Quantum computing

2022 | Electronic Markets | Citations: 1

Authors: Rietsche, Roman; Dremel, Christian; Bosch, Samuel; Steinacker, Léa; Meckel, Miriam; Leimeister, Jan-Marco

Abstract: Quantum computing promises to be the next disruptive technology, with numerous p ... Expand

Abstract: Quantum computing promises to be the next disruptive technology, with numerous possible applications and implications for organizations and markets. Quantum computers exploit principles of quantum mechanics, such as superposition and entanglement, to represent data and perform operations on them. Both of these principles enable quantum computers to solve very specific, complex problems significantly faster than standard computers. Against this backdrop, this fundamental gives a brief overview of the three layers of a quantum computer: hardware, system software, and application layer. Furthermore, we introduce potential application areas of quantum computing and possible research directions for the field of information systems. Collapse

Topics: quantum computing computer hardware computer system Google+ electronic market

Methods: qualitative interview computational algorithm experiment literature study

Theories: quantum theory

Building an Apparatus: Refractive, Reflective, and Diffractive Readings of Trace Data

2020 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 10

Authors: Østerlund, Carsten; Crowston, Kevin; Jackson, Corey

Abstract: We propose a set of methodological principles and strategies for the use of trac ... Expand

Abstract: We propose a set of methodological principles and strategies for the use of trace data, i.e., data capturing performances carried out on or via information systems, often at a fine level of detail. Trace data comes with a number of methodological and theoretical challenges associated with the inseparable nature of the social and material. Drawing on Haraway and Barad’s distinctions among refraction, reflection, and diffraction, we compare three approaches to trace data analysis. We argue that a diffractive methodology allows us to explore how trace data are not given but created through the construction of a research apparatus to study trace data. By focusing on the diffractive ways in which traces ripple through an apparatus, it is possible to explore some of the taken-for-granted, invisible dynamics of sociomateriality. Equally important, this approach allows us to describe what distinctions emerge and when, within entwined phenomena in the research process. Empirically, we illustrate the guiding methodological principles and strategies by analyzing trace data from Gravity Spy, a crowdsourced citizen science project on Zooniverse.org. We conclude by suggesting that a diffractive methodology helps us draw together quantitative and qualitative research practices in new and productive ways that allow us to study and design for the entwined and dynamic sociomaterial practices found in contemporary organizations. Collapse

Topics: citizen science knowledge representation Wikipedia user behavior organizational context

Methods: digital trace data qualitative interview cluster analysis ontological modelling mixed method

Theories: sociomaterialism theory quantum theory

Crafting Workspaces by Entangling Physical and Digital Environments

2018 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Sheikh, Kamaran; Baptista, Joao

Abstract: Digital working is often seen to be replacing office-based work practices. This ... Expand

Abstract: Digital working is often seen to be replacing office-based work practices. This study captures the opposite, the entanglement of features of both physical and digital by software development teams in a multinational IT company. We observed how these software development teams crafted three types of entangled workspaces, characterised by different modulations of digital and physical features of their environment. We take an ontogenetic view of space that sees space as performative and constantly in the making to study the crafting of these entangled workspaces which transcend both physical and digital environments. This sociospatial view provides a novel conceptual basis to study the role of space in digital working. Collapse

Topics: systems development information system use IT work laptop computer mobile phone

Methods: case study qualitative interview theory development qualitative coding design methodology

Theories: sociomaterialism theory quantum theory

A formulation of computational trust based on quantum decision theory

2016 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0

Authors: Ashtiani, Mehrdad; Azgomi, Mohammad Abdollahi

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new formulation of computational trust based on quan ... Expand

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new formulation of computational trust based on quantum decision theory (QDT). By using this new formulation, we can divide the assigned trustworthiness values to objective and subjective parts. First, we create a mapping between the QDT definitions and the trustworthiness constructions. Then, we demonstrate that it is possible for the quantum interference terms to appear in the trust decision making process. By using the interference terms, we can quantify the emotions and subjective preferences of the trustor in various contexts with different amounts of uncertainty and risk. The non-commutative nature of quantum probabilities is a valuable mathematical tool to model the relative nature of trust. In relative trust models, the evaluation of a trustee candidate is not only dependent on the trustee itself, but on the other existing competitors. In other words, the first evaluation is performed in an isolated context whereas the rest of the evaluations are performed in a comparative one. It is shown that a QDT-based model of trust can account for these order effects in the trust decision making process. Finally, based on the principles of risk and uncertainty aversion, interference alternation theorem and interference quarter law, quantitative values are assigned to interference terms. By performing empirical evaluations, we have demonstrated that various scenarios can be better explained by a quantum model of trust rather than the commonly used classical models. Collapse

Topics: decision making

Methods: simulation Bayesian analysis descriptive statistic experiment literature study

Theories: decision theory quantum theory

Sociomateriality — taking the wrong turning? A response to Mutch

2013 | Information and Organization | Citations: 15

Authors: Scott, Susan V.; Orlikowski, Wanda J.

Abstract: In responding to Mutch's (2013) commentary on sociomateriality, our aim is to re ... Expand

Abstract: In responding to Mutch's (2013) commentary on sociomateriality, our aim is to reassert a well-established tradition of plurality in theoretical approaches in information systems and organization research. We challenge his critique by proxy and exclusionary discourse in favour of identifying commonalities and mutuality among theories that explore subtle realism. Further, we maintain that ruling out novel perspectives and stifling innovation is likely to undermine any field of study. If there is a measure of healthy scholarship then it is surely our capacity to sustain the conditions that foster openness and experimentation in the framing and doing of our research endeavors. Collapse

Topics: website innovation management

Methods: field study

Theories: sociomaterialism theory quantum theory

When knowledge is insufficient: Wisdom in a complex world

2012 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Intezari, Ali; Pauleen, David

Abstract: How to manage uncertain and unpredictable situations has been a major challenge ... Expand

Abstract: How to manage uncertain and unpredictable situations has been a major challenge facing managers and academics for decades. The development of practice and theory in knowledge management has been one important response. In this paper, however, we argue that knowledge and knowledge management may not be sufficient when dealing with emergent and unforeseen situations as knowledge tends to be past-oriented in terms of its formative components, while emergent situations are future-oriented, which may or may not be rooted in the past. In this paper, therefore, we explore this past-present-future conundrum by explaining how mere reliance on the past may restrict organizations’ ability to deal with emergent situations in the future. Finally, the role of innovation and wisdom will be introduced as a bridge connecting current past-oriented knowledge to unknown and unpredictable future-oriented events. Collapse

Topics: knowledge management strategic management

Theories: quantum theory

Selection as Design: Seeking Central Dogmas in the IS Discipline

2012 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Li, Ben

Abstract: For much of its history, IS has lacked enduring agreement about core theories un ... Expand

Abstract: For much of its history, IS has lacked enduring agreement about core theories uniting the IS discipline and its work. This paper borrows from biology the idea of a “central dogma” to propose a way to frame both thought and conversations about broadly diverse but related work within a discipline, to amplify the value of existing research through systematic synthesis, and to identify and guide new research and applications. From several IS and non-IS perspectives, it develops the novel idea of “selection as design” as a common thread by which to frame IS research and practice, and as an approach having some expected features of a disciplinary central dogma. It then uses a case study to operationalize selection as design through “selection bridges” which enable us to both examine connections among silicon and human information systems, and to leverage our findings across is theories and contexts. Collapse

Topics: IS problem IS discipline anonymity IT work Google+

Methods: case study synthesis literature study

Theories: information systems theory sociological theory information theory communication theory general systems theory

Quantum phenomena in Communities of Practice

2010 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 5

Authors: Ribeiro, Richard; Kimble, Chris; Cairns, Paul

Abstract: Although Communities of Practice have become a core concept in understanding how ... Expand

Abstract: Although Communities of Practice have become a core concept in understanding how knowledge is managed within organizations, there have been few studies of the praxis of formation of Communities of Practice. In this article, we report on a Grounded Theory study of the members of a previously identified Community of Practice within the UK Higher Education Academy Psychology Network. In addition to providing data on the functioning of the community, the study also revealed a hitherto unrecognized form of community that exhibits all of the characteristics of CoPs yet has only a transient existence that seems to nucleate around an existing core community. Drawing on the metaphor of quantum behaviour, we termed these communities Quantum Communities of Practice. We describe a theory to explain this phenomenon that is grounded in the data from the study. We conclude by discussing the value and validity of our findings and methodology and indicating the next steps we will take in our research. Collapse

Topics: communities of practice

Methods: grounded theory qualitative coding case study qualitative interview personal interview

Theories: quantum theory

How to select measures for decision support systems - An optimization approach integrating informational and economic objectives

2009 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Capra, Eugenio; Merlo, Francesco

Abstract: In this position paper we discuss the importance of Green IT as a new research f ... Expand

Abstract: In this position paper we discuss the importance of Green IT as a new research field that investigates all the environmental and energy issues related to IT and information systems in general. In particular we focus on the energy consumption of software applications, which is amplified by all the above IT layers in a data center and thus is worth a greater attention. By adopting a top-down approach, we address the problem from a logical perspective and try to identify the original cause that leads to energy consumption, i.e. the elaboration of information. We propose a research roadmap to identify a set of software complexity and quality metrics that can be used to estimate energy consumption and to compare specific software applications. Collapse

Topics: computer hardware data center open source IT manager software developer

Methods: experiment computational algorithm

Theories: quantum theory physics theory

A survey of quantum games

2008 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 1

Authors: Guo, Hong; Zhang, Juheng; Koehler, Gary J.

Abstract: This paper presents an overview and survey of a new type of game-theoretic setti ... Expand

Abstract: This paper presents an overview and survey of a new type of game-theoretic setting based on ideas emanating from quantum computing. (We provide a brief overview of quantum computing at the beginning of the paper.) Initial results suggest this view brings more flexibility and possibilities into decisions involving game-theoretic considerations. Applications cover a broad spectrum of classical games as well as games in economics, finance and other areas. Collapse

Topics: quantum computing information exchange accounting

Methods: survey game theoretical model literature study

Theories: game theory quantum theory prisoner's dilemma