To What Extent Can Individualisation in Terms of Different Types of Mode Improve Learning Outcomes and Learner Satisfaction? A Pre-study (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Gonnermann, J.; Brandenburger, B.; Vladova, G.; Gronau, N.

Abstract: With the latest technological developments and associated new possibilities in ... Expand

Abstract: With the latest technological developments and associated new possibilities in teaching, the personalisation of learning is gaining more and more importance. It assumes that individual learning experiences and results could generally be improved when personal learning preferences are considered. To do justice to the complexity of the personalisation possibilities of teaching and learning processes, we illustrate the components of learning and teaching in the digital environment and their interdependencies in an initial model. Furthermore, in a pre-study, we investigate the relationships between the learner's ability to (digital) self-organise, the learner's priorknowledge learning in different variants of mode and learning outcomes as one part of this model. With this pre-study, we are taking the first step towards a holistic model of teaching and learning in digital environments. Collapse

Topics: online learning system enterprise information system business process management podcast internet technology

Methods: experiment survey experimental design business process modeling regression analysis method

Managing Uncertainty: An Experiment on Delegation and Team Selection

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Hamman, John R.; Martínez-Carrasco, Miguel A.

Abstract: We study how organizations use team selection and delegation of authority jointl ... Expand

Abstract: We study how organizations use team selection and delegation of authority jointly to navigate uncertain environments. To do so, we model a managerial decision environment in which a manager both determines the skill heterogeneity of the workers and determines whether to retain or delegate the ability to allocate tasks. Delegation enables better-informed workers to allocate tasks more efficiently when uncertainty is high relative to the incentive conflict between manager and worker. Our novel approach allows us to illustrate that this conflict is endogenously determined by the team selection decision. Experimental data support—although not globally—the direction of our theoretical hypotheses and offer insight into how and why choices deviate from expected behavior. Notably, we identify behavioral characteristics that aid decisions along each dimension. Deliberative thinking improves all decisions under low uncertainty and improves team selection regardless of the level of uncertainty. Risk tolerance improves all decisions in highly uncertain situations and helps managers optimally delegate decision rights in all settings. The results highlight potentially costly ways in which managers seek to simplify their decisions but show how deliberative thinking and risk tolerance can improve performance in a complementary manner.History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.Funding: The authors thank Florida State University and the Barcelona Graduate School of Economics for financial support.Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1545. Collapse

Topics: organization structure environmental uncertainty data quality decision making task interdependence

Methods: experiment regression analysis method logistic regression descriptive statistic parametric test

Theories: organizational theory transaction cost economics agency theory theory of bounded rationality

Learning in Temporary Teams: The Varying Effects of Partner Exposure by Team Member Role

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Kim, Song-Hee; Song, Hummy; Valentine, Melissa A.

Abstract: In many workplaces, temporary teams convene to coordinate complex work, despite ... Expand

Abstract: In many workplaces, temporary teams convene to coordinate complex work, despite team members having not worked together before. Most related research has found consistent performance benefits when members of temporary teams work together multiple times (team familiarity). Recent work in this area broke new conceptual ground by instead exploring the learning and performance benefits that team members gain by being exposed to many new partners (partner exposure). In contrast to that new work that examined partner exposure between team members who are peers, in this paper, we extend this research by developing and testing theory about the performance effects of partner exposure for team members whose roles are differentiated by authority and skill. We use visit-level data from a hospital emergency department and leverage the ad hoc assignment of attendings, nurses, and residents to teams and the round-robin assignment of patients to these teams as our identification strategy. We find a negative performance effect of both nurses’ and resident trainees’ partner exposure to more attendings and of attendings’ and nurses’ exposure to more residents. In contrast, both attendings and residents experience a positive impact on performance from working with more nurses. The respective effects of residents working with more attendings and with more nurses is attenuated on patient cases with more structured workflows. Our results suggest that interactions with team members in decision-executing roles, as opposed to decision-initiating roles, is an important but often unrecognized part of disciplinary training and team learning. Funding: This work was supported by the New Faculty Startup Fund from Seoul National University; Harvard Business School; Stanford Center for Work, Technology, and Organization; and Stanford Center for Designing Organizational Change. Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1585. Collapse

Topics: team productivity individual productivity electronic health record missing data task structure

Methods: Poisson regression qualitative interview statistical hypothesis test archival research experiment

Can Racial Diversity Attenuate Racial Discrimination in Service Interactions? Evidence from Cite-and-Release Decisions within Police Departments

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Meuris, Jirs

Abstract: Despite the belief that racial diversity in organizations will attenuate racial ... Expand

Abstract: Despite the belief that racial diversity in organizations will attenuate racial discrimination in service interactions, the extant literature suggests that it may often exacerbate discrimination by generating intergroup conflict. In this paper, I propose that the influence of racial diversity on racial discrimination in service interactions will depend upon (a) the level of interdependence within an organization and (b) whether an increase in diversity consists of a larger representation of a minority’s own racial group. To test my predictions, I combine interaction-level data covering approximately 200,000 cite-and-release decisions where suspects are either given a summons to attend court at a later date or transported to jail following arrest with longitudinal organization-level data from 93 police departments across the United States. Consistent with prior research, I found that minority suspects were less likely to be cited and released for the same offense relative to White suspects. Racial diversity among sworn officers in a police department exacerbated discrimination in cite-and-release decisions unless officers’ work roles were highly interdependent due to the adoption of community-oriented policing. Focusing on Black and Hispanic suspects, I observed this pattern regardless of whether an increase in racial diversity in the department was characterized by a larger representation of a minority suspect’s own racial group or other minority racial groups. Taken together, the findings suggest that diverse organizations can mitigate the emergence of intergroup conflict that exacerbates racial discrimination in service interactions by fostering interdependencies. Supplemental Material: Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1571. Collapse

Topics: task structure accounting

Methods: descriptive statistic survey longitudinal research company material statistical hypothesis test

Blockchain as a driving force for federalism: A theory of cross-organizational task-technology fit

2023 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Roth, Tamara; Stohr, Alexander; Amend, Julia; Fridgen, Gilbert; Rieger, Alexander

Abstract: Digital technologies play an important role for the delivery of many public serv ... Expand

Abstract: Digital technologies play an important role for the delivery of many public services. However, selecting and adopting the ‘right’ digital technologies is often challenging, especially for federally structured governments. Universal factors for successful adoption are hard to establish, and the particularities of federalism, such as the separation of competencies, complicate technology selection. Nevertheless, blockchain technology seems to flourish in these environments. Through a single-case study on the blockchain project of Germany’s Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, we unpack one essential factor for this success: the fit between (cross-) organizational task structure and technological properties. This fit earns the Federal Office’s project considerable credit and traction with stakeholders and partner authorities – not least because it supports the argument that the digitalization of federal systems is possible without ‘digital centralization’ and redistribution of competencies. Our task-technology fit analysis contributes to a better understanding of the adoption of blockchain in the public sector. It also provides the foundation for an extended task-technology fit theory for federally structured, crossorganizational contexts. Collapse

Topics: blockchain government system task structure user requirement IT supported collaboration

Methods: qualitative interview case study single case study literature study triangulation

Theories: theory of task technology fit

Towards Effective Human-AI Decision-Making: The Role of Human Learning in Appropriate Reliance on AI Advice

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Schemmer, Max; Bartos, Andrea; Spitzer, Philipp; Hemmer, Patrick; Kühl, Niklas; Liebschner, Jonas; Satzger, Gerhard

Abstract: The true potential of human-AI collaboration lies in exploiting the complementa ... Expand

Abstract: The true potential of human-AI collaboration lies in exploiting the complementary capabilities of humans and AI to achieve a joint performance superior to that of the individual AI or human, i.e., to achieve complementary team performance (CTP). To realize this complementarity potential, humans need to exercise discretion in following AI's advice, i.e., appropriately relying on the AI's advice. While previous work has focused on building a mental model of the AI to assess AI recommendations, recent research has shown that the mental model alone cannot explain appropriate reliance. We hypothesize that, in addition to the mental model, human learning is a key mediator of appropriate reliance and, thus, CTP. In this study, we demonstrate the relationship between learning and appropriate reliance in an experiment with 100 participants. This work provides fundamental concepts for analyzing reliance and derives implications for the effective design of human-AI decision-making. Collapse

Topics: artificial intelligence decision making explainable artificial intelligence missing data organization learning

Methods: experiment structural equation modeling parametric test Student's t-test descriptive statistic

Individual Versus Group Negotiation in Multiparty Systems: The Effect of Power and Goal Difficulty on Negotiation Outcomes in a Potential Gain Task

2023 | Group Decision and Negotiation | Citations: 0

Authors: Trif, Sabina Ramona; Curșeu, Petru Lucian; Fodor, Oana Cătălina

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to test the extent to which groups manage to at ... Expand

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to test the extent to which groups manage to attain synergy (both strong and weak) in the context of multiparty systems. We also aimed to test the effects of power (budget size), and goal difficulty, alongside their interaction effect. We have used a behavioral multiparty simulation in which Romanian participants first negotiated individually and then, in the second stage, they were organized into groups and asked to engage in intergroup negotiations. Results showed that, in general, best negotiators outperform groups, yet groups obtain higher negotiation payoffs than the average payoff obtained by their members in the first negotiation stage, but only for dyads. Moreover, powerful stakeholders and those that have high goals end up with the highest payoff. Last, our results show that power accentuates the positive relationship between goal difficulty and payoffs. The results have important implications for delegating representatives to multiparty negotiations and for the management of power asymmetry in multiparty systems. Collapse

Topics: negotiation support system individual characteristic information exchange task structure

Methods: simulation longitudinal research analysis of covariance within subject experiment multivariate analysis of variance

Theories: goal setting theory motivation theory

How the Application of Machine Learning Systems Changes Business Processes: A Multiple Case Study

2022 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Kunz, Pascal; Jussupow, Ekaterina; Spohrer, Kai; Heinzl, Armin

Abstract: ... Expand

Abstract: Collapse

Topics: business process management task characteristic IS value task structure IS impact

Methods: qualitative interview archival research qualitative coding group interview design artifact

Show Me the Meaning of Working Lonely: Conceptualising the Interrelation between Individual and Collaborative Work

2022 | European Conference On Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Lansmann, Simon; Strahringer, Lenard; Pullar, Lisa Julia

Abstract: Knowledge workers are increasingly working in multi-team contexts to solve comp ... Expand

Abstract: Knowledge workers are increasingly working in multi-team contexts to solve complex business problems. While collaborative work is an indispensable mode of work in multi-team knowledge work, the complementary mode of individual work, i.e. working uninterrupted in solitude, is often overlooked. We aim to better understand individual work and its role within multi-team contexts. Based on a literature review of the office design and telework debates, we provide a detailed account of individual work. Taking this vantage point and putting the task structure centre stage, we conceptualise the interrelation between individual and collaborative work. Specifically, we develop the work types maturation, execution, and meta work to exemplify the bipartite interrelation by depicting their task-bound interplay and time-bound tension. Thereby, we offer a different perspective on 'cooperative work' and equip practitioners with a vocabulary to discern the role of and articulate the needed amount for individual work. Collapse

Topics: collaborative work task structure knowledge work IT supported collaboration remote work

Methods: literature study literature sample theory development case study narrative analysis

Division of Labor Through Self-Selection

2022 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Raveendran, Marlo; Puranam, Phanish; Warglien, Massimo

Abstract: Self-selection–based division of labor has gained visibility through its role in ... Expand

Abstract: Self-selection–based division of labor has gained visibility through its role in varied organizational contexts such as nonhierarchical firms, agile teams, and project-based organizations. Yet, we know relatively little about the precise conditions under which it can outperform the traditional allocation of work to workers by managers. We develop a computational agent-based model that conceives of division of labor as a matching process between workers’ skills and tasks. This allows us to examine in detail when and why different approaches to division of labor may enjoy a relative advantage. We find a specific confluence of conditions under which self-selection has an advantage over traditional staffing practices arising from matching: when employees are very skilled but at only a narrow range of tasks, the task structure is decomposable, and employee availability is unforeseeable. Absent these conditions, self-selection must rely on the benefits of enhanced motivation or better matching based on worker’s private information about skills, to dominate more traditional allocation processes. These boundary conditions are noteworthy both for those who study as well as for those who wish to implement forms of organizing based on self-selection. Collapse

Topics: task structure organizational productivity task interdependence anonymity task productivity

Methods: computational algorithm agent based simulation descriptive statistic theory development experiment

Theories: lemon market theory