Collateral Damage: The Relationship Between High-Salience Events and Variation in Racial Discrimination

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Gorbatai, Andreea; Younkin, Peter; Burtch, Gordon

Abstract: To what extent are individual or organizational biases affected by racially sali ... Expand

Abstract: To what extent are individual or organizational biases affected by racially salient events? We propose that acts of discrimination and the individual biases that undergird them are sensitive to high-salience events and will oscillate with the salience of the focal attribute. In short, that the propensity to discriminate reflects both individual and environmental differences, and therefore a given person may become more prone to discriminate in the aftermath of a high-salience event. We test our hypothesis in three online experiments that examine how varying the salience of race affects the evaluation of in-group or out-group founders. We find that respondents evaluate their in-group members more favorably, and out-group members less favorably, when exposed to a high-salience event, which translates into a significant disadvantage for the minority (African American) group. We complement these studies with an assessment of how police shootings affect fundraising outcomes on Kickstarter to confirm the external validity of our findings. Together, these studies indicate that racially salient events depress the quality evaluations and success odds of African American entrepreneurs relative to others. Hence, discrimination levels can be affected by salient yet unrelated events, and such events are consequential for the economic fortunes of individuals belonging to minority and disadvantaged groups.History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1527. Collapse

Topics: crowdfunding crowdsourcing website criminality application programming interface

Methods: experiment parametric test statistical hypothesis test survey facial recognition system

Analysis templates for identifying improvement opportunities with process mining

2023 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Lashkevich, Katsiaryna; Milani, Fredrik; Danylyshyn, Nadiia

Abstract: ... Expand

Abstract: Collapse

Topics: process mining ease of use perceived usefulness business process management perceived ease of use

Methods: event log qualitative interview survey qualitative content analysis personal interview

Theories: technology acceptance model

Relational Work and the Knowledge Transfer Process: Rituals in Rural Ghana

2022 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Slavova, Mira; Metiu, Anca

Abstract: We advance understandings of knowledge transfer by showing the central role of s ... Expand

Abstract: We advance understandings of knowledge transfer by showing the central role of symbolic action, taking the form of ritual, in contexts characterized by worldview differences. Using qualitative data from interactions between farming communities in rural Ghana and agriculture development specialists, we examine how rituals do relational work that enables informational work. We find that rituals (i.e., visits, value affirmations, gift-giving, prayer, performing, storytelling) do so by means of their functions–bracketing worldview differences, modeling collaboration between farmers and agriculture development specialists, and packaging new knowledge in displays of compatibility. Our work also expands scholarship on the role of rituals in organizations and on management practices in Africa. Overall, our paper offers a complex, comprehensive view of knowledge transfer as involving both relational and informational work and relying on both symbolic action and tangible elements. Collapse

Topics: knowledge sharing anonymity data quality business process management organizational change

Methods: qualitative interview field study ethnography qualitative coding Barnard's exact test

Theories: boundary objects theory

Supporting Participants in Creative Processes: Opportunities for Persuasive Technology in Participatory Design

2020 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Jalowski, Max; Schymanietz, Martin; Mã, Kathrin

Abstract: Design workshops are a popular means of conducting creative processes in groups. ... Expand

Abstract: Design workshops are a popular means of conducting creative processes in groups. There, individual and group-specific characteristics influencing creativity become apparent. The involved stakeholders are commonly non-professional designers, so motivation, ability and knowledge play an important role. For this purpose, persuasive technologies can be applied to support the participants. We conduct a multi-case study using observations of six workshops involving elements of participatory design and seven interviews with workshop moderators and participants working on creativity, design, or innovation. The data analysis enables us to identify behavioral and organizational issues. Building on this, we deduce potentials for persuasive technology in creative processes, especially in individual and group level as well as the creative process itself. Thus, this study contributes to information systems research by providing patterns of user behavior that can be targeted by persuasive technologies, i.e. information systems that can address and support user behavior as well as their creativity. Collapse

Topics: persuasive information system user behavior participatory design innovation management intrinsic motivation

Methods: qualitative interview design methodology multiple case study case study qualitative content analysis

How Doctors Gain Social and Economic Returns in Online Health-Care Communities: A Professional Capital Perspective

2017 | Journal of Management Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Guo, Shanshan; Guo, Xitong; Fang, Yulin; Vogel, Doug

Abstract: An online health-care community (OHC) is a novel channel through which doctors s ... Expand

Abstract: An online health-care community (OHC) is a novel channel through which doctors share medical or health-care knowledge with patients. While the sustainable development of an OHC relies on doctors’ participation, we have limited information on how doctors can gain benefits from OHCs. In attempting to close this knowledge gap, we examine the determinants of social and economic returns of doctors at OHCs by extending the social exchange theory into the professional domain. The notion of professional capital, as a set of renewable resources for social professionals developed by good education within a territory of social practice, is introduced to understand the unique resources available to doctors for social exchange. Specifically, we examine the effects of status capital and decisional capital (two dimensions of professional capital) on doctors’ social and economic returns. Moreover, we explore how such effects differ across different doctor groups. The results show that, in addition to the widespread pursuit of celebrity doctors (who can be recognized by their high status capital) offline, the doctor’s decisional capital is also an important professional component in maintaining exchange returns at OHCs. This study provides empirical evidence of the relationship between professional capital and the exchange returns, and extends prior research on OHCs through a professional capital perspective with implications for theory and practice. Collapse

Topics: telephone website implicit knowledge knowledge sharing online community

Methods: regression analysis method descriptive statistic multiple regression Wald test qualitativ observational study

Theories: social exchange theory

A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach to Estimate IT-Enabled Production Capability

2017 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0

Authors: Ayabakan, Sezgin; Bardhan, Indranil; Zheng, Zhiqiang (Eric)

Abstract: Information systems researchers have drawn on the resource-based view (RBV) and ... Expand

Abstract: Information systems researchers have drawn on the resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capabilities theory to offer a sharper theoretical lens to study the impact of information technology (IT) enabled capabilities on organizational performance. In this study, we propose a new conceptualization of IT-enabled production capability, based on the ability of a manufacturing plant to use its mix of resource inputs to maximize its process outputs. Our approach extends the literature on firm capability using data envelopment analysis (DEA), a nonparametric approach for estimating relative efficiencies of decision-making units. We tested our models using plant-level data collected from a sample of U.S. plants. Our study makes a key contribution by developing a new methodology to measure IT business value with respect to the role of IT-enabled production capability. We operationalize a new DEA-based measure of capability using the relative efficiency of converting plant inputs into process outputs, a significant departure from extant research that has primarily focused on subjective and absolute measures to conceptualize capability. Keywords: Production capability, data envelopment analysis, efficiency, resource-based view, information technology Collapse

Topics: supply chain management information system use IT investment marketing management outsourcing

Methods: structural equation modeling data transformation principal component analysis cross sectional research partial least squares regression

Theories: resource based view of the firm

Growing New Corporate Businesses: From Initiation to Graduation

2016 | Organization Science | Citations: 9

Authors: Raisch, Sebastian; Tushman, Michael L.

Abstract: Large companies initiate many new businesses, but few of them reach scale. The a ... Expand

Abstract: Large companies initiate many new businesses, but few of them reach scale. The ambidexterity literature describes how companies create exploratory businesses, but says little about how they subsequently scale these businesses. The strategy literature uses real option theory to explain the transition to scale, but does not consider the complex relationships between corporate ventures and their parent organizations. By comparing six longitudinal cases of large firms’ new business initiatives, we find that corporate businesses that scale undergo a graduation process in which they meet the varying expectations of multiple organizational resource providers. At the unit level, they convince established core units that the potential value from combining their resources exceeds the cost of cannibalization and internal competition. They do so by initially differentiating themselves to develop distinctive capabilities, but subsequently integrate these capabilities with those of the core units. At the corporate level, the new units demonstrate their value by adding strategic capabilities that complement those of their main organizations. They initially integrate with their corporate parents to ensure resource flows, but then differentiate themselves to develop their own strategic profile. We contribute to the ambidexterity literature by unpacking the triggers, conditions, and interaction patterns that allow exploratory units to scale. We also contribute to the strategy literature by showing the importance of multilevel exchange relationships, complementary resources, time effects, and identity dynamics for corporate decisions on whether, and when, to scale new opportunities. Collapse

Topics: business process management

Methods: qualitative interview longitudinal research archival research qualitativ observational study triangulation

Theories: ambidexterity theory

A Tree-Based Approach for Addressing Self-Selection in Impact Studies with Big Data

2016 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0

Authors: Yahav, Inbal; Shmueli, Galit; Mani, Deepa

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a tree-based approach adjusting for observable self- ... Expand

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a tree-based approach adjusting for observable self-selection bias in intervention studies in management research. In contrast to traditional propensity score (PS) matching methods, including those using classification trees as a subcomponent, our tree-based approach provides a standalone, automated, data-driven methodology that allows for (1) the examination of nascent interventions whose selection is difficult and costly to theoretically specify a priori, (2) detection of heterogeneous intervention effects for different preintervention profiles, (3) identification of pre-intervention variables that correlate with the self-selected intervention, and (4) visual presentation of intervention effects that is easy to discern and understand. As such, the tree-based approach is a useful tool for analyzing observational impact studies as well as for post-analysis of experimental data. The tree-based approach is particularly advantageous in the analyses of big data, or data with large sample sizes and a large number of variables. It outperforms PS in terms of computational time, data loss, and automatic capture of nonlinear relationships and heterogeneous interventions. It also requires less user specification and choices than PS, reducing potential data dredging. We discuss the performance of our method in the context of such big data and present results for very large simulated samples with many variables. We illustrate the method and the insights it yields in the context of three impact studies with different study designs: reanalysis of a field study on the effect of training on earnings, analysis of the impact of an electronic governance service in India based on a quasi-experiment, and performance comparison of contract pricing mechanisms and durations in IT outsourcing using observational data. Collapse

Topics: outsourcing price management big data logistics management business process outsourcing

Methods: propensity score method experimental group logistic regression simulation survey

Work Harder or Work Smarter? Information Technology and Resource Allocation in Healthcare Processes

2015 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 19

Authors: Yeow, Adrian; Huat Goh, Kim

Abstract: While the impacts of health information technology (HIT) are widely studied, pri ... Expand

Abstract: While the impacts of health information technology (HIT) are widely studied, prior research presents mixed findings. In this study, a granular examination of the impact of HIT systems on how resources are allocated to healthcare tasks and processes was undertaken. A longitudinal field study that combined interview, archival, observation, and survey data was conducted. The effects of telemedicine on the input allocative efficiency of the healthcare process through the reallocation of organizational resources was evaluated and an assessment of whether gains in allocative efficiency resulted in improvements in organizational outcomes, such as lower hospitalization rates and lower uncertainty in patient wait time, was conducted. Applying the theory of swift and even flow, our findings suggest that the gains in allocative efficiency for some processes are associated with improved organizational outcomes. Collapse

Topics: electronic health resource allocation business process redesign productivity business process management

Methods: qualitative interview survey field study longitudinal research descriptive statistic

Do Extracurricular Certificates Boost University Graduates' Job Entry? Evaluating the Impact of SAP TERP10 Courses

2014 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Baumeister, Alexander; Floren, Claudia

Abstract: Although extracurricular certificates might facilitate the job entry of graduate ... Expand

Abstract: Although extracurricular certificates might facilitate the job entry of graduates by signalling quality, evaluation literature thereto is scarce. Hence, we conduct an observational study on the impact of a standardised course “Integration of Business Processes with SAP ERP (TERP10)” offered by a number of universities worldwide and in which students can take a certification exam held by SAP AG. This SAP consultant certificate is recognised as a worldwide standard. Our study population is 649 participants in 20092014 at two German universities. An Integrated Employment Biographies data set by the Research Data Center of the German Federal Employment Agency provides details on their individual employment history. This data set, primary data from an online survey of graduates, and additional secondary data from the student statistics will be joined by data linkage. Propensity score matching will be used to examine the impact of TERP1o certificates on multiple indicators operationalizing job entry success. Collapse

Topics: data protection business process management data center SAP ERP IT career

Methods: survey experimental group qualitativ observational study propensity score matching econometric modeling