using a novel AI-based diagnostic algorithm. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence decision making systems development knowledge representation

Methods: computational algorithm experiment protocol analysis experimental group machine learning

Using Eye Tracking to Expose Cognitive Processes in Understanding Conceptual Models

2019 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 17

Authors: Bera, Palash; Soffer, Pnina; Parsons, Jeffrey

Abstract: Conceptual models are used to communicate information about a domain during the ... Expand

Abstract: Conceptual models are used to communicate information about a domain during the development of information systems. In two experimental studies using business process models, we demonstrate how eye tracking can contribute to understanding the cognitive processes by which readers use conceptual modeling scripts to perform problem solving tasks. In the first study, we compare scripts generated using two process modeling grammars and demonstrate how attention paid to specific parts of scripts generated using grammar variations, and differences in visual association between parts of a diagram, account for task performance. In the second study, we use a combination of eye tracking and verbal protocol analysis to examine how visual association between parts of conceptual modeling scripts can indicate cognitive integration while performing problem solving tasks. The studies show that task performance can be explained with different mental processes, reflected in specific eye tracking behavior, where scripts developed following different rules invoke different cognitive processes. We show that attention can be measured by eye tracking and can explain task performance. In addition, we show that visual association (which is observable) between parts of a modeling script involves cognitive integration (which is not observable). This finding can be used to improve conceptual modeling grammars in several ways, including understanding the effects of alternative visual arrangements of models on how effectively they communicate domain knowledge for particular tasks, and guiding the design of visual modeling notations. Collapse

Topics: task productivity problem solving decision making business process management

Methods: oculometry conceptual modelling modeling language business process model and notation protocol analysis

Theories: cognitive fit theory cognitive theory cognitive load theory

Using LIWC to choose simulation approaches: A feasibility study

2018 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: McHaney, Roger; Tako, Antuela; Robinson, Stewart

Abstract: Can language usage help determine which model approach is best suited to provide ... Expand

Abstract: Can language usage help determine which model approach is best suited to provide decision makers with desired insights? This research addresses that question through an investigation of Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC), which calculates the presence of >80 language dimensions in text samples, and permits construction of custom dictionaries. This article demonstrates use of LIWC to ensure better problem/model fit within the context of selecting a decision support tool. We selected two simulation tools as research instruments to investigate a broader question on the usefulness of LIWC to guide choice of DSS tool. The tools selected were System Dynamics (SD) and Discrete Event Simulation (DES). First, we tested LIWC to analyze practitioners' language use when developing models. LIWC pointed out significant linguistic differences consistent with prior theoretical work, based on model development approach in a number of dimensions. These differences provided a basis for developing a custom dictionary for use on the second part of our study. The second part of the study focused on language used by decision makers in problem statements and used the linguistic clues identified in the first part of the study to ensure problem/model fit. Results indicated problem statements contained linguistic clues related to the type of information desired by problem solvers. The article concludes with a discussion about how LIWC and similar tools can help determine which DSS tools are suited to particular applications. Collapse

Topics: decision making decision support decision support system big data problem solving

Methods: simulation descriptive statistic qualitative content analysis natural language processing linguistic analysis

Theories: cognitive complexity theory

Enabling self-service BI: A methodology and a case study for a model management warehouse

2018 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Schuff, David; Corral, Karen; St. Louis, Robert D.; Schymik, Greg

Abstract: One of the key determinants of an organization’s success is its ability to adapt ... Expand

Abstract: One of the key determinants of an organization’s success is its ability to adapt to change. Given this reality, an organization’s ability to thrive will depend on the adaptability of its key resource: its management team. A critical facilitator will be the development of decision support (DSS) tools that support the adaptability of managers, and more specifically their mental models. The purpose of this research is to study how changes in mental models can be facilitated by DSS tools that incorporate feedforward mechanisms. The full research will use a mixed method approach, leveraging the strengths of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, to evaluate the impact of feedforward decision support on decision comes. This first phase (quantitative phase) found that the feedforward-enabled DSS tool did create better alignment than the feedback-enabled DSS tool. In fact, the feedback-enabled decision support was shown to result in a poorer alignment with the ideal solution. Collapse

Topics: decision quality decision support system analytical information system decision making

Methods: experiment field study protocol analysis analysis of covariance experimental task

Heuristic Principles and Differential Judgments in the Assessment of Information Quality

2017 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 1

Authors: Arazy, Ofer; Kopak, Rick; Hadar, Irit

Abstract: Information quality (IQ) is a multidimensional construct and includes dimensions ... Expand

Abstract: Information quality (IQ) is a multidimensional construct and includes dimensions such as accuracy, completeness, objectivity, and representation that are difficult to measure. Recently, research has shown that independent assessors who rated IQ yielded high inter-rater agreement for some information quality dimensions as opposed to others. In this paper, we explore the reasons that underlie the differences in the “measurability” of IQ. Employing Gigerenzer’s “building blocks” framework, we conjecture that the feasibility of using a set of heuristic principles consistently when assessing different dimensions of IQ is a key factor driving inter-rater agreement in IQ judgments. We report on two studies. In the first study, we qualitatively explored the manner in which participants applied the heuristic principles of search rules, stopping rules, and decision rules in assessing the IQ dimensions of accuracy, completeness, objectivity, and representation. In the second study, we investigated the extent to which participants could reach an agreement in rating the quality of Wikipedia articles along these dimensions. Our findings show an alignment between the consistent application of heuristic principles and inter-rater agreement levels found on particular dimensions of IQ judgments. Specifically, on the dimensions of completeness and representation, assessors applied the heuristic principles consistently and tended to agree in their ratings, whereas, on the dimensions of accuracy and objectivity, they not apply the heuristic principles in a uniform manner and inter-rater agreement was relatively low. We discuss our findings implications for research and practice. Collapse

Topics: Wikipedia data quality decision making search engine user-generated content

Methods: cognitive walkthrough scale reliability descriptive statistic literature sample nonparametric test

Theories: cognitive theory

Supporting Online Consumers by Identifying Consistency Distance Among Advice Sources

2017 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 7

Authors: Kim, Hongki; Benbasat, Izak; Cavusoglu, Hasan

Abstract: Attempting to alleviate uncertainties, consumers utilize consistency between adv ... Expand

Abstract: Attempting to alleviate uncertainties, consumers utilize consistency between advice sources as a key heuristic cue. While previous studies investigated consumers’ strategic utilizations of consistency, these were user-driven, i.e., not system-supported. In addition, the CDITs are costly and complicated for designers as well as consumers. Thus, to shed light on how to design decision support tools to identify consistency across advice sources, this study aims 1) to define and conceptualize consistency distance; and 2) investigate when and how to provide the consistency distance identification tools (CDITs) across information search stages for improving consumers’ decision making performance. We expect that this study can determine 1) if the system-driven CDITs will allow consumers to better manage conflicting opinions by utilizing better consistency strategy, and subsequently, culminate in better product selection decisions, and 2) which combination of a CDIT and information search stage is the most effective in improving decision performance. Collapse

Topics: information storage and retrieval system decision making laptop computer decision support system decision quality

Methods: survey experimental task business process modeling factorial experiment oculometry

Theories: theory of task technology fit cognitive dissonance theory

The Dark Side of Reviews: The Swaying Effects of Online Product Reviews on Attribute Preference Construction

2017 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 45

Authors: Liu, Qianqian Ben; Karahanna, Elena

Abstract: Based on the “wisdom of the crowd” effect, consumer-generated online reviews are ... Expand

Abstract: Based on the “wisdom of the crowd” effect, consumer-generated online reviews are supposed to help consumers make more accurate product evaluations. However, the large amount of information in the reviews, coupled with conflicting opinions, can make it difficult for consumers to identify and consider those attributes relevant to their decision. Thus, while online product reviews are generally believed to empower consumers, we suggest that they may have “swaying” effects in that attribute preferences (i.e., the relative importance consumers place on various product attributes in product evaluation) are more heavily influenced by characteristics of the online reviews rather than by the relevance of the attributes to the consumers’ decision context. We propose that three characteristics of online reviews affect the assessment of attribute preferences: (1) the amount of information about attribute-level performance, which is often unevenly distributed across attributes, (2) the degree of information conflict about attribute-level performance, and (3) the relationship between the overall numeric rating and the attribute-level performance information in the reviews. We test our hypotheses in two randomized experiments and a free simulation study. Results from the three studies show that the three review characteristics influence attribute preferences and that their effects are strong enough such that attribute preferences are influenced more by these online review characteristics than by the relevance of the attributes to the consumers’ decision context. Our work, which illustrates a dark side to online reviews, has implications for both online word-of-mouth and preference construction research. Collapse

Topics: online review website word of mouth online word of mouth user-generated content

Methods: experiment Student's t-test survey parametric test qualitative interview