Natural Language Processing for Medical Texts – A Taxonomy to Inform Integration Decisions into Clinical Practice

2023 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Braun, Marvin; Kolbe, Lutz; Neumann, Caspar

Abstract: Electronic health records (EHR) have significantly amplified the volume of info ... Expand

Abstract: Electronic health records (EHR) have significantly amplified the volume of information accessible in the healthcare sector. Nevertheless, this information load also translates into elevated workloads for clinicians engaged in extracting and generating patient information. Natural Language Process (NLP) aims to overcome this problem by automatically extracting and structuring relevant information from medical texts. While other methods related to artificial intelligence have been implemented successfully in healthcare (e.g., computer vision in radiology), NLP still lacks commercial success in this domain. The lack of a structured overview of NLP systems is exacerbating the problem, especially with the emergence of new technologies like generative pre-trained transformers. Against this background, this paper presents a taxonomy to inform integration decisions of NLP systems into healthcare IT landscapes. We contribute to a better understanding of how NLP systems can be integrated into daily clinical contexts. In total, we reviewed 29 papers and 36 commercial NLP products. Collapse

Topics: health information system artificial intelligence database system healthcare data information technology infrastructure

Methods: natural language processing computational algorithm information extraction literature sample NLP application

Does Technology Matter? How Digital Self-Efficacy Affects the Relationship between ICT Exposure and Job Dissatisfaction

2022 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Busse, Julian; Busse, Robin; Schumann, Matthias

Abstract: Despite multiple potentials of information and communication technologies (ICT), ... Expand

Abstract: Despite multiple potentials of information and communication technologies (ICT), their increasing diffusion at today’s workplaces may lead to psychological issues for employees, unveiling a dark side of ICT use. Our study aims to examine the association between work-related ICT exposure (i.e. ICT use and digital work intensification) and job dissatisfaction. We further look at the role of digital self-efficacy as a moderator of the effect of digital work intensification. Cross-sectional data from a nationally representative study of 1,145 employees were used in multiple regression analysis. Our results show that higher levels of digital work intensification are associated with higher levels of job dissatisfaction. Further, digital self-efficacy buffers the effect of digital work intensification on job dissatisfaction. Thus, our findings imply that fostering employees’ confidence in their abilities in dealing with the challenges of digitalization promotes employees’ job satisfaction and coping with the negative effects of work-related ICT exposure. Collapse

Topics: IT work self efficacy information system use technostress accounting

Methods: regression analysis method cross sectional research likelihood-ratio test survey self reported survey

Acting with Inherently Uncertain Data: Practices of Data-Centric Knowing

2021 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Mikalsen, Marius; Monteiro, Eric

Abstract: Data-driven data science challenges our conceptualization of "data." Significan ... Expand

Abstract: Data-driven data science challenges our conceptualization of "data." Significantly beyond capturing a given phenomenon, data, increasingly, are the phenomenon. Data may be iteratively manipulated algorithmically, undermining the "faithfulness" of data to any originating phenomenon. Crucially, data that are not "faithful" are inherently uncertain, as data risk becoming meaningless symbols. We empirically study how a community of commercially based geoscientists grapples with the phenomenon of offshore oil and gas reservoirs located kilometers below the seabed. The data available about these reservoirs are algorithmically manipulated sensor-based Internet of Things data. Our main contribution is the articulation of three patterns of work practices detailing how inherently uncertain data are woven into consequential work practices: (1) Accumulating is the cumulative process of supporting and triangulating one set of data with supplementary data sets; accumulating captures the conservative approach of backing up existing interpretations of the data.(2) Reframing describes the process where existing interpretations are contested by new data or models; reframing captures that there are limits to how far data can be manipulated. (3) Prospecting, or the cultivation of competing, incompatible data interpretations; while the former two patterns essentially attempt to regulate uncertainty, prospecting is about embracing it. Our concept of datacentric knowing is constituted by these three interwoven, ongoing practices. Collapse

Topics: information system use offshoring word processing organizational change sensemaking

Methods: qualitative interview triangulation case study participant observation design artifact

Theories: theory of bounded rationality

Digital Competencies and IT Skills as Employees’ Resources to Cope with Digitalization Demands

2021 | International Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Merchel, Robin; Iqbal, Taskeen; Süße, Thomas; Knop, Sebastian

Abstract: This empirical paper examines to what extent distinct IT skills (e.g., Microsof ... Expand

Abstract: This empirical paper examines to what extent distinct IT skills (e.g., Microsoft Excel skills) as well as digital competencies (e.g., digital communication) are vital to cope successfully with digitalization demands. Based on the job demands-resources model we hypothesize that digital competencies as well as IT skills lead to lower levels of employees' perceived digitalization overstrain. However, results of regression analysis in our study (n = 171 participants) reveal that broad digital competencies like Creativity, Collaboration, and Communication are more important for coping with the demands of digitalization than specific IT skills. Furthermore, we applied cluster analyses in order to identify four distinct digital competence profiles which we labelled as the Digitally Cautious, the Digital Novices, the Creative Problem-Solvers and the Communicative Collaborators. Companies may explicitly strengthen their employees' digital competencies prior to their software knowledge to cope with general digitalization challenges like higher degrees of ambiguity, uncertainty or dynamic change. Collapse

Topics: IT skill technostress problem solving personality human resource management

Methods: cluster analysis regression analysis method survey statistical power analysis data transformation

Digitally mediated value creation for non-commodity base of the pyramid producers

2021 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Parthiban, Rishikesan; Qureshi, Israr; Bandyopadhyay, Somprakash; Jaikumar, Saravana

Abstract: Base of the Pyramid (BoP) producers have limited opportunities to create and cap ... Expand

Abstract: Base of the Pyramid (BoP) producers have limited opportunities to create and capture value due to various constraints, which keeps them trapped in the vicious cycle of poverty. The emerging literature on the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the poverty alleviation of BoP producers focuses on ICTenabled solutions to value capture. However, ICT-enabled solutions to create value at the BoP have received less attention. In this paper, we study the issues surrounding value creation for non-commodity BoP producers by employing a case study of four organisations in rural India. Our findings reveal two critical mechanisms for ICTenabled value creation in a resource-constrained environment: awareness creation and repeated engagement. We find that ICT-enabled awareness creation has a positive impact on value-added, but this effect decreases as product complexity increases. We also find that ICT-mediated repeated engagement and value-added have an inverted U-shape relationship, with value-added increasing with complexity, but after a threshold, value-added declines with increase in complexity. Building on these findings, we use the lens of value co-creation and media richness perspective to contribute to theory, practice and policy by underscoring how awareness creation and repeated engagement act as key dimensions for value creation. We delineate how limitations in ICT infra­ structure can be overcome in resource-constrained environments and explicate a conceptualisation of ICTmediated joint value creation in general for spatially separated actors. Collapse

Topics: value creation participatory design WhatsApp social media media richness

Methods: design methodology qualitative interview archival research case study personal interview

Theories: media richness theory

Cloud and edge based data analytics for privacy-preserving multi-modal engagement monitoring in the classroom

2021 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 0

Authors: Preuveneers, Davy; Garofalo, Giuseppe; Joosen, Wouter

Abstract: Learning management systems are service platforms that support the administratio ... Expand

Abstract: Learning management systems are service platforms that support the administration and delivery of training programs and educational courses. Prerecorded, real-time or interactive lectures can be offered in blended, flipped or fully online classrooms. A key challenge with such service platforms is the adequate monitoring of engagement, as it is an early indicator for a student’s learning achievements. Indeed, observing the behavior of the audience and keeping the participants engaged is not only a challenge in a face-to-face setting where students and teachers share the same physical learning environment, but definitely when students participate remotely. In this work, we present a hybrid cloud and edge-based service orchestration framework for multi-modal engagement analysis. We implemented and evaluated an edge-based browser solution for the analysis of different behavior modalities with cross-user aggregation through secure multiparty computation. Compared to contemporary online learning systems, the advantages of our hybrid cloud-edge based solution are twofold. It scales up with a growing number of students, and also mitigates privacy concerns in an era where the rise of analytics in online learning raises questions about the responsible use of data. Collapse

Topics: privacy cloud computing online learning system website JavaScript

Methods: deep learning literature study biometric measurement TensorFlow oculometry

Incumbent System Context and Job Outcomes of Effective Enterprise System Use

2020 | Journal of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 3

Authors: Hornyak, Robert; Rai, Arun; Dong, John Qi

Abstract: Enterprise system (ES) implementations frequently fail to deliver job benefits f ... Expand

Abstract: Enterprise system (ES) implementations frequently fail to deliver job benefits for employees, many of whom are dissatisfied with these systems that were implemented to support them in their jobs. The literature is clear that the realization of job benefits depends on how these systems are used, motivating us to focus on the determinants and outcomes of effective ES use. Focusing on employees’ use of systems to support their work processes, we examine how employees’ pre-implementation context—specifically, the use of an incumbent system and the associated work processes—affects their performance expectancy of a new ES and, consequently, their effective use of the ES and the resulting job outcomes. Our results suggest that (1) employees’ perceptions of two facets of information transparency based on incumbent system use, namely information visibility and information credibility, have different impacts on employees’ performance expectancy of a new ES depending on their perceptions of process standardization in the incumbent system context, and that (2) effective ES use mediates the impact of pre-implementation performance expectancy on post-implementation user satisfaction and, consequently, job effectiveness. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms linking the context of using an incumbent system to post-implementation effective ES use and job outcomes, thereby integrating perspectives from technology acceptance and use, IS success, and work design. Collapse

Topics: information system use user satisfaction technology adoption IS success electronic mail

Methods: survey longitudinal research statistical hypothesis test partial least squares regression data transformation

Theories: contingency theory organizational behavior theory

Leveraging ICT to Overcome Complementary Institutional Voids: Insights from Institutional Work by a Social Enterprise to Help Marginalized

2020 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 12

Authors: Parthiban, Rishikesan; Qureshi, Israr; Bandyopadhyay, Somprakash; Bhatt, Babita; Jaikumar, Saravana

Abstract: There is, in general, a dearth of empirical inquiries on how institutional voids ... Expand

Abstract: There is, in general, a dearth of empirical inquiries on how institutional voids are filled through institutional work in marginalized communities. Extant studies have focussed on institutional work that addresses solitary institutional void, mostly in formal settings. In this paper, we inquire the case of a social entrepreneurial venture in India that identified two complementary institutional voids (productive ageing void of the urban elderly and rural education void of children) and attempted to simultaneously address the two voids. The issue of physical distance between the two groups was overcome by enacting an ICT platform. We also show how the institutional challenges associated with the ICT implementation led them to pursue different kinds of institutional works in their context. We then identify different theoretical dimensions of institutional works that could be used in marginalized contexts. Finally, we show how the ‘complementary voids’ approach has implications for both theory and practice. Collapse

Topics: mobile application internet technology information system use entrepreneurship digital innovation

Methods: archival research qualitative interview field study personal interview participant observation

Effect of Release Timing of App Innovations based on Mobile Platform Innovations

2020 | Journal of Management Information Systems | Citations: 12

Authors: Soh, Franck; Grover, Varun

Abstract: This study focuses on app innovations based on mobile platform innovations (MPIs ... Expand

Abstract: This study focuses on app innovations based on mobile platform innovations (MPIs), examining how app developers can time the app innovations release to best leverage MPIs and increase app financial performance. We suggest that the performance is contingent on the adoption curve of mobile platform generations and the level of backward compatibility of the MPIs. We find support for our hypotheses after analyzing 1,213 MPI-based app innovations on the iOS mobile platform ecosystem. The main theoretical contribution of this study, supported empirically, is to better understand the role of the platform generation adoption curve and MPIs’ level of backward compatibility in the assessment of the effect of MPI-based app innovation release timing on complementor’s performance. We encourage third-party developers to create MPI-based app innovations more prominently and release them early during the growth stage of the adoption curve while prioritizing MPIs with no backward compatibility. Collapse

Topics: mobile application innovation management iOS mobile platform Apple Siri

Methods: robustness check experimental group statistical hypothesis test longitudinal research econometric model

Understanding Technology as Situated Practice: Everyday use of Voice User Interfaces Among Diverse Groups of Users in Urban India

2020 | Information Systems Frontiers | Citations: 11

Authors: Kendall, Linus; Chaudhuri, Bidisha; Bhalla, Apoorva

Abstract: As smartphones have become ubiquitous across urban India, voice user interfaces ... Expand

Abstract: As smartphones have become ubiquitous across urban India, voice user interfaces (VUIs) are increasingly becoming part of diverse groups of users’ daily experiences. These technologies are now generally accessible as a result of improvements in mobile Internet access, [-8.5pc]Biography is Required. Please provide. introduction of low-cost smartphones and the ongoing process of their localisation into Indian languages. However, when people engage with technologies in their everyday lives, they not only enact the material attributes of the artifact but also draw on their skills, social positions, prior experience and societal norms and expectations to make use of the artifact. Drawing on Orlikowski’s analytical framework of “technologies-in-practice” we engage in an interview-based exploratory study among diverse groups of users in urban India to understand use of VUIs as situated practice. We identify three technologies-in-practice emerging through enactment of VUIs on users’ smartphones: looking up, learning and leisure. We argue that – instead of asking why and how users appropriate VUIs – identifying different kinds of enactments of VUIs present researchers and practitioners with a more nuanced understanding of existing and potential use of VUIs across varied contexts. Collapse

Topics: smartphone voice user interfaces usability conversational agent Google+

Methods: qualitative interview qualitative coding personal interview group interview ethnography

Theories: theory of affordance