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“Collaborating” with AI: Taking a System View to Explore the Future of Work
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2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0
Authors: Anthony, Callen; Bechky, Beth A.; Fayard, Anne-Laure

Abstract: In the wake of media hype about artificial intelligence (AI)/human collaboration ... Expand

Abstract: In the wake of media hype about artificial intelligence (AI)/human collaboration, organizations are investing considerable resources into developing and using AI. In this paper, we draw on theories of technology in organizations to frame new directions for the study of what it means to work “with” AI. Drawing on prior literature, we consider how interactions between users and AI might unfold through theoretical lenses which cast technology as a tool and as a medium. Reflecting on how AI technologies diverge from technologies studied in the past, we propose a new perspective, which considers technology as a counterpart in a system of work that includes its design, implementation, and use. This perspective encourages developing a grounded understanding of how AI intersects with work, and therefore ethnography, building on thick descriptions, is an apt approach. We argue that relational ethnographic approaches can assist organization theorists in navigating the methodological challenges of taking a counterpart perspective and propose several strategies for future research. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of distributed cognition

Topics: artificial intelligence spreadsheet human AI collaboration human computer interaction information system use

Methods: ethnography computational algorithm qualitative interview experiment theory development

Theories: theory of distributed cognition actor network theory
Pair Analytics in a Visual Analytics Context

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0
Authors: Fisher, B.; Kasik, D.

Abstract: This case study details the development of "pair analytics" as practical approa ... Expand

Abstract: This case study details the development of "pair analytics" as practical approach to applied analysis and as a scientific research method. The hybrid research project itself was part of a larger research program approved for the Canadian government for their offset program and supported by Federal and Provincial research internships. As a real-world analysis approach, the pair analysis sessions conduced actionable causal chain analysis of aircraft safety. As a scientific method, pair analytics advanced our knowledge of the cognitive science of interpersonal communication in Joint Activities. The paper describes how aerospace researchers and cognitive scientists were able to design a research approach that met constraints from both areas. It concludes with discussion of the implications of this work for highly integrated basic and responsive research in other areas of visualization and analytics. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of distributed cognition

Topics: visual analytics crowdsourcing

Methods: exploratory data analysis ethnography case study laboratory experiment grounded theory

Theories: activity theory theory of distributed cognition
Teaming Models with Intelligent Systems at the Workplace

2022 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0
Authors: Beringer, Joerg; Coursaris, Constantinos K; Léger, Pierre-Majorique; Karran, Alexander J; Oz, Burak

Abstract: To study how organizational users team up with intelligent systems to make busin ... Expand

Abstract: To study how organizational users team up with intelligent systems to make business decisions, we interviewed different users of supply chain planning tools on how they incorporate the intelligent system into their daily planning process. In an autonomous mode, an intelligent agent will perform all planning steps without any intervention by a user. In a distributed mode, both the user and the intelligent agent either handle or contribute in a subset of the steps. Using an extended version of the Endsley's Situational Awareness Model as a theoretical framework, we modeled planning activities as a sequence of cognitive task types: detect, comprehend, predict, decide, and execute. We observed different teaming models depending on which cognitive task type a user delegated to the intelligent agent. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of distributed cognition

Topics: decision making situational awareness autonomous driving system supply chain management

Methods: qualitative interview group interview

Theories: theory of distributed cognition
Data science in organizations: Conceptualizing its breakthroughs and blind spots
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2021 | Journal of Information Technology | Citations: 4
Authors: Cybulski, Jacob L; Scheepers, Rens

Abstract: The field of data science emerged in recent years, building on advances in compu ... Expand

Abstract: The field of data science emerged in recent years, building on advances in computational statistics, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and big data. Modern organizations are immersed in data and are turning toward data science to address a variety of business problems. While numerous complex problems in science have become solvable through data science, not all scientific solutions are equally applicable to business. Many data-intensive business problems are situated in complex socio-political and behavioral contexts that still elude commonly used scientific methods. To what extent can such problems be addressed through data science? Does data science have any inherent blind spots in this regard? What types of business problems are likely to be addressed by data science in the near future, which will not, and why? We develop a conceptual framework to inform the application of data science in business. The framework draws on an extensive review of data science literature across four domains: data, method, interfaces, and cognition. We draw on Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety as theoretical principle. We conclude that data-scientific advances across the four domains, in aggregate, could constitute requisite variety for particular types of business problems. This explains why such problems can be fully or only partially addressed, solved, or automated through data science. We distinguish between situations that can be improved due to cross-domain compensatory effects, and problems where data science, at best, only contributes merely to better understanding of complex phenomena. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of distributed cognition

Topics: organizational context decision making problem solving artificial intelligence big data

Methods: qualitative content analysis literature study natural language processing literature sample algorithmic analysis

Theories: theory of distributed cognition actor network theory
A Social Capital Perspective on Computer-Mediated Group Communication and Performance: An Empirical Study
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2020 | Group Decision and Negotiation | Citations: 0
Authors: Raghupathi, Viju; Benbunan-Fich, Raquel

Abstract: In light of the pervasiveness of collaborative decision making and technology in ... Expand

Abstract: In light of the pervasiveness of collaborative decision making and technology in organizations, this research examines computer mediated collaboration using the lens of social capital. We draw from the Distributed Cognition Theory and others for our socio-technical investigation that incorporates the technical component as the artifact of electronic memory (group memory), and the social component as the history of interactions between members (group history). We study these under the mediating influence of the relational social capital dimensions of relational closeness and relational trust. Our study shows how social capital adds an important flavor to collaborative performance. We highlight how the traditional premise of memory being an unequivocal enhancer of group performance gets altered if one fails to consider the influence of relational social capital in the equation. We propose to practitioners that collaborative technology that offers memory cannot be viewed independently, but as a vehicle that impacts performance through the dynamics of social capital of the group. Most importantly, our research reinforces the need for a novel perspective to collaborative development. With the diaspora of technological advancement, there needs to be a transition in perceiving collaborative development as a concurrent, rather than a sequential, process of discussion and development of group activity. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of distributed cognition

Topics: social capital team productivity Google+ computer supported cooperative work IT supported collaboration

Methods: experiment experimental task parametric test data transformation ANOVA

Theories: theory of distributed cognition media synchronicity theory social capital theory theory of shared mental models
Implementation of Automation as Distributed Cognition in Knowledge Work Organizations: Six Recommendations for Managers

2019 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 1
Authors: Asatiani, Aleksandre; Rinta-Kahila, Tapani; Penttinen, Esko; Salovaara, Antti

Abstract: Knowledge work organizations are increasingly leveraging automation to enhance a ... Expand

Abstract: Knowledge work organizations are increasingly leveraging automation to enhance and transform their business processes. Many types of automation tools are being deployed in a large variety of information processing tasks, requiring effective management of human–automation co-operation. Yet, conceptual understanding of human–automation hybrid work remains thin and current literature lacks practical recommendations for managers. To address this gap, we synthesize findings from our three earlier case studies with organizations pursuing a wide array of automation tools and examine them through the lens of distributed cognition. We demonstrate how distributed cognition informs about the organizing for human–automation interaction when deploying automation. Our contribution lies in the presentation of six recommendations on three issues: human–automation task allocation, mitigation of the risk of deskilling, and management of collective knowledge across human and automation. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of distributed cognition

Topics: knowledge work process automation system malware protection malware knowledge management

Methods: case study qualitative interview personal interview theory development participant observation

Theories: theory of distributed cognition
Informed collaboration in health care: An embedded-cases study in geriatric telepsychiatry
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2019 | Information Systems Journal | Citations: 0
Authors: Hansen, Sean W.; Gogan, Janis L.; Baxter, Ryan J.; Garfield, Monica J.

Abstract: Telemedicine, the delivery of medical consultation and services, is enabled by i ... Expand

Abstract: Telemedicine, the delivery of medical consultation and services, is enabled by information and communications technologies. Participants in telemedicine consultation services (ie, clinicians, patients, and other parties) use video conferencing, special‐purpose software and/or hardware, and data and notes from electronic medical records and other systems to formulate effective treatment plans. Telemedicine is a particular mode of informed collaboration—information and communications technology–supported collaborative activity in which collaborators rely (wholly or in part) on digitally stored information retrieved from various sources to pursue their collective objectives. We report on an embedded‐cases study of a long‐running geriatric telepsychiatry clinic in the north‐eastern United States. Our analysis draws on the theory of distributed cognition (DCog) to explicate the ways in which information and cognitive effort are distributed across individuals and artefacts to support psychiatric consultation from a distance and how these processes play out over time in routines. On the basis of this case study, we offer a refinement of DCog theory, focusing on four interrelated dynamic processes that, we propose, act as critical enablers of informed collaboration: cognitive offloading, visibility of action, intersubjective understanding, and knowledge redundancy. We discuss practical implications for designing telemedicine services and tools, and we offer suggestions for further research on informed collaboration. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of distributed cognition

Topics: electronic health web page laptop computer system support smart device

Methods: case study qualitative interview qualitative coding theory development design artifact

Theories: theory of distributed cognition socio technical theory
Feature Repurposing and Cognitive Efficiency in Financial Trading Systems

2019 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Slaughter, Kelly

Abstract: Many IS research domains such as cognitive fit and information overload assume t ... Expand

Abstract: Many IS research domains such as cognitive fit and information overload assume that the user selects from a fixed menu of IS features to accomplish goals. IS pliability researchers offer a new perspective by recognizing the users’ discretion in altering or creating new features. While this IS pliability research has important implications, it is currently descriptive rather than explanatory. To explore IS pliability in the form of causal propositions, we examine data from a Fortune 1000 brokerage firm where some traders created what the IS developers considered superfluous “extra” accounts. Levering insights from the referent theory of cognitive niche construction, we propose that these multiple accounts align the representation of information presented with the users’ conceptual trading strategies. This alignment in turn facilitates trading research through the reduction of task switching and the learning benefits supported by category labels. The empirical analysis is consistent with these propositions. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of distributed cognition

Topics: accounting problem solving

Methods: hierarchical linear modeling autocorrelation analysis longitudinal research experimental group descriptive statistic

Theories: theory of distributed cognition cognitive fit theory
Using Activity Theory Successfully in Healthcare: A Systematic Review of the Theory’s Key Challenges to Date

2019 | HICSS | Citations: 0
Authors: Wiser, Fabian; Durst, Carolin; Wickramasinghe, Nilmini

Abstract: Collaborative tools in organizations become more and more apparent. These tools ... Expand

Abstract: Collaborative tools in organizations become more and more apparent. These tools are being realized by novel information technology. Particularly, healthcare is a fast-evolving industry in terms of information system innovation. As the evolution is fast, and new systems are always error-prone due to socio-technical complexity, new analysis tools and methods for quality assurance must be adapted. In earlier research, we proposed Activity Theory as a fitting analysis tool due to the reason that it has advantages over other HCI theories, such as Actor-Network Theory or Distributed Cognition. However, several limitations became apparent during our studies. In the present work, we are conducting a systematic literature review of activity theoretical limitations and challenges to provide design guidelines for an improved version of Activity Theory. These implications can help to develop more advanced Activity Theory concepts and contributions; which in turn can improve the analysis results of socio-technical systems in healthcare. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of distributed cognition

Topics: human computer interaction usability systems design database system search engine

Methods: structured literature research design science literature study triangulation design guideline

Theories: activity theory socio technical theory actor network theory theory of distributed cognition human-computer interaction theory
When decision support systems fail: Insights for strategic information systems from Formula 1
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2018 | Journal of Strategic Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Aversa, Paolo; Cabantous, Laure; Haefliger, Stefan

Abstract: Decision support systems (DSS) are sophisticated tools that increasingly take ad ... Expand

Abstract: Decision support systems (DSS) are sophisticated tools that increasingly take advantage of big data and are used to design and implement individual- and organization-level strategic decisions. Yet, when organizations excessively rely on their potential the outcome may be decision-making failure, particularly when such tools are applied under high pressure and turbulent conditions. Partial understanding and unidimensional interpretation can prevent learning from failure. Building on a practice perspective, we study an iconic case of strategic failure in Formula 1 racing. Our approach, which integrates the decision maker as well as the organizational and material context, identifies three interrelated sources of strategic failure that are worth investigation for decision-makers using DSS and big data: (1) the situated nature and affordances of decision-making; (2) the distributed nature of cognition in decision-making; and (3) the performativity of the DSS. We outline specific research questions and their implications for firm performance and competitive advantage. Finally, we advance an agenda that can help close timely gaps in strategic IS research. Collapse

Semantic filters: theory of distributed cognition

Topics: decision making decision support system big data affordance usability

Methods: qualitative interview design science grounded theory archival research personal interview

Theories: theory of distributed cognition theory of affordance

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Found 57 articles

“Collaborating” with AI: Taking a System View to Explore the Future of Work

Pair Analytics in a Visual Analytics Context

Teaming Models with Intelligent Systems at the Workplace

Data science in organizations: Conceptualizing its breakthroughs and blind spots

A Social Capital Perspective on Computer-Mediated Group Communication and Performance: An Empirical Study

Implementation of Automation as Distributed Cognition in Knowledge Work Organizations: Six Recommendations for Managers

Informed collaboration in health care: An embedded-cases study in geriatric telepsychiatry

Feature Repurposing and Cognitive Efficiency in Financial Trading Systems

Using Activity Theory Successfully in Healthcare: A Systematic Review of the Theory’s Key Challenges to Date

When decision support systems fail: Insights for strategic information systems from Formula 1