Reject and Resubmit: A Formal Analysis of Gender Differences in Reapplication and Their Contribution to Women’s Presence in Talent Pipelines

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Fernandez-Mateo, Isabel; Rubineau, Brian; Kuppuswamy, Venkat

Abstract: A common explanation for women’s underrepresentation in many economic contexts i ... Expand

Abstract: A common explanation for women’s underrepresentation in many economic contexts is that women exit talent pipelines at higher rates than men. Recent empirical findings reveal that, in male-dominated selection contexts, women are less likely than men to reapply after being rejected for an opportunity. We examine the conditions under which this gender difference contributes to women’s underrepresentation in talent pipelines over time. We formally model and analyze the population dynamics of a generic selection context, which we then ground using three distinct empirical settings. We show that gender differences in reapplication are an important mechanism of gender segregation in some selection contexts but negligible in others. The extent to which gender differences in reapplication contribute to women’s underrepresentation is driven in part by the rejection rate. Higher rejection rates increase the stock of rejected applicants, which in turn enables gender differences in reapplication to disproportionally reduce women’s representation. The results demonstrate that interactions between individuals’ choices on the supply side and screeners’ behavior on the demand side may have consequences for gender inequality, even if we were able to fully eliminate demand-side biases. We discuss the theoretical and policy implications of our research for understanding women’s underrepresentation in talent pipelines. We also interrogate the effectiveness of common interventions focused on encouraging women to apply for opportunities in male-dominated domains. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1635. Collapse

Topics: crowdfunding crowdsourcing anonymity

Methods: theory development simulation descriptive statistic robustness check system dynamics

Do Managers’ Affiliation Ties Have a Negative Relationship with Subordinates’ Interfirm Mobility? Evidence from Large U.S. Law Firms

2022 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Carnahan, Seth; Rabier, MaryJane; Uribe, Jose

Abstract: We hypothesize that employee mobility between organizations will be lower when t ... Expand

Abstract: We hypothesize that employee mobility between organizations will be lower when the organizations’ managers share affiliation ties. We test this idea by examining interorganizational employee mobility between large corporate law practices. We find that a practice area is less likely to hire attorneys from a rival practice area when the leaders of the two practice areas attended the same law school at the same time, our proxy for the presence of an affiliation tie. The negative relationship is stronger for hiring higher-ranked attorneys, and it is driven by practice leaders from the same law school class. Exploiting appointments of new practice leaders, we find a sharp and immediate decline in interorganizational mobility following an appointment that creates an affiliation tie between the leadership of the practice areas. Although we cannot rule out the possibility that job seekers’ preferences drive the results, we conclude that rival managers’ ties deserve further scrutiny because they might limit the outside employment opportunities of their subordinates. Collapse

Topics: human resource management database system entrepreneurship software developer intellectual property

Methods: qualitative interview LexisNexis theory development Poisson regression descriptive statistic

Is It All About Transparency? The Effectiveness and Ethics of a Digital Salience Nudge

2021 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Michels, Leonard; Schmitt, Kathrin; Ochmann, Jessica; Laumer, Sven; Tiefenbeck, Verena

Abstract: Digital nudges offer a promising avenue to promote individual welfare by suppor ... Expand

Abstract: Digital nudges offer a promising avenue to promote individual welfare by supporting individuals in their daily decision-making. However, most existing applications merely adapt analog nudges to the digital world, rather than leveraging the unique possibilities that digital environments offer. At the same time, recent discussions raise ethical objections to nudges and suggest disclosing transparent information about nudges as a measure to overcome these. Based on salience theory, we develop a digital salience nudge to increase the healthiness of online food product choices by reducing the visual salience of unhealthy food products. In an online experiment with 399 participants, we evaluate the effectiveness of this nudge and investigate the effect of disclosing transparent information on the nudge. The results suggest that the digital salience nudge reduces the share of unhealthy food product choices by 44% (from 27 to 15%). Disclosing transparent information on the nudge, however, does not change its effectiveness. Collapse

Topics: data breach user interface

Methods: experiment regression analysis method survey chi squared test statistical hypothesis test

The influence of algorithm aversion and anthropomorphic agent design on the acceptance of AI-based job recommendations

2020 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Ochmann, Jessica; Michels, Leonard; Zilker, Sandra; Tiefenbeck, Verena; Laumer, Sven

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising tools to support the job-seeking p ... Expand

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising tools to support the job-seeking process by providing automatic and user-centered job recommendations. However, job seekers often hesitate to trust AI-based recommendations in this context given the far-reaching consequences of the importance of the decision for a job on their future career and life. This hesitation is largely driven by a lack of explainability, as underlying algorithms are complex and not clear to the user. Prior research suggests that anthropomorphization (i.e., the attribution of human traits) can increase the acceptance of technology. Therefore, we adapted this concept for AI-based recommender systems and conducted a survey-based study with 120 participants. We find that that using an anthropomorphic design in a recommender system for open positions increases job seekers' acceptance of the underlying system. However, algorithm aversion rises if detailed information on the algorithmic origin is being disclosed. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence recommender system technophobia logistics management social media

Methods: computational algorithm survey logistic regression experimental group statistical hypothesis test

Towards Understanding the Adoption and Social Experience of Digital Wallet Systems

2019 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Tang, Shiliang; Wu, Ziming; Zhang, Xinyi; Wang, Gang; Ma, Xiaojuan; Zheng, Haitao; Zhao, Ben Y

Abstract: For millions around the globe, digital wallets are replacing cash and credit car ... Expand

Abstract: For millions around the globe, digital wallets are replacing cash and credit cards. These services support user-to-user payments, and add a social component to transactions. However, there is little understanding of the key factors behind digital wallets’ rapid growth in US (Venmo) and China (WeChat Pay). What are the factors that led to their success? How social relationships play a role in their adoption? We conduct a mixed methods study, using a comprehensive survey (N=879) and semi-structured interviews (N=41) to explore the interplay of the two roles of these digital wallets, i.e., a payment system and a social platform. Our analysis suggests that the network effect does benefit their adoption and retention, but through different mechanisms. In return, transaction activities performed in digital wallets help strengthen existing social ties. We also present design implications for future social payment services. Collapse

Topics: WeChat peer-to-peer model social network social media mobile system

Methods: survey qualitative interview mixed method personal interview qualitative coding

Theories: social exchange theory

Getting a job via career-oriented social networking markets

2017 | Electronic Markets | Citations: 0

Authors: Buettner, Ricardo

Abstract: While career-oriented social networking markets (CSNM) such as LinkedIn or XING ... Expand

Abstract: While career-oriented social networking markets (CSNM) such as LinkedIn or XING are increasingly appreciated by a large number of internet users, our understanding of CSNM benefits and factors influencing the intention to use CSNM for a job search is very limited. For theoretical work on CSNM I extend Venkatesh’s et al. UTAUT2 model by presenting a new concept considering a user’s ties based on Granovetter’s social network theory. The evaluation of the extended model, which asks users of CSNM about their job search behavior and their search success, shows a predictive quality increase from 19.0 percent to 80.5 percent. Post hoc analyses reveal a substantial negative relationship between the number of a user’s ties and its job search success, which supports the experience of practitioners but contradicts scholarly findings. A level of about 150 contacts is most effective in terms of getting job offers, which confirms Dunbar’s number. The results are useful for scholars and practitioners. Collapse

Topics: behavioral intention social network IT career usage intention human resource management

Methods: theory development survey post-hoc analysis structural equation modeling statistical power analysis

Theories: extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology new institutional economics social network theory unified theory of acceptance and use of technology

Chief Data Officer Appointment and Origin: A Theoretical Perspective

2017 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Zhang, Hongyun; Lee, Yang; Wang, Rich; Huang, Wei

Abstract: In an era of big data, organizations are undergoing a revolution in the ways in ... Expand

Abstract: In an era of big data, organizations are undergoing a revolution in the ways in which data is being visualized and transformed. Successfully navigating this process and completing the transformation requires that organizations not only shift their systems, structures, and human resource, but they must also develop an organizational culture that shares their vision. In this study we bring in three theories: upper echelons, contingency, and organizational adaption, to discuss what conditions affect an organization‟s decision to hire a Chief Data Officer (CDO), and where a CDO would be more likely to come from. In this research we pair and propose 12 propositions. We postulate that organization size, industry dynamism, diversification strategy, top management team (TMT) functional heterogeneity, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) tenure, and firm performance are six antecedents that have the greatest impact on CDO appointment and origin. Collapse

Topics: organizational productivity social network decision making organization learning

Theories: contingency theory adaptation-level theory upper echelons theory

Understanding Executive Job Search

2014 | Organization Science | Citations: 4

Authors: Cappelli, Peter; Hamori, Monika

Abstract: We apply the exploitation/exploration dichotomy faced by organizations in busine ... Expand

Abstract: We apply the exploitation/exploration dichotomy faced by organizations in business strategy to the decisions of individual executives as to whether to continue in their current organization and exploit career opportunities there or explore new ones through the avenue of job search. Specifically, we observe whether executives pursue offers from an executive search firm to be considered for positions at other organizations. Insights from the multi-armed bandit problem help explain who searches and who does not, focusing on the structural attributes of each individual’s situation. Individuals are more likely to search where their current roles are less certain and where broader career experience makes search more useful because the array of possible opportunities is greater. The results also shed light on the operations of executive search firms, who are central actors in executive careers. Collapse

Topics: IT career database system financial performance marketing management mergers and acquisition

Methods: statistical hypothesis test Compustat Student's t-test regression analysis method experimental design

Theories: economic search theory

Recruitment in Social Networking Sites: A Theoretical Model of Jobseekers' Intentions

2009 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 1

Authors: Plummer, Maria M; Hiltz, Starr Roxanne

Abstract: We propose a risk-benefit model for studying jobseekers’ behavioral intentions t ... Expand

Abstract: We propose a risk-benefit model for studying jobseekers’ behavioral intentions to apply for a job in the context of social networking sites (SNSs). Our model integrates classic technology adoption/utilization theories with salient factors such as privacy concerns that have increased in significance with the growing use of SNSs as a recruitment source. We hypothesize that jobseekers’ outcome expectancy (degree of optimism with respect to finding a job) and perceived usefulness of SNSs are both impacted by the availability of information about social connections to potential employers and by perceptions of justice in the job candidate selection process. Further, perceived usefulness of SNSs is influenced by outcome expectancy. This model also suggests that perceived risks (in terms of uncertainty and possible adverse consequences) are affected by online information privacy concerns. Finally, outcome expectancy, perceived usefulness of SNSs and perceived risks directly predict intentions to use SNSs to apply for a job. Collapse

Topics: behavioral intention perceived usefulness information privacy concern privacy human computer interaction

Methods: archival research survey theory development

From Association to Causation via a Potential Outcomes Approach

2008 | Information Systems Research | Citations: 1

Authors: Mithas, Sunil; Krishnan, M. S.

Abstract: Despite the importance of causal analysis in building a valid knowledge base and ... Expand

Abstract: Despite the importance of causal analysis in building a valid knowledge base and in answering managerial questions, the issue of causality rarely receives the attention it deserves in information systems (IS) and management research that uses observational data. In this paper, we discuss a potential outcomes framework for estimating causal effects and illustrate the application of the framework in the context of a phenomenon that is also of substantive interest to IS researchers. We use a matching technique based on propensity scores to estimate the causal effect of an MBA on information technology (IT) professionals' salary in the United States. We demonstrate the utility of this counterfactual or potential outcomes–based framework in providing an estimate of the sensitivity of the estimated causal effects because of selection on unobservables. We also discuss issues related to the heterogeneity of treatment effects that typically do not receive as much attention in alternative methods of estimation, and show how the potential outcomes approach can provide several new insights into who benefits the most from the interventions and treatments that are likely to be of interest to IS researchers. We discuss the usefulness of the matching technique in IS and management research and provide directions to move from establishing association to assessing causation. Collapse

Topics: IT workforce human resource management website missing data organizational value

Methods: propensity score method Rubin causal model experimental group sensitivity analysis causality analysis

Theories: human capital theory economic theory agency theory