Gamified monetary reward designs: Offering certain versus chance-based rewards

2023 | Information Systems Journal | Citations: 0

Authors: Adam, Martin; Reinelt, Annika; Roethke, Konstantin

Abstract: To motivate visitors to engage with websites, e-tailers widely employ monetary r ... Expand

Abstract: To motivate visitors to engage with websites, e-tailers widely employ monetary rewards (e.g., vouchers, discounts) in their website designs. With advances in user interface technologies, many e-tailers have started to offer gamified monetary reward designs (MRDs), which require visitors to earn the monetary reward by playing a game, rather than simply claiming the reward. However, little is known about whether and why gamified MRDs engage visitors compared to their non-gamified counterpart. Even less is known about the effectiveness of gamified MRDs when providing certain or chance-based rewards, in that visitors do or do not know what reward they will gain for successfully performing in the game. Drawing on cognitive evaluation theory, we investigate gamified MRDs with certain or chance-based rewards and contrast them to non-gamified MRDs with certain rewards in user registration systems. Our results from a multi-method approach encompassing the complementary features of a randomised field experiment (N = 651) and a randomised online experiment (N = 330) demonstrate differential effects of the three investigated MRDs on user registration. Visitors encountering either type of gamified MRD are more likely to register than those encountering a non-gamified MRD. Moreover, gamified MRDs with chance-based rewards have the highest likelihood of user registrations. We also show that MRDs have distinct indirect effects on user registration via anticipated experiences of competence and sensation. Overall, the paper offers theoretical insights and practical guidance on how and why gamified MRDs are effective for e-tailers. Collapse

Topics: website electronic mail electronic commerce gamification website design

Methods: experiment randomized field experiment survey experimental task mixed method

Theories: cognitive evaluation theory self determination theory

The Evaluation of Founder Failure and Success by Hiring Firms: A Field Experiment

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Botelho, Tristan L.; Chang, Melody

Abstract: Organizations tout the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship. Yet, when ... Expand

Abstract: Organizations tout the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship. Yet, when hiring it remains unclear how they evaluate entrepreneurial human capital—namely, job candidates with founder experience. How hiring firms evaluate this experience—and especially how this evaluation varies by entrepreneurial success and failure—reveals insights into the structures and processes within organizations. Organizations research points to two perspectives related to the evaluation of founder experience: Former founders may be advantaged, due to founder experience signaling high-quality capabilities and human capital, or disadvantaged, due to concerns related to fit and commitment. To identify the dominant class of mechanisms driving the evaluation of founder experience, it is important to consider how these evaluations differ, depending on whether the founder’s venture failed or succeeded. To isolate demand-side mechanisms and hold supply-side factors constant, we conducted a field experiment. We sent applications varying the candidate’s founder experience to 2,400 software engineering positions in the United States at random. We find that former founders received 43% fewer callbacks than nonfounders and that this difference is driven by older hiring firms. Further, this founder penalty is greatest for former successful founders, who received 33% fewer callbacks than former failed founders. Our results highlight that mechanisms related to concerns about fit and commitment, rather than information asymmetry about quality, are most influential when hiring firms evaluate former founders in our context. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1592. Collapse

Topics: IT career human resource management entrepreneurship systems development innovation management

Methods: qualitative interview field experiment theory development experiment experimental design

Theories: lemon market theory

Low-Coders, No-Coders, and Citizen Developers in Demand: Examining Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities Through a Job Market Analysis

2023 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Binzer, Björn; Winkler, Till J.

Abstract: The emergence of low-code/no-code (LCNC) platform technologies and the resultin ... Expand

Abstract: The emergence of low-code/no-code (LCNC) platform technologies and the resulting increase in citizen development programs are facilitating the democratization of the design, development, and deployment of digital solutions. Citizen developers, non-technical employees who leverage LCNC platforms, are at the heart of this trend. While many firms perceive LCNC and citizen development as a crucial component of their digital transformation strategy, little is known about the evolving roles in this field or the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA). To address this knowledge gap, we processed 113,106 job postings published on Indeed.com. Our topic modeling methodology identified 34 KSA topics and classified them into the three domains platform, business, and technology. We contribute to research by empirically demonstrating which competencies are required to successfully work in the LCNC field. Our findings can guide individual professionals and organizations alike. Collapse

Topics: online labor market Indeed.com low code development platform Python project management

Methods: topic model natural language processing computational algorithm latent dirichlet allocation NLTK

Balancing on the Triple-Bottom-Line: Tensions in the Success Factors of Digital Business Models for Sustainability

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Böttcher, Timo; Petry, Jana; Weking, Jörg; Hein, Andreas

Abstract: We need innovations that enable a sustainable economy and sustainable private co ... Expand

Abstract: We need innovations that enable a sustainable economy and sustainable private consumption to meet the grand challenges of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. As an essential source of innovation, startups play a crucial role in improving sustainability by creating innovative and sustainable products and services as part of their business models (BMs). Since BMs are at a firm's core, BMs are a decisive factor that influences whether startups fail or thrive; we analyze the success factors of sustainable BMs. We interviewed 16 experts from 15 startups implementing sustainable BMs based on digital technologies and one incubator specializing in sustainability. We identify six success factors representing tensions in digital BM design that entrepreneurs need to address. Our analysis shows how the design of sustainable digital BMs differs from regular digital BMs and how the tensions affect the success of startups. For established firms, the results guide BM design and technology use. Collapse

Topics: business-to-business value creation systems implementation entrepreneurship innovation management

Methods: qualitative interview qualitative coding theory development

When Does the Pre-entry Experience of New Entrants Improve Their Performance? A Meta-Analytical Investigation of Critical Moderators

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Cao, Zhi; Posen, Hart E.

Abstract: Although pre-entry experience is widely regarded as a critical asset that positi ... Expand

Abstract: Although pre-entry experience is widely regarded as a critical asset that positively influences new entrant performance, empirical support is mixed. To address this inconsistency, we conduct a meta-analysis of the empirical findings in 272 papers. We draw theoretically on the organizational learning literature to argue that the pre-entry experience–new entrant performance relationship is contingent on the characteristics of pre-entry experience, the environmental context of the new entrant, and the interaction between the two. In particular, we examine the effects of two levels of pre-entry experience (firm and founder), four types of founder-level pre-entry experience (entrepreneurial, managerial, industry, and functional experience), and two types of environments (industry and institutional). The meta-analysis results show a significant and positive correlation between founder-level pre-entry experience and economic performance of 0.07. Likewise, the failure rates of spinouts and diversifying entrants are 11% lower than that of start-ups. The moderating analysis results show that the correlation of founder-level pre-entry experience and economic performance is lower in knowledge- or technology-intensive (KTI) industries and higher in low-KTI manufacturing and service industries. The correlation is also higher in institutional environments with high power distance and individualism. These findings provide compelling new evidence for the importance of pre-entry experience and advance our understanding of the boundary conditions on the pre-entry experience–new entrant performance relationship. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1589. Collapse

Topics: national culture organization learning entrepreneurship productivity research and development

Methods: descriptive statistic hazard function meta analysis literature sample chi squared test

Match Made by Humans: A Critical Enquiry into Human-Machine Configurations in Data Labelling

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Chandhiramowuli, S.; Chaudhuri, B.

Abstract: We present a critical ethnographic study of data labelling conducted in a Banga ... Expand

Abstract: We present a critical ethnographic study of data labelling conducted in a Bangalore-based AI start-up. Labelled datasets are primarily produced by human data workers. We explore how humans and machines are configured together in data labelling and what are the demands placed on human workers, including on their body and cognition, while being assigned in the service of machine intelligence. We also show how these human-machine configurations sustain and reproduce the seamless functioning of apparently "autonomous" AI as a normative vision. Though labelled datasets are an indispensable prerequisite to creating ML/AI-based systems, the human labour that produces these datasets cannot be acknowledged fully if the techno-entrepreneurial vision of "self-learning" machine intelligence is to be celebrated and sustained. In pursuit of a normative position of what AI should be, we are left with a denial of how AI is actually produced now. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence price management organization structure outsourcing crowdsourcing

Methods: qualitative interview ethnography participant observation personal interview grounded theory

Theories: sociotechnical systems theory

From Full-fledged ERP Systems Towards Process-centric Business Process Platforms

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Böhme, Lukas; Wuttke, Tobias; Bender, Benedict; Teusner, Ralf; Baltes, Sebastian; Matthies, Christoph; Perscheid, Michael

Abstract: Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are critical to the success of enter ... Expand

Abstract: Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are critical to the success of enterprises, facilitating business operations through standardized digital processes. However, existing ERP systems are unsuitable for startups and small and medium-sized enterprises that grow quickly and require adaptable solutions with low barriers to entry. Drawing upon 15 explorative interviews with industry experts, we examine the challenges of current ERP systems using the task technology fit theory across companies of varying sizes. We describe high entry barriers, high costs of implementing implicit processes, and insufficient interoperability of already employed tools. We present a vision of a future business process platform based on three enablers: Business processes as first-class entities, semantic data and processes, and cloud-native elasticity and high availability. We discuss how these enablers address current ERP systems' challenges and how they may be used for research on the next generation of business software for tomorrow's enterprises. KeywordsERP system, enterprise system, business process platform. Collapse

Topics: enterprise resource planning business process management enterprise information system cloud computing semantic data model

Methods: qualitative interview personal interview data modeling business process modeling literature study

Theories: theory of task technology fit

Using machine learning to create and capture value in the business models of small and medium-sized enterprises

2023 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Costa-Climent, Ricardo; Haftor, Darek M.; Staniewski, Marcin W.

Abstract: Start-ups have revolutionised many economic ecosystems, becoming innovation pion ... Expand

Abstract: Start-ups have revolutionised many economic ecosystems, becoming innovation pioneers around the world. Most are based on data-driven business models, particularly relying on machine learning technologies. However, not all start-ups that use machine learning technologies manage to create and capture value. The existing literature on the use value enabled by information technologies does not take into account the unique capabilities of machine learning. The theory of data network effects offers a promising explanation of how to create value using machine learning. However, it does not explicitly describe how to capture value using machine learning. In contrast, business model theory explains how companies use technologies to create and capture value, but not specifically through the use of machine learning technology. Therefore, this study aims to improve the theo­ retical understanding of the key drivers of value creation and capture in start-ups with business models driven by this kind of technology. Statistical techniques are used in a sample of 122 start-ups to explore the theoretical relationships between these two theories. The analysis reveals the link between specific value creation and capture factors of the two theories, such as efficiency, novelty, and performance expectancy. The study also provides evidence of the need to adopt a co-evolutionary perspective of value creation and capture through the use of machine learning. Collapse

Topics: value creation Twitter social media database system website

Methods: descriptive statistic theory development regression analysis method general multivariate regression model linear regression analysis

External Interfaces or Internal Processes? Market Positioning and Divergent Professionalization Paths in Young Ventures

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: DeSantola, Alicia; Gulati, Ranjay; Zhelyazkov, Pavel I.

Abstract: We explore how the initial market positioning of entrepreneurial ventures shapes ... Expand

Abstract: We explore how the initial market positioning of entrepreneurial ventures shapes how they professionalize over time, focusing specifically on the development of functional roles. In contrast to existing literature, which presumes a uniform march toward professionalization as ventures scale and complete developmental milestones, we advance a contingent perspective, distinguishing between the development of external interface functions (marketing & sales and customer development) and internal process functions (accounting, human resources, and finance). Specifically, we argue that positioning in an unconventional market space raises demand for external engagement that focuses ventures’ attention and resources toward developing external interface roles. At the same time, such unconventional ventures are less apt to elaborate their internal process roles relative to more conventional peers. We test these predictions using a novel longitudinal data set on the internal organizations of 3,748 U.S.-based entrepreneurial ventures. In contrast to common assumptions of convergent professionalization, our theory and findings advance the perspective that ventures pursue divergent professionalization paths based on their initial market positioning as they scale up. Funding: This research was generously funded in part by a Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Dissertation Fellowship awarded to the first author. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1561. Collapse

Topics: accounting marketing management human resource management database system entrepreneurship

Methods: qualitative interview robustness check longitudinal research statistical hypothesis test descriptive statistic

Theories: organizational theory contingency theory

Shopping for digital innovation— The role of startup acquisitions for digital innovation in incumbents

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Dekova, Ani; Böttcher, Timo; Krcmar, Helmut

Abstract: Incumbent firms increasingly acquire startups for digital innovation. Startups ... Expand

Abstract: Incumbent firms increasingly acquire startups for digital innovation. Startups excel at sensing market opportunities, and incumbents provide valuable resources and knowledge to seize these opportunities in digital business models. While extant research has explored the benefits resulting from such acquisitions, the reasons and strategic motivations for startup acquisitions remain unclear. This paper seeks to explore the motivations behind such acquisitions and their impact on digital business strategies. Drawing on a qualitative analysis of 124 startup acquisitions by retail incumbents, we identify six reasons incumbents acquire digital startups and two strategic goals pursued through these acquisitions. They illustrate how and why the acquisitions contribute to the incumbents' strategic goals for digital innovation and growth, and propose three testable hypotheses to deepen our understanding of this relationship. This study provides valuable insights for incumbents seeking to collaborate with startups and identifies startups suited for acquisition or collaboration. Collapse

Topics: digital innovation innovation management digital entrepreneurship business model digital business strategy

Methods: literature study qualitative coding triangulation survey grounded theory