A platform-based approach to ambidexterity for innovation: An empirical investigation in the public sector

2023 | International Journal of Information Management | Citations: 0

Authors: Cao, Lan; West, Barry; Ramesh, Balasubramaniam; Mohan, Kannan; Sarkar, Sumantra

Abstract: Innovation in the public sector plays an important role in improving the quality ... Expand

Abstract: Innovation in the public sector plays an important role in improving the quality of public services and addressing economic and societal challenges. Most of the previous research on innovations has focused on the private sector. How organizations may achieve ambidexterity for innovations in the public sector characterized by unique constraints has been largely underexplored. Platforms have emerged as key components in organizations’ ap­ proaches to innovation. Using an empirical study in a public sector organization, this study identifies a platformbased approach that can be used to achieve ambidexterity in balancing exploitative and exploratory innovations in the public sector. Organizations facing constraints pertaining to structure, risk, and value may benefit from considering their product/service development, process management, and value formulation through this approach. This study also identifies practices in platform development, appropriation, and control that contributed to the success of the platform-based approach. Collapse

Topics: innovation management organization structure business process innovation organizational culture new product development

Methods: qualitative interview case study triangulation personal interview literature study

Theories: ambidexterity theory

When Does the Pre-entry Experience of New Entrants Improve Their Performance? A Meta-Analytical Investigation of Critical Moderators

2023 | Organization Science | Citations: 0

Authors: Cao, Zhi; Posen, Hart E.

Abstract: Although pre-entry experience is widely regarded as a critical asset that positi ... Expand

Abstract: Although pre-entry experience is widely regarded as a critical asset that positively influences new entrant performance, empirical support is mixed. To address this inconsistency, we conduct a meta-analysis of the empirical findings in 272 papers. We draw theoretically on the organizational learning literature to argue that the pre-entry experience–new entrant performance relationship is contingent on the characteristics of pre-entry experience, the environmental context of the new entrant, and the interaction between the two. In particular, we examine the effects of two levels of pre-entry experience (firm and founder), four types of founder-level pre-entry experience (entrepreneurial, managerial, industry, and functional experience), and two types of environments (industry and institutional). The meta-analysis results show a significant and positive correlation between founder-level pre-entry experience and economic performance of 0.07. Likewise, the failure rates of spinouts and diversifying entrants are 11% lower than that of start-ups. The moderating analysis results show that the correlation of founder-level pre-entry experience and economic performance is lower in knowledge- or technology-intensive (KTI) industries and higher in low-KTI manufacturing and service industries. The correlation is also higher in institutional environments with high power distance and individualism. These findings provide compelling new evidence for the importance of pre-entry experience and advance our understanding of the boundary conditions on the pre-entry experience–new entrant performance relationship. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1589. Collapse

Topics: national culture organization learning entrepreneurship productivity research and development

Methods: descriptive statistic hazard function meta analysis literature sample chi squared test

The Motivation of Companies to Implement Corporate Digital Responsibility Activities Voluntarily: An Empirical Assessment

2023 | International Conference on Business Informatics | Citations: 0

Authors: Carl, K. Valerie; Kubach, Michael; Mihale-Wilson, Cristina

Abstract: Technological advancements such as Artificial Intelligence afford new opportuni ... Expand

Abstract: Technological advancements such as Artificial Intelligence afford new opportunities and pose new challenges. In this context, Corporate Digital Responsibility (CDR) has gained increasing attention. CDR presents a comprehensive and well-structured approach to companies' responsibilities in the digital setting. While the threats of digitalization start to materialize, research on CDR is still in its infancy, with little empirical understanding of whether and why companies engage in CDR practices. This qualitative study addresses the motivation of companies to pursue CDR by conducting 29 expert interviews. In practice, firms implement CDR activities to follow their inner motivation or to satisfy external expectations. Our results indicate that motivation differs primarily according to the company size and the addressees of efforts. Motivational sources for conducting CDR activities are rather company-specific while allowing for some generalization based on company types. In this way, this study enables several future research avenues worth pursuing. Collapse

Topics: business-to-consumer business-to-business electronic business financial performance telephone

Methods: qualitative interview qualitative coding personal interview mixed method qualitative content analysis

An Initial Analysis of the Impact of Future Climate Change on the Efficiency and Reliability of Solar, Wind and Hydro Energy Sources

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Carreras, B.; Newman, D.; Bhatt, U.; Reynolds, J.; Collet, P.; Gomila, D.

Abstract: Climate change will impact our electric power system, affecting both the load a ... Expand

Abstract: Climate change will impact our electric power system, affecting both the load and generation and thereby the grid reliability. Here we investigate one part of these impacts, the effect of future climate change on the supply of renewable energy. Analyzing model output data through 2100, climate change is found to impact both the total supply available and its variability. This impact is however found to vary significantly with location. Here we focus on and compare a few disparate locations, Palma de Mallorca in the Balearic Islands, Cordova Alaska, McAllen TX and Oroville CA. Using developed metrics, this analysis applies a developed process to evaluate the changing needs for energy storage as well as the ability to evaluate the impact on grid reliability from both penetration of increasing renewable resources and changes in the variability of the resource on both transmission grids and microgrids in order to guide possible mitigation paths. Collapse

Topics: climate change

Methods: longitudinal research time series analysis

Problematizing Assumptions on Digital Transformation Research in the Information Systems Field

2023 | Communications of the Association for Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Carroll, Noel; Conboy, Kieran; Hassan, Nik; Hess, Thomas; Junglas, Iris; Morgan, Lorraine

Abstract: In an era of heightened uncertainty and urgency around disruption, digital tran ... Expand

Abstract: In an era of heightened uncertainty and urgency around disruption, digital transformation has become a global priority on leadership agendas and garnered the attention of researchers across the Information Systems (IS) field. However, the ongoing acceleration of digital technologies not only poses great opportunities but also major challenges for organizations that use digital transformation as a means to survive. Yet, literature on how to successfully implement, manage, and sustain digital transformations that possibly change an organization's business model, along with its product offering, structure, and culture, is often vague and hence various assumptions can go unexamined. This panel report aggregates insights from an author development workshop on "Managing and Sustaining Digital Transformations" and provides different perspectives from six experts. Specifically, it adopts the problematization method to discuss ten commonly held assumptions regarding digital transformation and presents a research roadmap to guide digital transformation research in the future. Collapse

Topics: digital transformation digital innovation innovation management value creation systems implementation

Methods: case study theory development

From transformation to normalisation: An exploratory study of a large-scale agile transformation

2023 | Journal of Information Technology | Citations: 0

Authors: Carroll, Noel; Conboy, Kieran; Wang, Xiaofeng

Abstract: Following the highly pervasive and effective use of agile methods at the team le ... Expand

Abstract: Following the highly pervasive and effective use of agile methods at the team level, many software organisations now wish to replicate this success at the organisational level, adopting large-scale agile methods. However, an analysis of extant literature reveals (i) a lack of theoretically grounded studies of large-scale agile transformations; (ii) weak assumptions underpinning those that do exist; and (iii) an overly simplistic and often problematic over-reliance on simple adherence to agile methods. In addition, there is a lack of insights on why large-scale agile transformations fail. To explore this, we apply normalisation process theory (NPT) to examine key challenges in normalising (i.e. the process of embedding and sustaining) large-scale agile methods. We present an in-depth case study of large-scale agile transformation and demonstrate how failing to normalise a large-scale agile method can unravel an organisation’s transformation efforts. There are four key contributions from this research. First, this study shows that the standard focus on initial adoption is one of the main reasons for the widespread failure of digital transformations and in this case a large-scale agile transformation. Second, this is the first study to introduce and empirically apply NPT to information system development (ISD) as an illustrative guide for those across information systems field to follow. Third, we present key recommendations based on NPT to guide researchers and practitioners on the normalisation of large-scale transformations. Fourth, we present an agenda for future research on large-scale agile transformations. Collapse

Topics: Spotify digital service agile software development sensemaking digital transformation

Methods: case study design methodology qualitative interview qualitative coding literature study

Theories: information systems theory sociological theory dynamic capabilities theory

Transform or be transformed: the importance of research on managing and sustaining digital transformations

2023 | European Journal of Information Systems | Citations: 6

Authors: Carroll, Noel; Hassan, Nik Rushdi; Junglas, Iris; Hess, Thomas; Morgan, Lorraine

Abstract: Digital transformation is here to stay. With the emergence of new digital innova ... Expand

Abstract: Digital transformation is here to stay. With the emergence of new digital innovations and diverse and rich data sources, only those organisations that can adapt faster and make better, quicker decisions will become more competitive. Yet, being a first mover is only the start of the transformation process. Organisations need to address and implement digital strategies to manage and sustain a digital transformation in order to stay with, or ahead of, their competition. In this article, we outline some of the key challenges associated with researching digital transformations within the information systems (IS) field and stress the importance of shifting the focus on how digital transformations are managed and sustained. To explore this further, we launched a Special Issue on “Managing and Sustaining Digital Transformations” and received a large volume of submissions. After a series of reviews and revisions, we were delighted to unearth four excellent articles on this important topic. Our hope with this Special Issue is to improve researchers’ abilities to identify the importance of managing and sustaining digital transformations and to encourage them to build on these contributions to better unpack the digital transformation process for the future. Collapse

Topics: digital transformation decision making

Methods: literature sample

Deploying Artificial Intelligence to Combat Covid-19 Misinformation on Social Media: Technological and Ethical Considerations

2023 | HICSS | Citations: 0

Authors: Cartwright, B.; Frank, R.; Weir, G.; Padda, K.; Strange, S.

Abstract: This paper reports on AI research into online misinformation pertaining to the ... Expand

Abstract: This paper reports on AI research into online misinformation pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic within the Canadian context. This is part of our longerterm goal, i.e., development of a machine-learning tool to assist social media platforms, online service providers and government agencies in identifying and responding to misinformation on social media. We report on predictive accuracies accomplished by applying a combination of technologies, including a custom-designed web-crawler, The Dark Crawler, the Posit toolkit, and four different machine-learning models based on Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machines, LibLinear and LibShortText. Overall, we found that Posit and LibShortText models showed higher levels of correlation to the pre-determined (manual and machine-driven) data classifications than the other machine-learning algorithms tested. We further argue that the harms associated with COVID-19 misinformatione.g., the social and economic damage, and the deaths and severe illnessesoutweigh the right to personal privacy and freedom of speech considerations. Collapse

Topics: misinformation Twitter Reddit social media pandemic

Methods: machine learning computational algorithm support vector machine decision tree classification random forest classification

Selecting the Optimal Number of Crowd Workers for Forecasting Tasks

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Carvalho, Arthur; Karimi, Majid

Abstract: Crowdsourcing platforms enable requesters to elicit information from thousands ... Expand

Abstract: Crowdsourcing platforms enable requesters to elicit information from thousands of workers worldwide. A question that arises when outsourcing a task to a crowd is how many crowd workers a requester should hire. Focusing on forecasting tasks, we provide a methodological way of answering that question by formally describing how the number of crowd workers relates to the expected forecast error. Specifically, we discuss how an error curve associates a number of hired crowd workers with a fixed and a variable error. We then suggest an optimality concept that enables requesters to select an optimal number of crowd workers based on the tolerable variable error. In an illustrative study on Amazon Mechanical Turk, we demonstrate how highly prescriptive our approach is. In particular, we show how requesters can perform ex-ante and ex-post analyses by determining the optimal number of workers before running a task and by determining the fixed error after running the task and collecting forecasts. Collapse

Topics: crowdsourcing decision support system

Methods: computational algorithm post analysis optimization model experiment mathematical model

Outside the Bean Belt: A Study on the Suitability and Sustainability of Coffee Plants in Southern California due to Climate Change using GIS

2023 | Americas Conference on Information Systems | Citations: 0

Authors: Casillas, Vanessa

Abstract: California has a unique climate that is suitable for growing a variety of agric ... Expand

Abstract: California has a unique climate that is suitable for growing a variety of agricultural crops. As stated by the California Department of Food and Agriculture, California's agricultural abundance includes more than 400 commodities, and of these, over a third of the vegetables and three-quarters of the fruits and nuts consumed in the United States, are grown in California. Mark Gaskell, Ph.D., a California Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor, recently began an experiment to grow coffee plants; he believed that due to changing climatic conditions, California farmers could begin to grow coffee plants in their fields. Several farmers agreed to experiment as well and found that the plants did indeed grow. The issue, however, is that farmers would like to know if they can reliably plant coffee on their farms and sustain coffee production for years to come. As a result, this study will utilize the maximum entropy approach, a wellestablished algorithm for modeling habitat suitability over geographical domains, to measure the impact of future climate change on the sustainability of growing coffee plants in California in the years ahead. Layers of worldwide climate data, that represent 19 bioclimatic variables, will be utilized in this study. WorldClim is an online repository that contains historic, monthly, meteorological data averaged across 30 years as well as climate data representing possible future conditions based on various climate prediction models. While this study is focusing on the impact of climate change on coffee plants, it is expected the methodological processes developed, and the resultant findings will be applicable to a wide variety of agricultural crops. Collapse

Topics: geographic information system climate change

Methods: design artifact literature study computational algorithm

Theories: biological theory