Toward a campus crisis management system amid the pandemic and beyond

2023 | Information & Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Li, Yaojie; Zhou, Yi; Ge, Linqiang; Chen, Rui; Xiong, Jie

Abstract: This study develops artifact and design principles for a campus-wide crisis mana ... Expand

Abstract: This study develops artifact and design principles for a campus-wide crisis management system amid the COVID19 pandemic and beyond. Drawing upon crisis management literature and the uncertainty reduction theory, we develop a preliminary crisis management system with three fundamental components: dashboard, portal, and forum, geared toward aggregating environmental information, expert knowledge, and stakeholder insights. This immediate, integrated, and interactive campus crisis management system aims to promote organizational learning through knowledge acquisition, dissemination, and utilization while reducing stakeholders’ uncertainty about the crisis. Through comprehensive evaluation, we further synthesize and summarize new design principles for prospective artifacts, including constructing a distributed crisis management network, capitalizing on data mining and knowledge discovery algorithms, and developing the adaptability of the crisis management system in various circumstances. Collapse

Topics: emergency management pandemic organization learning digital dashboard usability

Methods: design principle design science design artifact machine learning kernel theory

Theories: uncertainty reduction theory organizational learning theory theory of abduction

Renegotiation of Software Outsourcing Contracts

2019 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Huang, He; Hu, Minhui; Kauffman, Robert J; Xu, Hongyan

Abstract: Fixed-price and time-and-materials contracts are commonly-used contract forms by ... Expand

Abstract: Fixed-price and time-and-materials contracts are commonly-used contract forms by clients in software outsourcing. The two parties, client and provider, usually renegotiate the testing time after system development occurs. This research investigates the impacts of such renegotiation on the client’s contract choice. Our analysis shows that under both contract forms, renegotiation can incentivize the provider’s effort, and this effect becomes more influential when the provider has higher bargaining power. Compared with a fixedprice contract, a time-and-materials contract can stimulate the provider’s effort based on the terms for monitoring and reimbursement. The results suggest that when the provider has high bargaining power, the client will prefer a fixed-price contract. But when the provider has low bargaining power and the cost of monitoring is low, the client will prefer a time-andmaterials contract. When the provider has low bargaining power and the cost of monitoring is high though, the client will prefer a fixed-price contract. Collapse

Topics: outsourcing systems development system reliability system testing

The Philosopher's Corner: The Value of Feyerabend's Anarchic Thinking for Information Systems Research

2018 | ACM SIGMIS Database | Citations: 0

Authors: Gregor, Shirley

Abstract: Further consideration of Feyerabend's ideas has potential value for information ... Expand

Abstract: Further consideration of Feyerabend's ideas has potential value for information systems research. He continues in a long and commendable tradition of the scientist as a subversive and rebel - a tradition including Galileo, Franklin, Darwin, and Einstein - and a tradition that emphasizes science as a creative human activity. Treiblmaier advances three propositions regarding Feyerabend's ideas and their potential for IS research. The first, if taken to mean that in Feyerabend's spirit of anarchy there should be ongoing questioning of our epistemological foundations, is worth supporting for a number of reasons, including the apparent hegemony of hypothetico-deductive type perspectives. The second, if meaning that in Feyerabend's spirit a variety of research approaches should be supported, is accepted in many traditional views of science. The third proposition is benign if "anything goes" as a principle means more openness and tolerance of differing and new viewpoints. However, there are issues if this stance includes strong relativism. Information systems research generates knowledge that can be applied to practical problems. We should be able to retain Feyerabend's questioning spirit, yet develop actionable knowledge that has sufficient credibility to be useful in the world. Collapse

Topics: system testing

Key Affordances of Platform-as-a-Service: Self-Organization and Continuous Feedback

2018 | Journal of Management Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Krancher, Oliver; Luther, Pascal; Jost, Marc

Abstract: Although software development teams increasingly use Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS ... Expand

Abstract: Although software development teams increasingly use Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), a minimal amount is known regarding the impact of PaaS on software development. We explored the impact of PaaS on software development through a grounded-theory study, conducting 48 interviews in 16 teams. The data turned our attention to the affordances, or potentials for action, that PaaS provides to software development teams. Two key affordances emerging from our data analysis were self-organizing and triggering continuous feedback. Actualizing these affordances helped accelerate the collective learning processes that underlie software development, thus supporting software development teams in their quest for agility. Our emerging theory explains how, why, and when these affordances arise. The key contribution of our paper lies in unveiling how the use of cloud computing technology can transform technology-mediated collective learning activities by helping to remove barriers to rapid feedback. Our findings also imply that organizations can leverage PaaS to facilitate the transition to agile and continuous software development practices, in particular in conjunction with cross-functional team designs. Collapse

Topics: platform as a service systems development affordance cloud computing user experience

Methods: qualitative interview design methodology grounded theory theory development constant comparative analysis

Theories: theory of affordance

XLab: Early Indications & Warnings from Open Source Data with Application to Biological Threat

2018 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Simek, Olga; Davis, Curtis; Heier, Andrew; Mohindra, Sanjeev; O'Brien, Kyle; Passarelli, John; Waugh, Frederick

Abstract: XLab is an early warning system that addresses a broad range of national securit ... Expand

Abstract: XLab is an early warning system that addresses a broad range of national security threats using a flexible, rapidly reconfigurable architecture. XLab enables intelligence analysts to visualize, explore, and query a knowledge base constructed from multiple data sources, guided by subject matter expertise codified in threat model graphs. This paper describes a novel system prototype that addresses threats arising from biological weapons of mass destruction. The prototype applies knowledge extraction analytics-”including link estimation, entity disambiguation, and event detection-”to build a knowledge base of 40 million entities and 140 million relationships from open sources. Exact and inexact subgraph matching analytics enable analysts to search the knowledge base for instances of modeled threats. The paper introduces new methods for inexact matching that accommodate threat models with temporal and geospatial patterns. System performance is demonstrated using several simplified threat models and an embedded scenario. Collapse

Topics: knowledge graph knowledge base database system open source graph database

Methods: computational algorithm design artifact longitudinal research literature study named entity recognition

Smart Application Development for IoT Asset Management Using Graph Database Modeling and High-Availability Web Services

2018 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Smidt, Holm; Thornton, Matsu; Ghorbani, Reza

Abstract: The rapid transition from purely physical or purely virtual systems, as we know ... Expand

Abstract: The rapid transition from purely physical or purely virtual systems, as we know them, to increasingly interconnected cyber-physical systems with high integration of the Internet-of-Things demands a paradigm shift in the development of information systems–smart applications–for the planning and operation of these systems. To address the demand of managing the integration of connected devices and enabling new business models from the heavily interconnected systems, current architectural reference models were considered and components of each synthesized into a proposed software stack for smart application development. This work lends its implementation approach to the utility of graph theory in modeling complex systems, and implements a graph database for managing and maintaining connected components that emphasize each component’s virtual and physical connectivity, technical functionalities, and state. The graph database microservice is then integrated with a highly available web framework and communication broker service in a multi-layered software framework to integrate Internet-of-Things devices and make services available over the web. The framework’s–and respective components’–feasibility and utility is demonstrated through a use case for modeling, connecting, and controlling interconnected homes in a modern smart grid, and abstracting transactional device data for new business models, such as demand response ancillary services. Collapse

Topics: graph database internet of things mobile system user interface system testing

Methods: literature study simulation reference modelling

Theories: graph theory

Analyzing social choice and group ranking of online games for product mix innovation

2017 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 1

Authors: Tung, Wei-Feng; Lan, Yu-Jei

Abstract: With the increasing populations of the smartphones and mobile devices these year ... Expand

Abstract: With the increasing populations of the smartphones and mobile devices these years, the majority of people have played the mobile or online games on their smartphones. As such users have rapidly increased, this research is to propose an innovative service that can automatically recommend the users the appropriate online games as their optional references. In order for market competition, the most online games’ enterprises need to develop and sell the newer online game products or versions continuously for the customers who like to play online games. Now that the types and markets of online games have had the more diverse along with the sustainable development of online game products over time. This research is to propose an integrative analysis from a large amount of data -users’ preference sequences. Firstly, the research utilizes a sequence recommendation technology that can be used to analyze their preference sequences of online game’s types based on other similar users’ sequence preference data. In other words, these recommended online game’s types that can be generated according to the relationships between the query user’s preferences and users themselves. All sequences from numerous data are accumulated to be the inferences of the query users’ preferences. Secondly, the research also utilizes data mining methodology to explore the possibilities of different product mix of game types from numerous user data. For the main methodology, this research uses a ‘partial user ranking algorithm’ to analyze group ranking of online games based on similar users. The purpose is to explore how the players can be recommended based on the other users’ priorities, as well as the product mix of game types which can be the potential business trends come to markets. Furthermore, this study contributes to a research implication for online game industry, and the results also could be the business references of game combinations and product design. Collapse

Topics: online game innovation management recommender system website Facebook

Methods: survey computational algorithm descriptive statistic machine learning

Theories: social choice theory

Test sequencing for sequential system diagnosis with precedence constraints and imperfect tests

2017 | Decision Support Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Wei, Wenchao; Li, Hongbo; Leus, Roel

Abstract: We study sequential system testing with the objective of minimizing the total ex ... Expand

Abstract: We study sequential system testing with the objective of minimizing the total expected testing costs. The goal is to discover the state of a system that consists of a set of independent components. The state of the system depends on the states of the individual components and is classified as working if at least a pre-specified number of components are working, otherwise it is said to be down. During the diagnostic testing procedure, components are tested one by one, in a pre-specified order. The resulting test sequencing problem is NP-hard with general precedence constraints even when the tests are perfect, in which case a component test always reports the correct state of the component. In this work, we will also consider the additional complication that tests can be imperfect, meaning that a test can report a component to be working when it is actually down, and vice versa. We develop a tabu search algorithm together with a simulation-based evaluation technique that incorporates importance sampling to find high-quality solutions within limited runtimes. Collapse

Topics: system testing laptop computer Microsoft Windows

Methods: computational algorithm experiment simulation Monte Carlo simulation classification method

Web 2.0 Environmental Scanning and Adaptive Decision Support for Business Mergers and Acquisitions

2012 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0

Authors: Lau, Raymond Y. K.; Liao, Stephen S. Y.; Wong, K. F.; Chiu, Dickson K. W.

Abstract: Globalization has triggered a rapid increase in cross-border mergers and acquisi ... Expand

Abstract: Globalization has triggered a rapid increase in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As). However, research shows that only 17 percent of cross-border M&As create shareholder value. One of the main reasons for this poor track record is top management’s lack of attention to nonfinancial aspects (e.g., sociocultural aspects) of M&As. With the rapid growth of Web 2.0 applications, online environmental scanning provides top executives with unprecedented opportunities to tap into collective web intelligence to develop better insights about the sociocultural and political–economic factors that cross-border M&As face. Grounded in Porter’s five forces model, one major contribution of our research is the design of a novel due diligence scorecard model that leverages collective web intelligence to enhance M&A decision making. Another important contribution of our work is the design and development of an adaptive business intelligence (BI) 2.0 system underpinned by an evolutionary learning approach, domain-specific sentiment analysis, and business relation mining to operationalize the aforementioned scorecard model for adaptive M&A decision support. With Chinese companies’ cross-border M&As as the business context, our experimental results confirm that the proposed adaptive BI 2.0 system can significantly aid decision makers under different M&A scenarios. The managerial implication of our findings is that firms can apply the proposed BI 2.0 technology to enhance their strategic decision making, particularly when making cross-border investments in targeted markets for which private information may not be readily available. Collapse

Topics: decision making BASIC decision support usability blog

Methods: experiment sentiment analysis computational algorithm machine learning experimental group

Theories: co-evolution theory

Artificial immune systems for the detection of credit card fraud: an architecture, prototype and preliminary results

2012 | Information Systems Journal | Citations: 6

Authors: Wong, Nicholas; Ray, Pradeep; Stephens, Greg; Lewis, Lundy

Abstract: Some biological phenomena offer clues to solving real-life, complex problems. Re ... Expand

Abstract: Some biological phenomena offer clues to solving real-life, complex problems. Researchers have been studying techniques such as neural networks and genetic algorithms for computational intelligence and their applications to such complex problems. The problem of security management is one of the major concerns in the development of eBusiness services and networks. Recent incidents have shown that the perpetrators of cybercrimes are using increasingly sophisticated methods. Hence, it is necessary to investigate non-traditional mechanisms, such as biological techniques, to manage the security of evolving eBusiness networks and services. Towards this end, this paper investigates the use of an Artificial Immune System (AIS). The AIS emulates the mechanism of human immune systems that save human bodies from complex natural biological attacks. The paper discusses the use of AIS on one aspect of security management, viz. the detection of credit card fraud. The solution is illustrated with a case study on the management of frauds in credit card transactions, although this technique may be used in a range of security management applications in eBusiness. Collapse

Topics: credit card fraud database system Java electronic business MySQL

Methods: computational algorithm design artifact design science simulation activity diagram