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Effect of Crowd Voting on Participation in Crowdsourcing Contests
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2020 | Journal of Management Information Systems | Citations: 21
Authors: Chen, Liang; Xu, Pei; Liu, De

Abstract: While expert rating is still a dominant approach for selecting winners in contes ... Expand

Abstract: While expert rating is still a dominant approach for selecting winners in contests for creative works, a few crowdsourcing platforms have recently used “crowd voting” for winner selection – that is, let users of the crowdsourcing community publicly vote for contest winners. We investigate how a contest’s reliance on crowd voting for winner selection, defined as the percentage of crowd-voted prizes to the total prize sum (in dollar amounts), affects contest participation. Drawing upon expectancy theory and tournament theory, we develop a theoretical understanding of this relationship. Using a novel dataset of contests employing both crowd voting and expert rating, we find that a contest’s reliance on crowd voting is positively associated with participation. Specifically, every 10% increase in the crowd-voting reliance can boost users’ odds of participation by about 7%. Moreover, crowd voting is more appealing to users whose expertise is not high and whose status in the crowdsourcing community is high. Collapse

Semantic filters: tournament theory

Topics: crowdsourcing evaluation criteria social capital missing data marketing management

Methods: statistical hypothesis test descriptive statistic robustness check experiment theory development

Theories: tournament theory expectancy theory of motivation game theory
Board Predictive Accuracy in Executive Selection Decisions: How Do Initial Board Perceptions of CEO Quality Correspond with Subsequent CEO Career Performance?
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2020 | Organization Science | Citations: 0
Authors: Quigley, Timothy J.; Wowak, Adam J.; Crossland, Craig

Abstract: Research examining board efficacy often focuses on oversight and monitoring, par ... Expand

Abstract: Research examining board efficacy often focuses on oversight and monitoring, particularly as evidenced by the sensitivity of chief executive officer (CEO) compensation to prior firm performance. In this study, we adopt an alternative perspective on CEO compensation—specifically over/underpayment, or the extent to which a CEO’s initial compensation is above or below prevailing market norms—that allows us to assess a board’s efficacy via the accuracy of its initial CEO selection and compensation decisions. We build on and extend human capital theory to argue that boards make initial CEO compensation decisions based a range of manifestations of CEO human capital (that are both observable and unobservable to outsiders) and that initial over/underpayment represents an implicit assessment of underlying CEO quality. Using a sample of 766 CEOs, we relate initial over/underpayment to subsequent CEO career performance. Our results show that this core relationship is positively significant and economically meaningful. Thus, U.S. public company boards, as a group, do tend to be making broadly accurate initial predictions regarding the underlying capabilities of new CEO hires. This relationship is amplified in situations where board assessments of CEO human capital are more unequivocal (greater current versus prospective compensation) and when CEO human capital can be expressed most comprehensively (high managerial discretion). In supplemental analyses we show that these relationships fundamentally changed following the implementation of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act, suggesting that boards may be performing this important aspect of their governance role more effectively in recent times. We also find that our results are not symmetric—rather, they are strongest in situations where initial compensation is midrange or lower; high levels of initial overpayment are not associated with commensurate levels of career performance. Finally, we consider and account for a range of alternative explanations for our central finding. Collapse

Semantic filters: tournament theory

Topics: IT career human resource management Sarbanes–Oxley Act organizational productivity database system

Methods: machine learning descriptive statistic statistical hypothesis test generalized least square regression analysis method

Theories: human capital theory tournament theory
Salience Bias in Crowdsourcing Contests
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2018 | Information Systems Research | Citations: 42
Authors: Lee, Ho Cheung Brian; Ba, Sulin; Li, Xinxin; Stallaert, Jan

Abstract: Crowdsourcing relies on online platforms to connect a community of users to perf ... Expand

Abstract: Crowdsourcing relies on online platforms to connect a community of users to perform specific tasks. However, without appropriate control, the behavior of the online community might not align with the platform’s designed objective, which can lead to an inferior platform performance. This paper investigates how the feedback information on a crowdsourcing platform and systematic bias of crowdsourcing workers can affect crowdsourcing outcomes. Specifically, using archival data from the online crowdsourcing platform Kaggle, combined with survey data from actual Kaggle contest participants, we examine the role of a systematic bias, namely, the salience bias, in influencing the performance of the crowdsourcing workers and how the number of crowdsourcing workers moderates the impact of the salience bias on the outcomes of contests. Our results suggest that the salience bias influences the performance of contestants, including the winners of the contests. Furthermore, the number of participating contestants may attenuate or amplify the impact of the salience bias on the outcomes of contests, depending on the effort required to complete the tasks. Our results have critical implications for crowdsourcing firms and platform designers.The online appendix is available at https://doi-org.tudelft.idm.oclc.org/10.1287/isre.2018.0775. Collapse

Semantic filters: tournament theory

Topics: crowdsourcing digital platform productivity individual characteristic anonymity

Methods: survey machine learning archival research nonparametric test regression analysis method

Theories: tournament theory behavioral economics
An Empirical Study of Task Entry Decisions on Open Innovation Contests

2017 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0
Authors: Mo, Jiahui; Zhang, Nila

Abstract: Open innovation has become widely adopted as an innovation search mechanism for ... Expand

Abstract: Open innovation has become widely adopted as an innovation search mechanism for firms seeking to save costs and create innovation variety. Members (solvers) face different uncertainty when making decisions regarding whether or not to enter a task, such as task competition intensity, firm (seeker) taste in solutions, and firms’ (seekers’) requirement standards. This study examines how problem solvers leverage available information to mitigate uncertainty and then make task entry decisions. Through an empirical study, we find that all the information has impact on task entering decisions. While the number of solvers in a task would influence task entry decisions positively, the effects from other information sources vary at different task stages. This research makes contributions to both open innovation literature and signaling theory. Collapse

Semantic filters: tournament theory

Topics: open innovation task characteristic electronic market decision making

Methods: natural language processing sentiment analysis

Theories: tournament theory signaling theory
Organization Design, Proximity, and Productivity Responses to Upward Social Comparison
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2017 | Organization Science | Citations: 10
Authors: Obloj, Tomasz; Zenger, Todd

Abstract: We investigate the mechanisms that shape social comparison in organizations and ... Expand

Abstract: We investigate the mechanisms that shape social comparison in organizations and generate social comparison costs. In particular, we focus on heterogeneity in the strength and type of incentives and argue that, from an efficient design perspective, such variance in rewards is a double-edged sword. While the sorting and incentive effects that result may increase productivity, the social comparison processes that arise may dampen it. We posit that the mechanisms underlying these behavioral costs are shaped not only by the magnitude of reward variance, but by the formal and informal design elements shaping the distance of advantaged peers. In other words, the more proximate socially, structurally, or geographically are those to whom one socially compares, the larger the behavioral response. Empirically, we use an unanticipated event during which outlets of a bank, previously operating under essentially homogenous incentives, were assigned to tournament groups with differing ex ante probabilities of winning a prize—an event that increases variance in awards and hence generates an impetus for social comparison. We find that units with more socially, geographically, and structurally proximate peers assigned to ”advantaged” tournament groups decreased their productivity. We discuss implications of these results for organizational design and boundaries. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2016.1103. Collapse

Semantic filters: tournament theory

Topics: productivity accounting marketing management social network price management

Methods: robustness check longitudinal research time series analysis qualitative interview survey design

Theories: social comparison theory transaction cost economics tournament theory
Designing Promotion Ladders to Mitigate Turnover of IT Professionals
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2016 | Information Systems Research | Citations: 3
Authors: MacCrory, Frank; Choudhary, Vidyanand; Pinsonneault, Alain

Abstract: Chronic excessive turnover among information technology (IT) professionals has b ... Expand

Abstract: Chronic excessive turnover among information technology (IT) professionals has been costly to firms for decades with annual turnover rates as high as 24% even among Computerworld’s “100 Best Places to Work in IT.” Prior information systems literature has identified two key factors affecting turnover: boundary-spanning roles and low promotability in one’s current firm. We draw on tournament theory, which is primarily concerned with inducing effort in employees, to decompose promotability into two distinct constructs: the likelihood of promotion and benefit from promotion, and demonstrate that each has a distinct role in affecting turnover rates. Our key result is that a job ladder motivating IT professionals with large, infrequent promotions will lead to higher turnover than a job ladder with smaller, more frequent promotions. We describe the conditions under which rearranging the job ladder creates economic value for the firm. We also offer an explanation for the observation that jobs characterized by boundary-spanning activities have higher turnover, and show that such jobs are more sensitive to the effect of likelihood of promotion on turnover. We test our hypotheses on a detailed data set covering 5,704 IT professionals over a five-year period. We confirm that likelihood of promotion has the predicted effects on turnover of IT professionals. A one standard deviation increase in likelihood of promotion decreases turnover by over 99%, consistent with our prediction. The empirical analysis also confirms the predicted effects of boundary spanning activities. Collapse

Semantic filters: tournament theory

Topics: boundary spanning IT workforce customer service IT job IT career

Methods: statistical hypothesis test descriptive statistic ordinary least square longitudinal research archival research

Theories: tournament theory lemon market theory
Exploring the Effects of Contest Mechanisms on Idea Shortlisting in an Open Idea Competition

2016 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 6
Authors: Merz, Alexander Benedikt; Seeber, Isabella; Maier, Ronald; Richter, Alexander; Schimpf, Robert; Fã, Johann

Abstract: Picking the most promising from a multitude of crowd-generated ideas challenges ... Expand

Abstract: Picking the most promising from a multitude of crowd-generated ideas challenges organizations that employ open idea competitions. Hence, hosts of such contests often filter submitted ideas into shortlists to help juries selecting the winning ideas. While contest communities and rewards have been conceptually associated with advancing idea development, the effect of IT-enabled contest mechanisms on idea shortlisting lacks empirical assessment. We draw on data from an online idea competition to improve our understanding of determinants for idea shortlisting. We conceptualize and operationalize three contest mechanisms: idea development, community appreciation, and early host appreciation. We find that these contest mechanisms are associated with the likelihood of an idea being shortlisted. Our findings help to better understand what determines idea shortlisting and may also lay the foundation for designing IT-enabled contest mechanisms so that they allow the efficient identification of promising ideas out of large idea sets. Collapse

Semantic filters: tournament theory

Topics: idea generation open innovation mobile application virtual reality innovation management

Methods: data transformation exploratory factor analysis logistic regression statistical hypothesis test literature study

Theories: tournament theory cognitive load theory feedback intervention theory
Digital Games and Beyond: What Happens When Players Compete

2013 | Management Information Systems Quarterly | Citations: 0
Authors: De Liu; Xun Li; Santhanam, Radhika

Abstract: Because digital games are fun, engaging, and popular, organizations are attempti ... Expand

Abstract: Because digital games are fun, engaging, and popular, organizations are attempting to integrate them within organizational activities as serious components, with the anticipation that they can improve employees' motivation and performance. But in order to do so and to obtain the intended outcomes, it is necessary to first obtain an understanding of how different digital game designs impact players' behaviors and emotional responses. Hence, in this study, we address one key element of popular game designs: competition. Using extant research on tournaments and intrinsic motivation, we model competitive games as a skill-based tournament and conduct an experimental study to understand player behaviors and emotional responses under different competition conditions. When players compete with players of similar skill levels, they apply more effort as indicated by more games played and longer duration of play. But when players compete with players of lower skill levels, they report higher levels of enjoyment and lower levels of arousal after game-playing. We discuss the implications for organizations seeking to introduce games premised on competition and provide a framework to guide information system researchers to embark on a study of games. Collapse

Semantic filters: tournament theory

Topics: intrinsic motivation video game online game systems design information system use

Methods: experiment survey experimental task factor analysis laboratory experiment

Theories: tournament theory motivation theory flow theory

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Found 8 articles

Effect of Crowd Voting on Participation in Crowdsourcing Contests

Board Predictive Accuracy in Executive Selection Decisions: How Do Initial Board Perceptions of CEO Quality Correspond with Subsequent CEO Career Performance?

Salience Bias in Crowdsourcing Contests

An Empirical Study of Task Entry Decisions on Open Innovation Contests

Organization Design, Proximity, and Productivity Responses to Upward Social Comparison

Designing Promotion Ladders to Mitigate Turnover of IT Professionals

Exploring the Effects of Contest Mechanisms on Idea Shortlisting in an Open Idea Competition

Digital Games and Beyond: What Happens When Players Compete